In Re Estate of Enos

386 N.E.2d 1147, 69 Ill. App. 3d 129, 25 Ill. Dec. 483, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2147
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedMarch 2, 1979
Docket77-394
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 386 N.E.2d 1147 (In Re Estate of Enos) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In Re Estate of Enos, 386 N.E.2d 1147, 69 Ill. App. 3d 129, 25 Ill. Dec. 483, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2147 (Ill. Ct. App. 1979).

Opinion

Mr. JUSTICE JONES

delivered the opinion of the court:

Bailey M. Smith, a legatee under the will of Mary Enos, appeals from two orders of the circuit court of Madison County concerning the administration of the Enos estate. His appeal essentially presents two issues: whether the circuit court erred in assessing inheritance tax on the estate without conducting a hearing and providing notice to appellant that it had entered an assessment order; and whether the fees awarded to executor, I. H. Streeper III, and his counsel, J. Lawrence Keshner, were excessive.

With respect to the inheritance tax issue, the executor, citing In re Estate of Barker (1976), 63 Ill. 2d 113, 345 N.E.2d 484, has filed a motion to dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction, asserting that the circuit court’s tax assessment order is not a final, appealable order. This motion has been taken with the case.

In Barker, our supreme court found that section 11 of the Illinois inheritance tax act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 120, par. 385), which directs circuit judges to assess the inheritance tax due on estates, does not violate the separation-of-powers provision of the Illinois Constitution of 1970 even though making an assessment of taxes is a nonjudicial function. The court further found that the provision of section 11 which requires any. person dissatisfied with an assessment to appeal to the circuit court within 60 days of the filing of the assessment order does not violate section 6 of article VI of our constitution, providing for appeals of final judgments of the circuit court to the appellate court (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VI, §6). The court reasoned that an assessment order, being nonjudicial in nature, must be considered to be an administrative order and not a final judgment, and that the term “appeal” in section 11 of the Act is used in the sense of a judicial review of an administrative action and not as in article VI of the constitution and Supreme Court Rule 303 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 110A, par. 303).

In the instant case the circuit court filed the order assessing inheritance tax on July 13, 1977. Also on July 13, the clerk of the circuit court mailed notice of this filing to interested parties as required by the statute, but for some reason failed to send one to Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith, however, received a copy of the notice sent to his sister, Thelma Wyckoff, sometime after July 13. That notice paraphrased in the following language the provision of section 11 which deals with appealing the assessment order:

“Any person dissatisfied with the appraisement or assessment may appeal therefrom to the Circuit Court of said County within sixty days after the filing of said order * .”

Appellant Smith, however, did not prosecute an “appeal” to the circuit court of Madison County but rather filed a notice of appeal to this court on August 15, 1977.

Smith’s failure to follow the statutory procedure to obtain a review of the assessment order in the circuit court deprives this court of jurisdiction to review the order. As the supreme court decided in Barker, an initial assessment order such as we have before us is not a final judgment but merely an administrative order. It is therefore not appealable to this court. We cannot reach a section 11 tax assessment order until after the circuit court has reviewed the administrative action of the circuit judge who made the initial assessment. Since this was not done, we must grant the executor’s motion to dismiss the portion of this appeal which is directed at the assessment order.

We would note, however, that there is no merit to appellant Smith’s contention that the circuit court erred in assessing the tax owed without first conducting a hearing. The record shows that none of the legatees filed exceptions or objections to any items of the inheritance tax return as required by section 11 of the act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 120, par. 385). Under such circumstances, no hearing is required since the statute directs the judge to assess and fix the taxes as shown by the inheritance tax return. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 120, par. 385.

The only issue left is whether the fees awarded to the executor and his counsel are excessive.

On May 11, 1977, the executor and his attorney filed petitions to fix their fees. The attorney sought 18,755 and the executor sought 10,880. Appellant actually filed objections to these fees prior to the filing of the petitions, apparently on the basis of estimated fees of 20,000 apiece contained in the inheritance tax return. After conducting a hearing on fees, the circuit court entered an order on June 8,1977, awarding attorney ICeshner ®16,050 and executor Streeper 10,880.

The sections of the Illinois Probate Act of 1975 under which these fees were awarded provide that the personal representative and Ms attorney are entitled to “reasonable compensation for [their] services.” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 110½, pars. 27—1 and 27—2.) And although the circuit court has broad discretion in determining the “reasonable compensation” to be allowed to these individuals (In re Estate of Bonnett (1977), 52 Ill. App. 3d 393, 367 N.E.2d 524), its award will be altered where the determination of the trial court is a plain case of wrongful exercise of judgment (In re Estate of McCalmont (1958), 16 Ill. App. 2d 246, 148 N.E.2d 23; In re Estate of Bonnett). After examining this record, we find that just such a wrongful exercise of judgment was made. The fees awarded are extremely excessive.

The reasonableness of the fees of the representative and his counsel depends on the facts and circumstances of each case. (In re Estate of Luther (1972), 3 Ill. App. 3d 357, 277 N.E.2d 735; McCabe v. Dickerson (1968), 91 Ill. App. 2d 262, 233 N.E.2d 768.) Many of the factors which have been considered relevant by reviewing courts in determining whether a fee was reasonable or excessive have been collected in the Illinois Code of Professional Responsibility at Disciplinary Rule 2—107, section B. Although this section is directed towards attorneys fees, it provides relevant guidelines for judging the fee of a personal representative as well, especially where, as here, the representative is also an attorney. The portion of that rule which is dispositive of the issue of the excessiveness of the fees here reads as follows:

“(B) A fee is excessive when, after a review of the facts, a lawyer of ordinary prudence would be left with a definite and firm conviction that the fee is in excess of a reasonable fee. Factors to be considered as guides in determining the reasonableness of a fee include the following:
(1) The time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly.” Illinois Code of Professional Responsibility, DR2-107(B)(1), adopted by the Illinois State Bar Association on May 1, 1970 (1977).

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Bluebook (online)
386 N.E.2d 1147, 69 Ill. App. 3d 129, 25 Ill. Dec. 483, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2147, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-estate-of-enos-illappct-1979.