In Re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Jacobs

467 N.W.2d 783, 161 Wis. 2d 392, 1991 Wisc. LEXIS 139
CourtWisconsin Supreme Court
DecidedApril 18, 1991
Docket89-0863-D
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 467 N.W.2d 783 (In Re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Jacobs) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Wisconsin Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In Re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Jacobs, 467 N.W.2d 783, 161 Wis. 2d 392, 1991 Wisc. LEXIS 139 (Wis. 1991).

Opinions

PER CURIAM.

Attorney disciplinary proceeding; attorney publicly reprimanded.

[394]*394This is an appeal by the Board of Attorneys Professional Responsibility (Board) from the referee's recommendation that this disciplinary proceeding be dismissed for the reason that the Board failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that Attorney Michael Jacobs had engaged in professional misconduct. The Board also appealed from the referee's recommendation that the Board be required to pay Attorney Jacobs' costs in the proceeding.

We do not accept the recommendation to dismiss this proceeding for the reason that relevant findings of the referee concerning Attorney Jacobs' conduct are clearly erroneous and, consequently, his conclusion that Attorney Jacobs did not violate the Rules of Professional Conduct for Attorneys is not supported by the record. We conclude that Attorney Jacobs engaged in professional misconduct by entering into a business transaction with a client in which they had differing interests and in which the client expected him to exercise his professional judgment for her protection without first advising the client of their differing interests and obtaining the client's consent. He also engaged in dishonest conduct and misrepresentation in his handling of funds of a former client he undertook to invest at her request. Because of mitigating factors, we determine that a public reprimand is appropriate discipline to impose for that misconduct.

Before addressing the merits of the appeal, we first consider the Board's argument that the standard of review applicable to the referee's findings of fact — that they be accepted unless clearly erroneous, Disciplinary Proceedings Against Swartwout, 116 Wis. 2d 380, 342 N.W.2d 406 (1984) — should not apply in this proceeding because the referee did not observe the witnesses testifying but merely read the transcripts of their testimony. [395]*395This proceeding was assigned to the Honorable William C. Sachtjen, reserve judge, as referee but, following three days of hearing, Judge Sachtjen died and the matter was then assigned to the Honorable Timothy Vocke, reserve judge. Judge Vocke did not hold another hearing but reviewed the record and read the transcripts of the hearing held by Judge Sachtjen. As a result, the Board argued, the referee did not observe the demeanor of the witnesses and was in no better position than this court is to make subtle judgments regarding their credibility. The Board asked the court to review the record de novo and make findings of fact independently rather than apply the "clearly erroneous" standard to the referee's findings.

The fact that the referee did not see and hear the testimony of the witnesses at the disciplinary hearing is not reason to dispense with the referee's findings of fact and conduct a de novo review of the record. To the extent those findings rest on the referee's assessment of the credibility of witnesses offering contradictory testimony, we reject those findings when we assess the credibility of witnesses otherwise. In this regard, the referee had initially presumed that, when the testimony was contradictory, Attorney Jacobs was to be believed.1 That presumption was unwarranted; the assessment of witness credibility is not in any way related to the burden of proof a party bears in litigation. Consequently, we reject as clearly erroneous the findings of the referee based on Attorney Jacobs' testimony in those instances when our [396]*396assessment of the credibility of witnesses differs from the referee's.

Attorney Jacobs was admitted to practice law in Wisconsin in 1974 and practiced in Madison from 1979 through 1983. Since then, other than for a four-month period in 1986, he has not practiced law in this state. He currently teaches law at De Paul University in Illinois. He has not previously been the subject of an attorney disciplinary proceeding.

In its complaint, the Board charged that Attorney Jacobs failed to disclose a potential conflict of interest to a client who was investing in a limited partnership he was organizing and of which he was general partner and, with respect to subsequent investments on behalf of this person, engaged in dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation in his handling of her funds and failed to provide her an accounting she requested. Further, the Board alleged, Attorney Jacobs mishandled funds a friend had asked him to invest and engaged in dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation in his communications with that friend regarding his handling of those funds. The complaint also charged that Attorney Jacobs misrepresented a fact to the district professional committee investigator but the Board voluntarily dismissed that count of the complaint prior to the hearing.

The referee found that when the limited partnership investment was made, there was no attorney-client relationship between Attorney Jacobs and the woman, nor was there such a relationship when the woman subsequently gave Attorney Jacobs money to invest on her behalf. Further, he concluded, by giving the woman a copy of the limited partnership agreement after she invested in it, Attorney Jacobs adequately disclosed any potential conflict between his interests as a general partner and her interests as a limited partner. Finally, the [397]*397referee concluded that Attorney Jacobs did not convert the woman's investment funds nor had any intent or purpose to deceive her with respect to his handling of them. Regarding the friend's investments, it was undisputed that there never had been an attorney-client relationship between the two and the referee found that Attorney Jacobs had no intention of misleading his friend when he gave him incorrect information concerning some of the investments and that he did not convert the friend's money.

This proceeding concerns Attorney Jacobs' conduct in the following matters. In the summer of 1979, a woman named Donnellan went to Madison and made an offer to purchase a house. After returning to her home in California, she telephoned Attorney Jacobs, who had been recommended to her by a couple she knew in Madison, and retained him to close the deal. Ms. Don-nellan testified that during a telephone conversation in July, 1979, she told Attorney Jacobs she would be receiving a considerable amount of money from the sale of her California home and he asked if she were interested in investing in a limited real estate partnership he was putting together. She said she was but, as she had not yet closed on her home, she did not have the $10,000 required to purchase an 8.5% limited partnership interest. When Attorney Jacobs offered to advance her that amount and include her in the partnership, Ms. Donnel-lan accepted.

Subsequently, on September 24, 1979, she sent Attorney Jacobs a check in the amount of $10,280, of which $200 was payment of his legal fee for the Madison home purchase, $10,000 was repayment of the advance he had made to her and $80 was interest on that advance. Attorney Jacobs then sent Ms. Donnellan a copy of the limited partnership agreement, two provi[398]*398sions of which indicated the potential for conflicts of interest between the limited and general partners. Thereafter, Ms. Donnellan was required to put another $1,600 into the partnership; ultimately, she lost her entire $11,600 investment when the partnership failed.

Contrary to Ms.

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Related

In Re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Jacobs
467 N.W.2d 783 (Wisconsin Supreme Court, 1991)

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Bluebook (online)
467 N.W.2d 783, 161 Wis. 2d 392, 1991 Wisc. LEXIS 139, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-disciplinary-proceedings-against-jacobs-wis-1991.