In re Determination of Whether a De Facto

473 A.2d 262, 81 Pa. Commw. 262, 1984 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1308

• Court: Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: April 2, 1984
• Docket: Appeal, No. 1529 C.D. 1982
• Status: Published

Opinions

Opinion by

Judge Blatt,

The Department of Transportation (Department) appeals here an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County dismissing its preliminary objections to a petition filed by Lakeview Motel, Inc. (Lake-view) in wbicb Lakeview sought a declaratory judgment pursuant to the Declaratory Judgments Act, 42 Pa. C. S. §§7531-7541.¹ Tbe Department’s preliminary objections alleged, among other objections, that jurisdiction properly lies with tbe Commonwealth Court pursuant to Section 761(a)(1) of tbe Judicial Code (.Code), 42 Pa. C. S. §761(a) (l).²

An order dismissing preliminary objections is ordinarily interlocutory and, therefore, not appealable, Husted v. Board of Directors of Wellsboro Area School District, 57 Pa. Commonwealth. Ct. 520, 427 A.2d 272 (1981), unless expressly made so by statute. Griesinger v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board, 51 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 408, 414 A.2d 742 (1980). We must determine preliminarily, therefore, whether or not any statutory authority exists which would afford the Department the right to appeal from the denial of its preliminary objections.

Section 5105(c) of the Code, 42 Pa. C. S. §5105(c) provides that the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has the authority to promulgate general rules establishing rights to appeal from specific classes of interlocutory orders. The rules so promulgated under Section 5105 (c) include Pa. R.A.P. 311 which lists the interlocutory appeals that may be taken as of right, and Pa. R.A.P. 312 which provides for interlocutory appeals by permission.

Pa. R.A.P. 311(b) allows for an appeal: as of right from an order in a civil action or proceeding sustaining the venue of the matter or jurisdiction over the person or over real or personal property if:

(1) the plaintiff, petitioner or other party benefiting from the order files of record within ten days after the entry of the order an election that the order shall be deemed final; or

(2) the court states in the order that a substantial issue of jurisdiction is presented. (Emphasis added.)

An appeal of right would exist, therefore, when the trial court’s order overrules preliminary objections to its own in personam or in rem jurisdiction and either the plaintiff elected to treat the order as final or the trial court stated in the order that a substantial issue of jurisdiction existed.³

In the present appeal, the Department filed objections to the trial court’s jurisdiction. And, in Demetriou v. Carlin, 47 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 478, 408 A.2d 565 (1979), we held that:

If traditional concepts of subject matter jurisdiction and in personam jurisdiction are to be applied to [the] . . . unique jurisdictional considerations as between courts of common pleas and tbe Commonwealth Court, the very nature of the exclusivity of our jurisdiction — the identity of the person being sued — is such that it should be considered as one of “in personam” jurisdiction waivable by the Commonwealth.

Id. at 484, 408 A.2d at 568. Consequently, we believe that the Department’s general objection to jurisdiction must be interpreted as an objection to the trial court’s in personam jurisdiction. As such, the trial court’s dismissal of the Department’s preliminary objection to jurisdiction is appealable under the constraints of Pa. R.A.P. 311(b).

A thorough review of the record reveals that neither of the requirements imposed by Pa. R.A.P. 311(b) has been met. The comments to this rule, however, indicate that an alternative method to appeal an interlocutory order exists pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. 312 which, in turn, directs us to Chapter 13 (interlocutory appeals by permission) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.⁴

Pa. R.A.P. 1311 establishes the procedure for perfecting interlocutory appeals by permission.⁵ Pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. 1311(b), the interlocutory order being appealed must contain a statement prescribed by Section 702(b) of the Code, 42 Pa. C. S. §702(b), that the court or government unit issuing the interlocutory order opines “that such order involves a controlling question of law as to which there is substantial ground for difference of opinion and that an immediate appeal from the order may materially advance the ultimate termination of the matter”. If the interlocutory order contains such a .statement, a petition for permission to appeal must be filed with the prothonotary of the appellate court within 30 days of the entry of the order.⁶

The order issued here by the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County does not contain the statement prescribed by Section 702(b) of the Code. Nor, to our knowledge, has the Department sought to amend the said order to include the prescribed statement.⁷

We must conclude, therefore, that the order appealed from remains interlocutory. And, accordingly, we must quash the instant appeal.

Order

And Now, this 2nd day of April, 1984, the appeal of the Department of Transportation from the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County-dated June 3,1982, is hereby quashed.

1 The petition for declaratory judgment filed by Lakeview requests that a decree be entered stating that the Department’s actions constitute a de facto taking under the Eminent Domain Code, Act of June 22,1964, Special Sees., P:L. 84, as amended, 26 P.S. §§1-101— 1-901. We note that Lakeview does have a remedy at law pursuant to Section 502(e) of the Eminent Domain Oode, 26 P.S. §l-502(e), namely the filing of a petition for the appointment of viewers. And, although we do not presently address the merits of Lakeview’s petition, we believe the form of action chosen by Lakeview is inappropriate and should be dismissed.

2 The Department argues that an action for a declaratory judgment is equitable in nature and 'that when an equitable action is brought against the Commonwealth, original jurisdiction lies in the Commonwealth Court. Conversely, Lakeview submits that its declaratory judgment action “sounds” in eminent domain and, therefore, is an exception to the Commonwealth Court’s original jurisdiction under Section 761(a) (1) (ii) of the Code, 42 Pa. C. S. §761 (a)(l)(ii). Inasmuch as Lakeview has initiated a declaratory judgment action naming the state as a party, we have original jurisdiction under Section 761(a) of the Code, 42 Pa. C. S. §761 (a).

3 City of Philadelphia, v. Franklin Smelting & Refining Co., 303 Pa. Superior Ct. 393, 449 A.2d 745 (1982).

4 The comments to Pa. R.A.P. 311(b) read, that:

If the plaintiff does mot file an election to treat the order as final the case will proceed to trial unless either (1) the trial court makes a finding under Subdivision (b) (2) of the existence of a substantial question of jurisdiction and the defendant elects to appeal, (2) an interlocutory appeal is permitted under Rule 812 or (3) another basis for appeal appears, e.g., under Subdivision (a)(1), and an appeal is ■taken. (Emphasis added.)

5 Statutory authority for Pa. R.A.'P. 1311 is found in Section 702(b) of the Oode, 42 Pa. O. S. §702(b).

6 We nube that the comments to Pa. R.A.P. 1311 state that:

Where the administrative agency or lower court refuses to amend its order to include the prescribed statement, a petition for review under Chapter 15 of the unappealable order of denial is the proper mode of determining whether the case is so egregious as to justify prerogative appellate correction of the exercise of discretion by the lower tribunal. If the petition for review is granted in such a case, the effect ... is the same as if a petition for permission to appeal had been filed and granted, and no separate petition for permission to appeal need be filed.

7 Pa. R.A.P. 1311(b) provides in pertinent part that an interlocutory order “may be amended to include the prescribed statement at any time, and permission bo appeal may be sought within 30 days after the entry of the order as amended” (emphasis added).