[Cite as In re J.B., 2017-Ohio-406.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WILLIAMS COUNTY
In re J.B. Court of Appeals No. WM-16-002
Trial Court No. 20152041
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: February 3, 2017
*****
W. Kelly Johnson and Robert J. Karl, for appellant.
Katherine J. Zartman, Williams County Prosecuting Attorney, and Michael L. Juhasz, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
JENSEN, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, J.B. (“Ju.B.”), appeals the February 12, 2016 judgment
of the Williams County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, adjudicating him
delinquent on four counts of rape. For the reasons that follow, we reverse the trial court’s
judgment, in part, and affirm, in part. We remand the matter to the trial court for a new
trial. I. Background
{¶ 2} On February 9, 2015, 15-year-old Je.B. was sent to the school guidance
counselor by her gym teacher after the teacher noticed cuts on her wrists. The counselor
spoke with Je.B. about why she had been cutting herself, and her response led the
counselor to believe that Je.B. was in danger at home. She contacted Williams County
Job and Family Services (“WCJFS”).
{¶ 3} On February 10, 2015, investigators from WCJFS interviewed Je.B. She
revealed to them that her 17-year-old brother, Ju.B., had been raping her since she was
seven years old. She reported that he last raped her on his 17th birthday, in July of 2014,
at which time he held her down, forced her to perform oral sex, then inserted his penis
into her vagina. She said that before the July 2014 incident, the last time Ju.B. raped her
was on his 16th birthday. She described that the rapes occurred at night, and her parents
were either in their room or in the family’s factory which is connected to the family’s
home. She said that Ju.B. threatened to kill her if she told anyone, but she told her mom
what had been going on. She claimed her mother did nothing.
{¶ 4} In addition to the allegations of abuse by Ju.B., Je.B. told the investigators
that while lying in bed with her father, he would put his hand on top of her clothes “on
her vaginal region and on her butt, but his hand would just lay there.” She told them she
was unsure whether this was sexual abuse.
{¶ 5} That day, the WCJFS investigators and sheriff’s deputy Ken Jacob went to
Je.B.’s home to speak with her parents. Only her father, A.B., was home. They informed
2. him of Je.B.’s allegations, and his immediate response was that Je.B. must be lying. He
said that her behavior had recently changed, and he attributed this to her internet usage.
He offered Deputy Jacob Je.B.’s electronic devices so that they could be searched.
{¶ 6} The investigators called their supervisor and decided that to ensure Je.B.’s
safety, they would remove her from the home pursuant to an ex parte order from
Williams County’s juvenile court judge. They arranged for a medical evaluation of Je.B.
by Randall Schlievert, M.D., a Toledo physician who specializes in treating children who
may have been sexually abused.
{¶ 7} Dr. Schlievert examined Je.B. on February 19, 2015. Je.B. reported to him
that Ju.B. had been sexually abusing her since she was seven years old, that he vaginally
raped her numerous times, that he forced her to perform oral sex three times, that the
instances of abuse often seemed to occur on Ju.B.’s birthday, and that the last instance
occurred on his 17th birthday. She said it happened at their home and she tried to tell her
parents about it, but they were protective of Ju.B and said that he was not the type of
person who would do that. Je.B. told Dr. Schlievert that Ju.B. would choke, hit, and
threaten to kill her.
{¶ 8} Dr. Schlievert performed a genital exam. He found a complete cleft of
Je.B.’s hymen at the nine to ten o’clock position, meaning that there was an absence of
hymenal tissue in that location, indicative of penetrating trauma. Dr. Schlievert saw no
bruises, bleeding, scrapes, or swelling during the genital exam, but Je.B. had a couple
3. dozen cuts on her left arm, some vertical and some horizontal, that she admitted were
self-inflicted.
{¶ 9} Dr. Schlievert described that during the interview, Je.B. was emotional and
tearful, and she reported having flashbacks. She was pinching her arms during the
interview. Mainly, however, her affect was flat and depressive. Dr. Schlievert
recommended that Je.B. undergo an urgent psychiatric evaluation. He believed that what
Je.B. had reported to him was only “the tip of the iceberg,” and that she would begin to
reveal new details. Based on the physical findings, her history, and her behavior, he
diagnosed her as sexually abused. He also believed that she was suffering from anxiety
and post-traumatic stress disorder.
{¶ 10} After being in foster care for a couple of months, Je.B. did, in fact, make
additional allegations of abuse. Investigators interviewed her again on April 2, 2015. At
that time, Je.B. alleged that her parents were physically and verbally abusive and that her
father had sexually abused her. She also provided more details of incidents with Ju.B.
She claimed that her mother had once walked in on Ju.B. and Je.B. having sex, then
walked out like nothing had happened. Je.B. also indicated that Ju.B. had sexually
abused her in the basement of their grandmother’s home.
{¶ 11} Ju.B. was charged with five counts of rape, violations of R.C.
2907.02(A)(2). The first count alleged that between April 19, 2006, and July 21, 2007,
Ju.B. purposely compelled Je.B. to engage in oral sex; the second alleged that between
April 19, 2006, and July 21, 2007, Ju.B. purposely compelled Je.B. to engage in vaginal
4. intercourse; the third alleged that on or about July 21, 2013, Ju.B. purposely compelled
Je.B. to engage in vaginal intercourse; the fourth initially alleged that on or about July 21,
2014, Ju.B. purposely compelled Je.B. to engage in oral sex, but the year was later
amended to 2013; and the fifth alleged that on or about July 21, 2014, Ju.B. purposely
compelled Je.B. to engage in vaginal intercourse.
{¶ 12} Following an adjudicatory hearing beginning January 4, 2016, and ending
January 7, 2016, the court dismissed Count 1 of the complaint, but adjudged Ju.B. to be
delinquent with respect to the remaining four counts. It committed Ju.B. to the legal
custody of the Department of Youth Services (“DYS”) for a minimum of one year to a
maximum of age 21 as to each count, with Counts 2, 3, and 4 to run consecutively to one
another, and Count 5 to run concurrently. It also ordered anger management and sex
offender treatment and six months’ probation. Ju.B. was prohibited from accessing the
internet during his detention and was ordered to avoid contact with minor females
following his release. The court reserved sex offender classification pending Ju.B.’s
release from DYS.
{¶ 13} Ju.B. timely appealed and assigns the following errors for our review:
Assignment of Error No. 1: The juvenile court erred in not
suppressing Appellant’s “confession” due to the failure to preserve the
video of Appellant’s interview.
5. Assignment of Error No. 2: The juvenile court erred in not
suppressing Appellant’s “confession” because Appellant’s statements were
involuntary given the lack of Miranda warnings and the use of coercion.
Assignment of Error No. 3: The juvenile court erred in failing to
appoint a guardian ad litem for Appellant given the conflict of interest
between Appellant and his parents.
Assignment of Error No. 4: The juvenile court erred in excluding as
inadmissible hearsay a log of Appellant’s sister’s Skype conversations,
which was compelling evidence of an ulterior motive for her accusations
against Appellant.
Assignment of Error No. 5: Appellant was denied effective
assistance of counsel as a result of his trial counsel’s failure to file a notice
of alibi.
Assignment of Error No. 6: A new trial should be ordered in this
case due to the juvenile court’s loss of the audio recording of the third day
of trial, resulting in the inability to produce a complete transcript to the
prejudice of Appellant’s rights on appeal.
Assignment of Error No. 7: The cumulative effect of the errors
committed at trial denied Appellant of a fair trial and requires reversal.
6. II. Law and Analysis
A. Failure to Preserve the Recording of Ju.B.’s Confession
{¶ 14} Deputy Jacob interviewed Ju.B. at the sheriff’s office on February 11,
2015. Before trial, Ju.B. filed a motion to dismiss the complaint or, alternatively, to
suppress statements made by Ju.B. during that interview because the state failed to
preserve a recording of the interview. The trial court denied Ju.B.’s motion. In his first
assignment of error, Ju.B challenges the trial court’s denial of his motion.
{¶ 15} On September 14, 2015, the court held a hearing on Ju.B.’s motion.
Deputy Jacob and Ju.B. both testified. Deputy Jacob said that he contacted A.B. on
February 11, 2015, and told him that he wanted to speak with Ju.B. A.B. indicated that
Ju.B. was at school, but that he would contact him and have him go over and speak with
him. Ju.B. went by himself to the sheriff’s office. He told Deputy Jacob that his mother
had told him to take a lie detector test. Deputy Jacob escorted Ju.B. to one of the office’s
two interview rooms. Of the two rooms, he selected the one less frequently used.
{¶ 16} After introducing himself, obtaining some basic information, and advising
Ju.B. that he was free to leave at any time, Deputy Jacob told him of Je.B.’s accusation
that he had been raping her vaginally and forcing her to engage in oral sex since she was
seven years old. He told Ju.B. that Je.B. said that this had happened every year since she
was seven. He asked Ju.B. if this was true, and he told him that if it was, he needed to
find out from Ju.B. why it happened and how many times it happened.
7. {¶ 17} Ju.B. denied the allegations. He said that he and Je.B. hated each other and
that she had distanced herself from the family, isolating herself in her room with her iPod
and refusing to do chores. After about an hour of questioning, during which Ju.B.
consistently maintained that the allegations against him were untrue, Deputy Jacob told
Ju.B. that they could do a computer voice stress analyzer (“CVSA”), and asked Ju.B. if
he would be interested. Ju.B. consented. Department policy required that consent be
obtained in writing from a parent before performing a CVSA on a minor, but Deputy
Jacob proceeded with written consent obtained only from Ju.B.
{¶ 18} After the CVSA, Deputy Jacob showed Ju.B. the charts generated by the
test and told him that the machine confirmed that he had not been completely truthful.
After another hour of questioning, during which Ju.B. was upset and crying, Ju.B.
admitted to having Je.B. perform oral sex on him in the living room when he was ten
years old. He maintained that it happened only once, and it lasted three to five minutes.
{¶ 19} Quickly after making this admission, Ju.B. recanted, explaining that they
started to engage in oral sex, but never really did because they heard the door open and
thought their mom or dad was coming in from the shop. But Ju.B. said that later that
evening, Je.B. was in his bedroom and they had sex. Again, he said it happened only
once and it was when he was ten years old.
{¶ 20} Deputy Jacob told Ju.B. that it was obvious that he was keeping something
from him. Ju.B. was sobbing. Deputy Jacob wanted to administer another CVSA to
better determine how many times Ju.B. and Je.B. had engaged in sex. Ju.B. agreed to do
8. another test. As with the first test, Deputy Jacob told Ju.B. that the second CVSA
indicated deception. He asked additional questions to determine the frequency of the
sexual acts, but Ju.B. maintained that it was just the one time. They talked for about a
half-hour, then the interview ended.
{¶ 21} Ju.B.’s recollection of the interview was in some respects similar to Deputy
Jacob’s. He testified that his mother told him to go to the sheriff’s office and ask for a lie
detector test. When he got there, this is what he told the receptionist. Deputy Jacob
walked out and led him to an interrogation room.
{¶ 22} Deputy Jacob started reading information about Je.B.’s allegations from
some papers that were stapled together. Before that, Ju.B. knew that the reason for the
interview had to do with Je.B., but he did not know exactly what it was. Ju.B. denied the
allegations and said that Je.B. was lying. Deputy Jacob insisted that Je.B. could not have
made up the accusations. Ju.B. told Deputy Jacob at least 15 to 20 times that it did not
happen. This went on for about 30 to 45 minutes and Ju.B. became angry and started to
cry. Ju.B. asked for a lie detector test. Deputy Jacob came back with the CVSA
equipment and explained how it worked. He asked Ju.B. if he was sure he wanted to do
it and Ju.B. said yes.
{¶ 23} After the test, Deputy Jacob asked Ju.B. how he thought he did and Ju.B.
said that he thought he did well. But Deputy Jacob told him that, in fact, he had “failed
miserably.” This made Ju.B. even more upset and he began sobbing. This is the point
where Ju.B. and Deputy Jacob’s versions of events begin to diverge.
9. {¶ 24} According to Ju.B., Deputy Jacob told him that if he admitted to the
offenses, the worst that would happen is that he would be ordered to go to counseling.
Ju.B. believed he could make the questioning stop if he just told Deputy Jacob what he
wanted to hear. He said that he figured that if he did this, his parents could get Je.B. back
and he would simply have to go to counseling. Ju.B., therefore, admitted to sexual
contact with Je.B., but insisted that it happened only one time when he was eight years
old—not ten years old, as Deputy Jacob recalled. Ju.B. said he picked that age because it
was the first allegation Deputy Jacob read off of her statement. Ju.B. insisted that it was
not the truth and he said it only because he thought Deputy Jacob would let him go if he
did.
{¶ 25} Deputy Jacob did not let him go, however. Instead he insisted that he knew
that Ju.B. had sexually abused Je.B. more than one time. He asked if Ju.B. wanted to
take another lie detector test to nail down how many times it occurred. Again, Ju.B.
consented. Afterward, Deputy Jacob asked him how he thought he did and Ju.B.
responded “horrible.” He explained that he thought he had done horribly because what
he said—that he raped Je.B.—was not the truth. He said that this time, Deputy Jacob did
not tell him whether he passed or failed, but he gave Ju.B. a piece of paper to write out a
confession and walked out of the room. Ju.B. did not write anything down.
{¶ 26} Deputy Jacob denied that he asked Ju.B. to write out a confession. He also
denied telling Ju.B. that counseling was the worst that could happen.
{¶ 27} This brings us to the substance of Ju.B.’s first assignment of error.
10. {¶ 28} As noted earlier, Deputy Jacob interviewed Ju.B. in a room that is the less
frequently-used of the two rooms. Both interview rooms have video cameras. The
camera in the more frequently-used room runs continuously. Deputy Jacob testified that
he believed that the camera in the less frequently-used room was motion-activated and
did not record 24-hours a day. He indicated that because the room was not used as often,
he believed recordings would be preserved longer.
{¶ 29} After the interview, Lieutenant Greg Ruskey, who also testified at the
suppression hearing, asked Deputy Jacob if he wanted a copy of the interview. Deputy
Jacob responded that he did not want a copy at that time. Around May 1, 2015, however,
the prosecutor’s office asked Deputy Jacob for a copy. Deputy Jacob forwarded the
request to Lieutenant Ruskey, but Lieutenant Ruskey informed him that it had been
overwritten. As it turned out, contrary to Deputy Jacob’s purported belief that the camera
was motion-activated, the camera was recording 24 hours a day. After approximately
two months, the data is automatically overwritten. It was determined that Ju.B.’s
interview was overwritten in mid-April.
{¶ 30} Ju.B. moved to dismiss the complaint or to suppress his statements based
on the failure to preserve the recorded interview. The trial court denied the motion,
finding that Ju.B. failed to prove (1) that a video recording of the interview actually
existed; (2) that it was materially exculpatory; and (3) that the state acted in bad faith in
failing to preserve the recording.
11. {¶ 31} Appellate review of a motion to suppress is a mixed question of law and
fact. State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d 71, ¶ 8. On a
motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role of finder of fact and, as such, is in the
best position to determine witness credibility and resolve factual disputes. State v.
Codeluppi, 139 Ohio St.3d 165, 2014-Ohio-1574, 10 N.E.3d 691, ¶ 7, citing State v.
Mills, 62 Ohio St.3d 357, 366, 582 N.E.2d 972 (1992). On appeal, we must accept the
trial court’s factual findings as true if supported by competent and credible evidence.
State v. Durnwald, 163 Ohio App.3d 361, 2005-Ohio-4867, 837 N.E.2d 1234, ¶ 28 (6th
Dist.). We then independently determine, without deference to the trial court’s
conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate legal standard. State v. Jones-
Bateman, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-11-074, 2013-Ohio-4739, ¶ 9, citing State v. Claytor,
85 Ohio App.3d 623, 626, 620 N.E.2d 906 (4th Dist.1993).
{¶ 32} The Ohio Supreme Court explained in State v. Geeslin, 116 Ohio St.3d
252, 2007-Ohio-5239, 878 N.E.2d 1, that the “suppression of materially exculpatory
evidence violates a defendant’s due process rights, regardless of whether the state acted
in good or bad faith.” Id. at ¶ 7. But where evidence is only “potentially useful,” the
failure to preserve the evidence does not violate a defendant’s due process rights unless
the defendant can show that the state acted in bad faith. Id. at paragraph one of the
syllabus. “Bad faith” “generally implies something more than bad judgment or
negligence.” Durnwald at ¶ 30. “It imports a dishonest purpose, moral obliquity,
12. conscious wrongdoing, breach of a known duty through some ulterior motive or ill will
partaking of the nature of fraud.” (Internal citations and quotations omitted.) Id.
{¶ 33} Ju.B. does not claim that the evidence was “materially exculpatory”; he
concedes that it was merely “potentially useful.” But he insists that the trial court erred
in concluding that the state did not act in bad faith in failing to preserve the evidence. In
response, the state maintains that the failure to preserve the recording was not done with a
dishonest purpose, ulterior motive, or ill will.
{¶ 34} We first address the trial court’s finding that Ju.B. did not establish that a
recording existed. At the suppression hearing, Deputy Jacob testified that while he does
not know for sure that a recording existed because he never saw it, he assumes the
interview was properly recorded. And Lieutenant Ruskey testified that there was a
camera in the room and to his knowledge, it was recording on the day Ju.B. was
interviewed. He said the camera has not malfunctioned. We, therefore, find no support
for the conclusion that no recording existed.
{¶ 35} We now turn to the issue of bad faith. Ju.B. claims that bad faith is
evidenced by the fact that (1) Deputy Jacob knew that the interview was recorded, (2) he
considered the video to be important evidence and the “best evidence” of what occurred
during the interview, (3) he declined Lieutenant Ruskey’s offer to copy the video
immediately following the interview, (4) he could have obtained a copy of the video by
requesting it anytime within two months of the interview, (5) he failed to request a copy
of the interview even after learning that Ju.B. had been charged, and (6) as a result of his
13. failure to request a copy, it was automatically overwritten. Ju.B. also points out that
Deputy Jacob was an 18-year veteran of the force and specialized in dealing with digital
evidence. He contends that Deputy Jacob exhibited a “cavalier attitude” toward the
preservation of the recording and completely and utterly failed to safeguard this
potentially useful evidence.
{¶ 36} In support of his position, Ju.B. cites our decision in Durnwald, 163
Ohio.App.3d 361, 2005-Ohio-4867, 837 N.E.2d 1234 (6th Dist.). In Durnwald, the
appellant was arrested on several traffic violations, including driving under the influence.
There had been a recording that captured appellant’s driving before being stopped and his
performance of field sobriety tests. That recording was unavailable because cadets who
were left alone in the trooper’s vehicle during a training session allegedly erased and
taped over it. Appellant argued that because this was the only evidence that could have
refuted the officer’s testimony as to his condition at the time of the stop, due process
required dismissal of the charges. We concluded that the evidence was potentially useful,
as opposed to materially exculpatory, and proceeded to consider whether the destruction
of the recording constituted bad faith.
{¶ 37} Evidence was presented that the Ohio State Highway Patrol policies
required that all traffic stops, pursuits, and crash scenes be recorded on videotape and
preserved until all criminal and civil actions have been completed. The appellant
requested the tape of his stop within a few days after it was made. The trooper, who had
viewed the video, testified that for a DUI arrest, the practice was to leave a tape in the
14. machine until the tape was fully used. The tape could easily be removed from the
recorder in the trunk of the cruiser, and the only action he took to preserve the tape was to
not turn the recording system on. Nevertheless, the videotape was partially erased.
Notably, the tape would have had to have been rewound in order to record over
appellant’s stop.
{¶ 38} We observed that the videotape had obvious evidentiary value, was likely
to be requested, and should have been preserved just as with any other evidence of an
alleged crime. We found it “incredible that such ‘accidental’ erasures continue to occur.”
Id. at ¶ 35. While we recognized that the trooper’s actions may not have been intentional,
we also recognized that the erasure was not caused by machine malfunction. “Rather, the
erasure occurred due to the trooper’s complete and utter failure to safeguard evidence
relevant to a crime and arrest.” Id. at ¶ 36. Because of the ease of preserving the tape,
the Highway Patrol’s own policy requiring its preservation, and the failure to protect and
preserve the videotape under these circumstances, we determined that the trooper’s
conduct constituted “more than mere negligence or an error in judgment.” Id. To the
contrary, we found that the continuing cavalier attitude toward the preservation of DUI
videotape evidence rose to the level of bad faith. We held that any testimony by the
trooper regarding evidence which may have been recorded by the videotape should have
been suppressed.
{¶ 39} We reach the same conclusion here. Lieutenant Ruskey specifically asked
Deputy Jacob if he wanted a copy of the recording of the interview and Deputy Jacob
15. declined. Even after charges against Ju.B. were formally filed, Deputy Jacob failed to
request the recording. Deputy Jacob acknowledged that requesting the recording would
have been easy. And he agreed that recordings of interviews should be safeguarded to
the same extent as the recording devices in the patrol cars—that is, as per department
policy, they should be preserved until the case is completely disposed of. We find that
Deputy Jacob’s failure to safeguard the recording rises well above the level of mere
negligence. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court erred when it denied Ju.B.’s
motion to suppress statements obtained from Ju.B. during the February 10, 2015
interview.
{¶ 40} We find Ju.B.’s first assignment of error well-taken. Our finding
necessitates that Ju.B. be granted a new trial.
B. Failure to Appoint a Guardian Ad Litem
{¶ 41} In light of our conclusion with respect to Ju.B.’s first assignment of error,
we need not consider his second assignment of error, alleging that Ju.B.’s “confession”
should be suppressed because it was not given voluntarily. We, therefore, turn to Ju.B.’s
third assignment of error.
{¶ 42} In his third assignment of error, Ju.B. argues that the trial court erred in
failing to appoint a guardian ad litem. Ju.B. maintains that there existed a conflict of
interest with his parents requiring appointment of a guardian ad litem because (1) another
child in the household was the victim of the alleged abuse, (2) Ju.B.’s father had also
been accused of sexual abuse and his mother was accused of standing by while Je.B. was
16. raped by her brother, and (3) Ju.B.’s parents were despondent over Je.B.’s removal from
the home and were, therefore, providing Ju.B. with questionable guidance. Therefore, he
argues, it was incumbent on the court to appoint a guardian ad litem for Ju.B.
{¶ 43} The state, on the other hand, urges that Ju.B.’s parents repeatedly accused
the victim of lying, voluntarily surrendered custody of the victim before trial, and “were
in [Ju.B.’s] corner every step of the way.” It also points out that this issue was not raised
in the trial court, thus, it contends, the assignment of error must be reviewed under a
plain-error analysis.
{¶ 44} R.C. 2151.281(A) requires the court to appoint a guardian ad litem to
protect a child’s interest if it finds that there “is a conflict of interest” between the child
and the child’s parent. Juv.R. 4(B) requires a juvenile court to appoint a guardian ad
litem to protect the interests of a child where the interests of the child and the interests of
the parent “may conflict.” The juvenile court is in the best position to determine whether
a potential conflict of interest exists between the parent and child, and we review the
court’s determination for an abuse of discretion. In re Sappington, 123 Ohio App.3d 448,
454-455, 704 N.E.2d 339 (2d Dist.1997). “The question is whether the record ‘reveals a
strong enough possibility of conflict of interest between parent and child to show that the
juvenile court abused its discretion’ by not appointing a guardian ad litem.” State v.
Legg, 2016-Ohio-801, 63 N.E.3d 424, ¶ 17 (4th Dist.), citing Sappington at 454.
17. {¶ 45} Because we have concluded that Ju.B. must be granted a new trial, we find
that this issue may be visited with the juvenile court on remand. We, therefore, decline to
resolve Ju.B.’s third assignment of error.
C. Exclusion of the Victim’s Skype Conversations
{¶ 46} Ju.B.’s defense to Je.B.’s allegations was essentially that Je.B. found her
living environment intolerable and would go to the length of fabricating allegations of
sexual assault in order to escape that environment. To that end, Ju.B. offered
photographs of the living conditions in the family’s home, and he presented testimony
that A.B. and D.B. were very strict, required Je.B. to work long hours at the family
business, sometimes from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., and would not allow her to date. Ju.B.
also sought to establish that Je.B. was obsessed with a 19-year-old man named H.C., with
whom she corresponded via Skype messaging. Ju.B. attempted to admit into evidence a
log of Je.B. and H.C.’s Skype messaging, which included over 14,000 messages
exchanged at all hours of the day and night. This log also contained messages
purportedly exchanged between Je.B. and her friend, Ap.B. In his fourth assignment of
error, Ju.B. argues that the trial court erred when it excluded the log from evidence.
{¶ 47} Ju.B. hired Vestige Digital Investigations to perform a forensic analysis of
the electronic devices used by Je.B. This analysis revealed a Skype chat thread
consisting of 14,670 messages between December 30, 2014, and February 10, 2015,
between usernames that Ju.B. claimed belonged to Je.B. and H.C. There was another
18. chat thread consisting of 1,268 messages between January 7, 2015, purportedly between
Je.B. and Ap.B.
{¶ 48} On cross-examination, defense counsel confronted Je.B. with the Skype
chat log. She admitted that she engaged in Skype chats with H.C. and Ap.B., including
during the middle of the night and during the school day, but she denied that the
username reflected in the log belonged to her. Despite the fact that her photo was
attached to the username and she was the only person in the household that used Skype,
she maintained that it was not her username. Counsel attempted to question Je.B. about
the substance of the log and tried to admit it into evidence, but the trial court excluded it
for lack of authentication.
{¶ 49} During Ju.B.’s case-in-chief, Ju.B. again tried to admit the log, this time
through Nick Ventura, the Vestige employee who had examined the devices and
extracted the information. Again, the trial court excluded the logs, but this time it did so
on the ground that it constituted inadmissible hearsay.
{¶ 50} Ju.B. argues that the trial court erred in excluding this evidence because the
chat log was offered not for the truth of the matter asserted, but rather to demonstrate that
Je.B. had an ulterior motive for fabricating accusations against Ju.B. He claims that the
trial court abandoned its first-stated reason for excluding the log—the lack of
authentication.
{¶ 51} The state counters that (1) Ju.B. sought to prove the truth of the statements
contained in the log, (2) the log was never properly authenticated because the author of
19. the statements was never identified, (3) the log was inadmissible under Evid.R. 609, and
(4) the outcome of the case would not have been different had the log been admitted.
{¶ 52} The admission or exclusion of evidence is a matter within the discretion of
the trial court. Miller v. Defiance Regional Med. Ctr., 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-06-1111,
2007-Ohio-7101, ¶ 17. A reviewing court may reverse a court’s decision only where the
trial court has abused its discretion. Id.
{¶ 53} Here, the third day of trial was not able to be transcribed because of a
malfunction of the courtroom recording system. The parties prepared a summary of the
evidence, and the summary indicates that the second time the trial court excluded the log,
it did so on hearsay grounds—not on authentication grounds. We understand and agree
with this given that by the time Ventura testified, Ju.B. had presented sufficient evidence
establishing that Je.B. was the only one in the home who used the electronic devices and
was the only one who used Skype, thus properly authenticating the log. See State v.
Norris, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2015-CA-22, 2016-Ohio-5729, ¶ 39 (“While the typical means
of authenticating text messages, i.e., having the recipient of the text messages testify and
identify the sender, was not implemented here, we nevertheless find the text messages
were properly authenticated, as the state presented testimony and evidence that
sufficiently linked Norris to the iPhone that contained the text messages at issue.”). But
as to the hearsay basis for denying the logs, we cannot say that the trial court abused its
discretion.
20. {¶ 54} Ju.B. insists that the statements contained in the log were not offered for
the truth of the matter asserted, but rather to demonstrate that Je.B. had a motive for
fabricating the allegations against Ju.B. The state urges that Ju.B. did, in fact, attempt to
prove the truth of the matters asserted because when cross-examining Je.B. about the
messages, defense counsel asked Je.B. if she had, in fact, failed a biology exam and
burned her hand as represented in the messages.
{¶ 55} Certainly, we do not find the state’s examples compelling because defense
counsel clearly asked Je.B. about her biology exam and burned hand in an attempt to
authenticate the log and establish that they were, in fact, messages between Je.B. and
H.C. or Ap.B. But whether Ju.B. can overcome hearsay concerns as to any other
statements he intended to highlight is something we cannot determine because those
statements were never proffered. And while Ventura could appropriately testify as to the
number of messages he extracted from the devices and the method of extracting them, the
statements contained in those logs could not properly be admitted through him. We,
therefore, find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s decision to exclude the log from
evidence.
{¶ 56} We, therefore, find Ju.B.’s fourth assignment of error not well-taken.
D. Remaining Assignments of Error
{¶ 57} Because our resolution of Ju.B.’s first assignment of error necessitates
reversal and remand for a new trial, we need not consider his fifth, sixth, and seventh
21. assignments of error (counsel’s failure to file a notice of alibi, loss of the recording of day
three of trial, and cumulative effect of errors).
III. Conclusion
{¶ 58} We find Ju.B.’s first assignment of error well-taken; therefore, we reverse
and remand for a new trial on Counts 2 through 5 of the complaint. We find Ju.B.’s
fourth assignment of error not well-taken, and we decline to consider his second, third,
fifth, sixth, and seventh assignments of error in light of our resolution of his first
assignment of error.
{¶ 59} The February 12, 2016 judgment of the Williams County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is reversed, in part, and affirmed, in part, and the
matter is remanded to the juvenile court for a new trial on Counts 2 through 5 of the
complaint. The state is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal under App.R. 24.
Judgment reversed, in part, and affirmed, in part.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
22. In re J.B. C.A. No. WM-16-002
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Stephen A. Yarbrough, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
23.