In re Hosek

136 B.R. 672, 5 Tex.Bankr.Ct.Rep. 456, 1991 Bankr. LEXIS 2198, 1991 WL 320210
United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Texas·Decided September 25, 1991·No. Bankruptcy No. 90-51720-C·Published·Cited by 2 cases

Opinion

ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION

LEIF M. CLARK, Bankruptcy Judge.

CAME ON for consideration the Chapter 7 Trustee’s Motion for Reconsideration, wherein this court is urged to reconsider its decision of January 14, 1991, 124 BR 239, overruling the Trustee’s objection to the Debtors’ claim of exemption in the proceeds of an uninsured/underinsured motorists insurance claim.

The Trustee raises only one issue in his motion: whether the Debtors’ claim against their own liability carrier for under-insured motorist benefits is exempt from seizure, pursuant to Article 21.22(1) of the Texas Insurance Code. The Trustee contends that because Article 21.22(1) exempts only proceeds paid by a life, health, or accident insurance company, a claim for underinsured motorist benefits necessarily falls outside the scope of the exemption. In support of this argument, the Trustee relies chiefly upon various observations regarding the structure and organization of the Insurance Code itself; some general rules of statutory construction; and In re Powers, 112 B.R. 178 (Bankr.S.D.Tex.1989), which this court distinguished in its prior opinion on the issue. Each of these points will be considered, in turn.

I. The Structure of the Texas Insur-anee Code

The Trustee maintains that because the three-volume Texas Insurance Code is divided into twenty-five separate chapters, most of which focus upon particular types of insurance companies, provisions from one chapter should not be construed with provisions from another chapter. Specifically, the Trustee asserts that Chapter 3, titled “Life, Health, and Accident Insurance,” and Chapter 5(A), titled “Motor Vehicle or Automobile Insurance,” are mutually exclusive. Moreover, since Chapter 5(A) does not specifically refer to life, health, or accident insurance, the Trustee concludes that Article 21.22(1) applies only to the life, health, or accident insurance companies regulated by Chapter 3.

The Trustee’s reliance upon the structure of the Insurance Code in his effort to delineate the scope of Article 21.-22(1) disregards several important principles, however. First, while the codification process is part of the legislature’s power to revise the laws, the primary purpose of codification is to rearrange separate statutes into a convenient, integrated system of statutory law regarding a particular subject. Carbide Int’l Ltd. v. State, 695 S.W.2d 653, 656 n. 3 (Tex.App.—Austin 1985, no writ). The codification process entrusted to the Legislative Council cannot, and does not, confer substantive meaning to a statute. See Tex.Govt.Code Ann. § 323.007(b) (Vernon 1988); see also Minton v. Perez, 783 S.W.2d 803, 805 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1990, no writ). Furthermore, the Code Construction Act expressly provides: “The heading of a title, subtitle, chapter, subchapter, or section does not limit or expand the meaning of a statute.” Tex.Govt.Code Ann. § 311.024 (Vernon 1988). Therefore, while the headings and divisions of the Insurance Code might prove useful to the researcher seeking a particular statute, any inferences about the substantive limitations of a statute must be founded upon more than the mere placement or labeling of the provision within the Code.

[674]*674In addition, even if the Trustee’s reliance upon the structure and headings of the Insurance Code were not misplaced, he totally ignores the heading of Chapter 21, which is called “General Provisions.” Presumably, following the Trustee’s own reasoning, a chapter setting forth general provisions would apply to all other chapters of the Code, not just to Chapter 3.

II. Statutory Construction

The Trustee further argues that certain basic rules of statutory construction, particularly the importance of ascertaining legislative intent, require reconsideration of this court’s prior decision. Again, he points to the separation of underinsured motorist coverage provisions from those pertaining to life, health, and accident insurance companies as evidence that the legislature intended Article 21.22(1) to apply only to Chapter 3 companies. Again, however, the Trustee’s analysis falls short.

Issues of statutory construction are questions of law for the court to decide. Johnson v. Fort Worth, 774 S.W.2d 653, 656 (Tex.1989). One of the most basic rules of statutory construction is that unless a statute is ambiguous, the court should find legislative intent in the plain, common meaning of the words and terms. Moreno v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 787 S.W.2d 348, 352 (Tex.1990); Cail v. Service Motors, Inc., 660 S.W.2d 814, 815 (Tex.1983). Examination of the particular wording of Article 21.22(1) proves instructive:

No money or benefits of any kind to be paid or rendered to the insured or any beneficiary under any policy of insurance issued by a life, health or accident insurance company, including mutual and fraternal insurance, or under any plan or program of annuities and benefits in use by any employer, shall be liable to execution, attachment, garnishment or other process or be seized, taken or appropriated or applied by any legal or equitable process or operation of law to pay any debt or liability of the insured or of any beneficiary, either before or after said money or benefits is or are paid or rendered, except for premiums payable on such policy or a debt of the insured secured by a pledge thereof.

Tex.Ins.Code Ann. art. 21.22(1) (Vernon Supp.1991) (emphasis added). The plain, ordinary language of the statute says that it applies to “any policy of insurance,” as long as it is issued by an “life, health or accident insurance company.” The statute does not say “any benefit paid under a life, health or accident policy.”

Of course, this “plain, ordinary meaning” rule does not apply when the legislature specifically defines a term. See Hopkins v. Spring Indep. School Dist., 736 S.W.2d 617, 619 (Tex.1987); Big H Auto Auction, Inc. v. Saenz Motors, 665 S.W.2d 756, 758 (Tex.1984). Here, as the Trustee correctly observes, the legislature has provided a statutory definition of “accident insurance company.” See Tex.Ins. Code Ann. art. 3.01(2) (Vernon 1981). The Trustee, however, fails to include the whole definition in his brief. In its entirety, Article 3.01(2) says: “An accident insurance company shall be deemed to be a corporation doing business under any charter involving the payment, of money or other thing of value, conditioned upon the injury, disablement or death of persons resulting from traveling or general accidents by land or water.” Id. (emphasis added).

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In re Hosek, 136 B.R. 672, 5 Tex.Bankr.Ct.Rep. 456, 1991 Bankr. LEXIS 2198, 1991 WL 320210 (Tex. 1991).

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