In re Fialkowski

483 B.R. 590, 2012 Bankr. LEXIS 5608, 2012 WL 6098024
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. New York
DecidedDecember 3, 2012
DocketNo. 12-12231 K
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 483 B.R. 590 (In re Fialkowski) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re Fialkowski, 483 B.R. 590, 2012 Bankr. LEXIS 5608, 2012 WL 6098024 (N.Y. 2012).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

MICHAEL J. KAPLAN, Bankruptcy Judge.

The question before the Court is arcane and narrow. “May a Chapter 7 Trustee use 11 U.S.C. § 724(b)1 to administer [591]*591property that is exempt for bankruptcy purposes, but is also subject to an Internal Revenue Service tax lien (and, in this case, a levy as well)?”

The Debtor argues a much broader proposition. He argues* that if a Debtor files a Chapter 7 Petition and is allowed an exemption as to property that is subject to an IRS lien (and, in this case, a levy), then the exemption places the property outside the 11 U.S.C. § 541 estate, and thus outside the Trustee’s reach under § 724. In other words, he argues that the matter solely rests between such debtor and the Internal Revenue Service because the collateral is exempt (in this case fully-exempt) but subject to the tax lien: The interests of other creditors are of no moment.

The Court declines the invitation to expand the issue beyond that presented by the facts of this case. Expansion would require a degree of interpretation that would (and someday probably will) compel the Court to reconcile one of the deepest mysteries in bankruptcy law as regards debtors who are natural persons. “What are all the consequences of having been allowed an exemption?”2

The res in this case is small (a small bank account), but the facts of this case are almost ideal for Debtor’s counsel. It is a firm that specializes in income tax problems faced by individuals and small businesses, including bankruptcy solutions thereto. The broader question argued by the Debtor is, thus, of great importance to the firm’s many present and future clients, but must remain for a more suitable case.

DISCUSSION

For purposes of this case, a decision of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan is particularly persuasive. In the case of In re Kerton, 151 B.R. 101 (E.D.Mich.1991), that district court reversed the decision of the bankruptcy court. (That case is emphasized by the Debtor here.) There the Chapter 7 trustee had already sold the realty that was the collateral, and the issue was how to distribute the proceeds. There were mortgage liens as well as a tax lien held by a local taxing authority that objected to that trustee’s § 724 intrusion. The district court stated the facts as follows: “The instant appeal arises out of the sale of certain real property by the Trustee. The property was encumbered by a tax lien in the amount of $8,397.92 and by two consensual liens in the amount of approximately $76,136.54 and approximately $110,000. The liens totaled over $194,000. The property was ultimately sold for $115,000.”

The Kerton Court then said this:

“The Court is called upon to decide whether, under the circumstances of this case, 11 U.S.C. § 724(b) authorizes subordination of tax liens to administrative ex[592]*592penses incurred only as a result of the sale.” [Emphasis mine.]

At issue were proceeds of $8,397.92 (the tax lien amount) only.

That court offered the following illustration of how § 724 works. It said:

Pursuant to § 724(b) the Trustee may pay administrative claims to the extent of tax liens, subordinating the tax liens to the extent of the administrative claims.3 Thus, if the estate has property with a value of $100, a [senior] tax lien of $30 and a [junior] consensual lien of $180, the property is of no value to the estate absent the application of § 724(b) because the value of the secured claims exceeds the value of the property. If, however, the estate has incurred administrative expenses of $20, the Trustee can receive payment of those expenses out of the proceeds of the property through the operation of § 724(b).
If the property is sold for $100, the Trustee pays the administrative expenses of $20 first. The administrative claimants stand in the shoes of the tax lienor. The tax lienor is then paid the remainder of his [sic] lien after deducting the amount paid to the administrative claimants. Thus, in this case, the tax lienor would be paid $10. The consensual [junior] lienor is then paid his [sic] claim in full up to the value of the proceeds, in this case $70. The consensual lienor is unaffected by application of § 724(b). Taking second to the $30 tax lien, $70 is all he [sic] would have received anyway.
By paying priority administrative claims out of property that is otherwise without value to the estate, § 724(b) relieves the remainder of the estate of the burden of paying those priority claims. Funds from the remainder of the estate that would otherwise have gone to payment of these priority claims are, consequently, free to enhance the payment to general [or certain priority] creditors. [Underline added.]

Expressing the view that maximizing the estate for the benefit of general (or certain priority) creditors is the essential duty of the Trustee, the court stated that

A sale which pays only expenses incurred as a result of the sale does not benefit the estate whatsoever. All of the cases that the court has examined authorizing the sale of property pursuant to § 724(b) are based on the implicit assumption that the estate will benefit. The parties have presented no case, and the court has found none, which explicitly authorizes the sale of property pursuant to § 724(d) under circumstances which provide no benefit to the estate. Accordingly, the court holds that, by negative implication, benefit to the estate is a sine qua non of proper subordination under § 724(b), and that in this case, the § 724(b) subordination was improper ... Because the court holds that subordination pursuant to § 724(b) is not proper when the sale proceeds do not go to pay any preexisting and outstanding administrative claims [or priority unsecured claims], the court reverses the ... opinion of the bankruptcy court ... and orders that the $8,379.92 be paid to the [taxing authority].

[593]*593It can be seen that the issue of bankruptcy exemptions was not presented at all in the above case. Rather, the real estate was administered solely for the benefit of secured creditors. Application of § 724(b) would operate. solely to the detriment of the local taxing authority because the proceeds of the tax lien — which was superior and paramount to all other hens on the property except for the fact of a bankruptcy petition and the reach of § 724 — would be wiped out in payment of the administrative expenses incurred solely in the administration of its collateral. That would benefit only that trustee and his appointees (and the junior liens, if they preferred sale by the trustee over pursuing their non-bankruptcy rights.4)

In the case presently at Bar, to permit the Trustee to administer the property under § 724(b) might disadvantage the Debtor who has been allowed a cash exemption in the full amount of the subject bank account.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
483 B.R. 590, 2012 Bankr. LEXIS 5608, 2012 WL 6098024, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-fialkowski-nywb-2012.