In re: Eric F. Kayira

CourtSupreme Court of Missouri
DecidedJanuary 12, 2021
DocketSC98531
StatusPublished

This text of In re: Eric F. Kayira (In re: Eric F. Kayira) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Missouri primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re: Eric F. Kayira, (Mo. 2021).

Opinion

SUPREME COURT OF MISSOURI en banc Opinion issued January 12, 2021 IN RE: ERIC F. KAYIRA, ) ) No. SC98531 Respondent. )

ORIGINAL DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDING

The parties agree that, over a period of approximately five years, Eric F. Kayira

repeatedly failed to notify clients he had received funds belonging to them, engaged in a

pattern of depleting his clients’ funds—frequently to make payments owed to other

clients—and misappropriated client funds to pay for personal and firm expenses. As

Mr. Kayira acknowledges, disbarment is the baseline sanction for knowingly converting

client funds and is the sanction recommended by the disciplinary hearing panel (“DHP”)

and the office of chief disciplinary counsel (“OCDC”).

But, Mr. Kayira argues, this case presents the kind of unusual circumstance in which

consideration of mitigating factors should result in imposition of the lesser sanction of

indefinite suspension. He notes that, at the time of his conduct, he had serious personal

problems, including—he claims without providing any medical support—alcohol abuse

and depression. He also was recently divorced. The DHP considered this information but found it did not sufficiently mitigate Mr. Kayira’s wrongful conduct so as to lessen the

appropriate sanction from disbarment to suspension.

Mr. Kayira asserts the DHP was unaware he also suffered from bipolar disorder

because he did not discover it himself until after his disciplinary hearing and Rule 5.285

did not permit him to raise this mental disorder as a basis for mitigation of the sanction

once he had filed his answer. If he had been permitted to raise it, he argues, it would have

resulted in a lesser sanction, citing In re Belz, 258 S.W.3d 38 (Mo. banc 2008).

Mr. Kayira is incorrect. Unlike in Belz, Mr. Kayira offered no medical evidence to

support his claim of a mental disorder, and an unsupported allegation of such a disorder is

inadequate to invoke the mitigation features of Rule 5.285. And contrary to Mr. Kayira’s

assertion that one cannot offer such evidence after the answer is filed, Rule 5.285(b)

expressly permits an attorney to raise the issue of a mental disorder out of time if good

cause is shown. Not only did Mr. Kayira fail to provide any proof of good cause, he failed

to even seek permission to raise this defense or offer any evidence in support of it. Finally,

unlike in Belz, he did not show additional mitigating factors such as self-reporting and

voluntary restitution before the information was filed.

In light of Mr. Kayira’s pattern of mishandling and misappropriating client funds,

and the lack of sufficient mitigation evidence, this Court disbars him.

I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

“This Court has inherent authority to regulate the practice of law and administer

attorney discipline.” In re Gardner, 565 S.W.3d 670, 675 (Mo. banc 2019). “The DHP’s

findings of fact and conclusions of law are advisory. This Court decides the facts de

2 novo, independently determining all issues pertaining to credibility of witnesses and the

weight of the evidence, and draws its own conclusions of law.” In re Farris, 472 S.W.3d

549, 557 (Mo. banc 2015) (citations and quotations omitted). “Professional misconduct

must be proven by a preponderance of the evidence before discipline will be imposed.” Id.

II. LEGAL STANDARDS GOVERNING ATTORNEY DISCIPLINE

A. General Factors Governing Baseline Level of Discipline

The purpose of discipline is not to punish the attorney, but to protect the public and maintain the integrity of the legal profession. Those twin purposes may be achieved both directly, by removing a person from the practice of law, and indirectly, by imposing a sanction which serves to deter other members of the Bar from engaging in similar conduct.

In re Kazanas, 96 S.W.3d 803, 807-08 (Mo. banc 2003).

This Court determines appropriate discipline by considering its prior cases and the

American Bar Association’s Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (1992) (“ABA

Standards”). Gardner, 565 S.W.3d at 677. After finding a lawyer has committed

professional misconduct, this Court considers four primary factors when applying ABA

Standard 3.0 in imposing sanctions: “(a) the duty violated; (b) the lawyer’s mental state;

(c) the potential or actual injury caused by the lawyer’s misconduct; and (d) the existence

of aggravating or mitigating factors.” Belz, 258 S.W.3d at 42. These four key factors

provide a framework for all disciplinary matters, although other ABA Standards can also

“provide guidance as to appropriate sanctions for specific types of misconduct.” Id.

When this Court finds a lawyer has committed multiple acts of misconduct, it

imposes discipline consistent with the most serious violation. In re Ehler, 319 S.W.3d 442,

451 (Mo. banc 2010). The most serious misconduct alleged here is the misappropriation

3 of client property. ABA Standard 4.11 provides, “Absent aggravating or mitigating

circumstances … [d]isbarment is generally appropriate when a lawyer knowingly converts

client property and causes injury or potential injury to a client.” This Court similarly has

held “disbarment is most often the appropriate discipline” for the misappropriation of client

funds. Farris, 472 S.W.3d at 570.

In contrast, “[s]uspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer knows or should

know that he is dealing improperly with client property and causes injury or potential injury

to a client.” ABA Standard 4.12. This Court similarly has held suspension may be

appropriate when an attorney does not intentionally take client property but deals with it in

a way that causes injury or potential injury. See Gardner, 565 S.W.3d at 678 (involving an

attorney who was suspended when, in an isolated incident, he paid himself early without

permission, but his conduct “d[id] not show an intent on his part to take monies to which

he ultimately would not have been entitled”).

B. Aggravating and Mitigating Factors

Regardless of the baseline or presumptive discipline, the DHP, and this Court,

always consider aggravating and mitigating factors. Belz, 258 S.W.3d at 42. The ABA

standards list numerous types of mitigating factors, among which are the absence of prior

discipline; the absence of a selfish or dishonest motive; personal and emotional problems;

timely making restitution or attempting in good faith to do so; full cooperation with the

disciplinary authorities; inexperience in the practice of law; good character; physical

disability or mental disorder, when supported by appropriate evidence; and remorse. ABA

Standard 9.32. The ABA standards also list aggravating factors, among which are prior

4 discipline; a dishonest or selfish motive; a pattern of misconduct; multiple violations; bad

faith obstruction of the disciplinary proceedings; submitting false evidence; and refusing

to acknowledge wrongfulness. ABA Standard 9.22. This Court considers these same or

similar factors in determining what discipline to impose. See In re Coleman, 295 S.W.3d

857, 870 (Mo. banc 2009) (applying aggravating and mitigating factors as set out in the

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Related

Lawrence v. CDB Services, Inc.
16 S.W.3d 35 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2000)
In Re Belz
258 S.W.3d 38 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2008)
Matter of Williams
711 S.W.2d 518 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 1986)
In Re Mentrup
665 S.W.2d 324 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 1984)
Dozier v. Dozier
222 S.W.3d 308 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2007)
In Re Coleman
295 S.W.3d 857 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2009)
Brungard v. RISKY'S INC.
240 S.W.3d 685 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2007)
In Re Ehler
319 S.W.3d 442 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2010)
In Re Schaeffer
824 S.W.2d 1 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 1992)
In Re Stewart
342 S.W.3d 307 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2011)
Johnson v. KENTUCKY BAR ASS'N
364 S.W.3d 192 (Kentucky Supreme Court, 2012)
In re: Eric Alexander Farris
472 S.W.3d 549 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2015)
In Re: R. Scott Gardner
565 S.W.3d 670 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2019)
In re Phillips
767 S.W.2d 16 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 1989)
In re Mirabile
975 S.W.2d 936 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 1998)
In re Kazanas
96 S.W.3d 803 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2003)
People v. Braham
409 P.3d 655 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2017)
Disciplinary Board v. Kirschner
2011 ND 8 (North Dakota Supreme Court, 2011)

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