[Cite as In re Contempt of Digney, 2015-Ohio-4278.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 102736
IN RE: CONTEMPT OF TRACY DIGNEY
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case Nos. AD-14-910581 and AD-14-910582
BEFORE: E.A. Gallagher, J., Keough, P.J., and Kilbane, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 15, 2015 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga CountyProsecutor BY: Michelle A. Myers Dale F. Pelsozy Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys Cuyahoga County Division of Children and Family Services 3955 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115
ATTORNEY FOR MOTHER
John Patrick Hyland Cuyahoga County Public Defender 9300 Quincy Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44106
ATTORNEY FOR FATHER
Christopher R. Lenahan 2035 Crocker Road Suite 104 Westlake, Ohio 44145
GUARDIAN AD LITEM
Gregory T. Stralka 6509 Brecksville Road P.O. Box 31776 Independence, Ohio 44131 EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Appellant, Tracy Digney, appeals the judgment of the Cuyahoga County
Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division that found her in contempt of court. For the
following reasons, we reverse and remand.
{¶2} In the underlying juvenile court case for dependency and temporary custody,
a court magistrate issued a case management order requiring the Cuyahoga County
Division of Children and Family Services (“CCDCFS”) to file a case plan by September
19, 2014.1 The order noted that a failure to file the case plan by this date may result in a
dismissal of the complaint and/or a finding of contempt against the assigned CCDCFS
social worker.
{¶3} At a hearing on the matter on November 10, 2014, the assigned magistrate
noted that the case plan had been filed four days late, to wit: on September 23, 2014
which was well in advance of the adjudicatory hearing. The court ordered a hearing on
a motion to show cause due to the late filing. At the hearing, Digney testified that she
prepared the case plan and submitted it to the prosecutor’s office at 10:15 a.m. the
morning of September 19, 2014 for filing pursuant to CCDCFS protocol, and submitted
the case log to support her testimony. The prosecutor’s office, as internal protocol
dictated, would then file the plan with the court. The magistrate issued an order
following the hearing, noting Digney’s argument that she complied with her duties by
This court takes judicial notice that September 19, 2014 was a Friday. 1 submitting the case plan to the prosecutor’s office, and ordered Digney’s counsel to
“determine who is responsible for violating this court’s order and have that individual
present at the next hearing.”
{¶4} When Digney’s counsel failed to produce a responsible party at the
subsequent hearing, the magistrate noted that the filing of the case plan is a statutory
obligation imposed upon CCDCFS and reiterated that Digney, as the assigned social
worker, was responsible for the failure to timely file the case plan. The magistrate found
Digney to be in contempt of court and, in court, stated “sentence is three days in the
County Jail and $75 fine/fees. The sentence is stayed, the fine is to be paid within 30
days.” This sentence is not consistent with that which was journalized. In the journal
entry both the magistrate and the court stated “Tracey Digney is fined $75 and sentenced
to three (3) days in the Cuyahoga County Jail. Fine to be paid within thirty (30) days. * *
* Jail sentence is stayed pending any further violation of court order.”
{¶5} Digney filed objections to the magistrate’s decision arguing that the trial
court had abused its discretion by imposing criminal contempt in this instance. On
February 24, 2015, the trial court overruled Digney’s objections and adopted the
magistrate’s contempt order.2 This appeal followed.
{¶6} In her sole assignment of error, Digney argues that the trial court abused its
discretion in adopting the magistrate’s decision finding her in contempt of court.
2 We note for the record, that both the magistrate’s decision and the court’s order adopting the magistrate decision state that the case plan was to be filed by September 19, 2015. {¶7} We review a finding of contempt under an abuse of discretion standard. In re
Contempt of Modic, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96598, 2011-Ohio-5396, ¶ 7, citing State ex
rel. Celebrezze v. Gibbs, 60 Ohio St.3d 69, 573 N.E.2d 62 (1991). Likewise, we review
a trial court’s decision to adopt a magistrate’s decision for abuse of discretion. In re A.L.,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99040, 2013-Ohio-5120, ¶ 10, citing Dancy v. Dancy, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 82580, 2004-Ohio-470, ¶ 10. An “abuse of discretion” connotes that the
court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5
Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶8} The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized that a contempt sanction can be both
civil and criminal. Liming v. Damos, 133 Ohio St.3d 509, 2012-Ohio-4783, 979 N.E.2d
297, ¶ 15. A defendant must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt to be punished
for criminal contempt, Brown v. Executive 200, Inc., 64 Ohio St.2d 250, 416 N.E.2d 610
(1980), while civil contempt must be established by clear and convincing evidence.
Sagan v. Tobin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86792, 2006-Ohio-2602, ¶ 34. Clear and
convincing evidence implies that the trier of fact must have a firm conviction or belief
that the facts alleged are true. Id.
{¶9} Criminal and civil contempt are distinguished by the character and purpose of
the punishment imposed by the court. Brown at 253. Civil contempt is enforced with
remedial or coercive sanctions and characterized by conditional sentences while criminal
contempt imposes punishment for an act of disobedience and vindicates the authority of
the law and the court. Id. Criminal contempt is characterized by unconditional sentences. Id. at 254. “Therefore, to determine if the sanctions in the instant cause were
criminal or civil in nature, it is necessary to determine the purpose behind each sanction:
was it to coerce the appellees to obey * * *, or was it to punish them for past violations?”
Id. at 254.
{¶10} As in Brown, the instant case contains both criminal and civil contempt
sanctions. Digney’s journalized conditional three-day jail sentence is contingent on
future compliance with the court’s filing deadlines and thus civil in nature. Digney’s
unconditional $75.00 fine is designed to punish and is criminal in nature. Again, we
note that the contempt sanctions that were journalized differ from those dictated in open
court.
{¶11} Although this case presents differing standards of proof for Digney’s
contempt punishments, we find that under either standard, the trial court abused its
discretion in finding Digney in contempt. The facts in this case are not in dispute.
Digney was the sole witness at the contempt hearing and, as such, her testimony was
uncontroverted. The trial court’s factual findings are consistent with the evidence
presented. Digney prepared the case plan and, pursuant to CCDCFS policy, submitted it
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as In re Contempt of Digney, 2015-Ohio-4278.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 102736
IN RE: CONTEMPT OF TRACY DIGNEY
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case Nos. AD-14-910581 and AD-14-910582
BEFORE: E.A. Gallagher, J., Keough, P.J., and Kilbane, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 15, 2015 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga CountyProsecutor BY: Michelle A. Myers Dale F. Pelsozy Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys Cuyahoga County Division of Children and Family Services 3955 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115
ATTORNEY FOR MOTHER
John Patrick Hyland Cuyahoga County Public Defender 9300 Quincy Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44106
ATTORNEY FOR FATHER
Christopher R. Lenahan 2035 Crocker Road Suite 104 Westlake, Ohio 44145
GUARDIAN AD LITEM
Gregory T. Stralka 6509 Brecksville Road P.O. Box 31776 Independence, Ohio 44131 EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Appellant, Tracy Digney, appeals the judgment of the Cuyahoga County
Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division that found her in contempt of court. For the
following reasons, we reverse and remand.
{¶2} In the underlying juvenile court case for dependency and temporary custody,
a court magistrate issued a case management order requiring the Cuyahoga County
Division of Children and Family Services (“CCDCFS”) to file a case plan by September
19, 2014.1 The order noted that a failure to file the case plan by this date may result in a
dismissal of the complaint and/or a finding of contempt against the assigned CCDCFS
social worker.
{¶3} At a hearing on the matter on November 10, 2014, the assigned magistrate
noted that the case plan had been filed four days late, to wit: on September 23, 2014
which was well in advance of the adjudicatory hearing. The court ordered a hearing on
a motion to show cause due to the late filing. At the hearing, Digney testified that she
prepared the case plan and submitted it to the prosecutor’s office at 10:15 a.m. the
morning of September 19, 2014 for filing pursuant to CCDCFS protocol, and submitted
the case log to support her testimony. The prosecutor’s office, as internal protocol
dictated, would then file the plan with the court. The magistrate issued an order
following the hearing, noting Digney’s argument that she complied with her duties by
This court takes judicial notice that September 19, 2014 was a Friday. 1 submitting the case plan to the prosecutor’s office, and ordered Digney’s counsel to
“determine who is responsible for violating this court’s order and have that individual
present at the next hearing.”
{¶4} When Digney’s counsel failed to produce a responsible party at the
subsequent hearing, the magistrate noted that the filing of the case plan is a statutory
obligation imposed upon CCDCFS and reiterated that Digney, as the assigned social
worker, was responsible for the failure to timely file the case plan. The magistrate found
Digney to be in contempt of court and, in court, stated “sentence is three days in the
County Jail and $75 fine/fees. The sentence is stayed, the fine is to be paid within 30
days.” This sentence is not consistent with that which was journalized. In the journal
entry both the magistrate and the court stated “Tracey Digney is fined $75 and sentenced
to three (3) days in the Cuyahoga County Jail. Fine to be paid within thirty (30) days. * *
* Jail sentence is stayed pending any further violation of court order.”
{¶5} Digney filed objections to the magistrate’s decision arguing that the trial
court had abused its discretion by imposing criminal contempt in this instance. On
February 24, 2015, the trial court overruled Digney’s objections and adopted the
magistrate’s contempt order.2 This appeal followed.
{¶6} In her sole assignment of error, Digney argues that the trial court abused its
discretion in adopting the magistrate’s decision finding her in contempt of court.
2 We note for the record, that both the magistrate’s decision and the court’s order adopting the magistrate decision state that the case plan was to be filed by September 19, 2015. {¶7} We review a finding of contempt under an abuse of discretion standard. In re
Contempt of Modic, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96598, 2011-Ohio-5396, ¶ 7, citing State ex
rel. Celebrezze v. Gibbs, 60 Ohio St.3d 69, 573 N.E.2d 62 (1991). Likewise, we review
a trial court’s decision to adopt a magistrate’s decision for abuse of discretion. In re A.L.,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99040, 2013-Ohio-5120, ¶ 10, citing Dancy v. Dancy, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 82580, 2004-Ohio-470, ¶ 10. An “abuse of discretion” connotes that the
court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5
Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶8} The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized that a contempt sanction can be both
civil and criminal. Liming v. Damos, 133 Ohio St.3d 509, 2012-Ohio-4783, 979 N.E.2d
297, ¶ 15. A defendant must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt to be punished
for criminal contempt, Brown v. Executive 200, Inc., 64 Ohio St.2d 250, 416 N.E.2d 610
(1980), while civil contempt must be established by clear and convincing evidence.
Sagan v. Tobin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86792, 2006-Ohio-2602, ¶ 34. Clear and
convincing evidence implies that the trier of fact must have a firm conviction or belief
that the facts alleged are true. Id.
{¶9} Criminal and civil contempt are distinguished by the character and purpose of
the punishment imposed by the court. Brown at 253. Civil contempt is enforced with
remedial or coercive sanctions and characterized by conditional sentences while criminal
contempt imposes punishment for an act of disobedience and vindicates the authority of
the law and the court. Id. Criminal contempt is characterized by unconditional sentences. Id. at 254. “Therefore, to determine if the sanctions in the instant cause were
criminal or civil in nature, it is necessary to determine the purpose behind each sanction:
was it to coerce the appellees to obey * * *, or was it to punish them for past violations?”
Id. at 254.
{¶10} As in Brown, the instant case contains both criminal and civil contempt
sanctions. Digney’s journalized conditional three-day jail sentence is contingent on
future compliance with the court’s filing deadlines and thus civil in nature. Digney’s
unconditional $75.00 fine is designed to punish and is criminal in nature. Again, we
note that the contempt sanctions that were journalized differ from those dictated in open
court.
{¶11} Although this case presents differing standards of proof for Digney’s
contempt punishments, we find that under either standard, the trial court abused its
discretion in finding Digney in contempt. The facts in this case are not in dispute.
Digney was the sole witness at the contempt hearing and, as such, her testimony was
uncontroverted. The trial court’s factual findings are consistent with the evidence
presented. Digney prepared the case plan and, pursuant to CCDCFS policy, submitted it
the morning of September 19, 2014 to the County Prosecutor’s Office for filing.
{¶12} This is not an instance of a willful violation or intentional disregard of a
court order. When the county prosecutor representing Digney asked the magistrate to
exercise discretion for what amounted to a harmless filing error outside of Digney’s
control, the magistrate explained that the filing of the case plan is statutory and provides no exception for a breakdown in CCDCFS’s filing system. The magistrate justified the
sanctions on Digney individually because: “The statute is the statute and it’s 30 days. And
the obligation is on the social worker to see that it’s done.”
{¶13} However, the statute that the magistrate referenced is R.C. 2151.412(D)
which provides in relevant part:
(D) Each public children services agency and private child placing agency that is required by division (A) of this section to maintain a case plan shall file the case plan with the court prior to the child’s adjudicatory hearing but no later than thirty days after the earlier of the date on which the complaint in the case was filed or the child was first placed into shelter care. * * * All parts of the case plan shall be completed by the earlier of thirty days after the adjudicatory hearing or the date of the dispositional hearing for the child.
{¶14} Contrary to the trial court’s position, R.C. 2151.412(D) places the duty to
file the case plan on the agency rather than an individual social worker. This is consistent
with Juv.R. 34(F) which similarly places the filing responsibility upon the agency:
(F) Case plan. As part of its dispositional order, the court shall journalize a case plan for the child. The agency required to maintain a case plan shall file the case plan with the court prior to the child’s adjudicatory hearing but not later than thirty days after the earlier of the date on which the complaint in the case was filed or the child was first placed in shelter care. * * *
{¶15} The trial court’s erroneous shifting of CCDCFS’s statutory burden onto an
individual social worker in the context of an undisputed breakdown in CCDCFS’s filing
procedure that is wholly unrelated to said worker amounts to an abuse of discretion.
{¶16} The abuse of discretion in this instance is further reflected in the
magistrate’s continuance of the contempt hearing to allow the County Prosecutor’s Office to produce the person responsible for the untimely filing. When the prosecutor failed to
produce a responsible party, the magistrate chose to sanction Digney.
{¶17} The magistrate’s decision and the finding of contempt against Digney was
unreasonable, arbitrary and unconscionable. Therefore, we find that the trial court’s
adoption of that decision to be an abuse of discretion.
{¶18} Digney’s sole assignment of error is sustained.
{¶19} This cause is reversed and remanded to the lower court to vacate the finding
of contempt and the sanctions imposed consistent therewith.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into
execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
______________________________________ EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, P.J., and MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCUR