In re C.J.

285 S.W.3d 53
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedFebruary 5, 2009
DocketNo. 01-08-00431-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 285 S.W.3d 53 (In re C.J.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re C.J., 285 S.W.3d 53 (Tex. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinion

OPINION

JANE BLAND, Justice.

The State filed a petition alleging that C.J., a juvenile, had engaged in delinquent conduct by striking another boy with his hand. C.J. pleaded not true to the allegation. The trial court found the allegation true, and it placed C.J. on probation, in the custody of his mother, until his eighteenth birthday. C.J. appeals, contending that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the allegation. We conclude that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s findings and therefore affirm.

Background

The complainant, T.J., is a student at Cullen Middle School. One afternoon, after classes were finished for the day, T.J. headed toward a Metro bus stop. As he walked past Foster Elementary School, someone approached him from behind and hit him in the back of the head with a fist. He turned around and saw C.J. standing in [54]*54front of him.1 C.J. continued to hit him, and T.J. also sustained injuries on the side of his face and his ribs. T.J. testified that he did not know C.J.’s name at the time of the fight, but he learned his name at school the next day. At trial, T.J. identified C.J. as his attacker.

J. Jackson, an officer with the Houston Independent School District Police stationed at Cullen, testified that he responded to a disturbance outside Foster Elementary School. When he arrived, he saw a large group of students gathered around two boys, whom he identified as T.J. and C.J. The group scattei’ed, and Officer Jackson saw T.J. stepping backward, away from C.J., who was swinging at T.J. He saw C.J. strike T.J. three times in the head, and T.J. did not fight back. T.J. ran toward the police car and said that he had been jumped. Officer Jackson put T.J. in the back of his police car for safety, and then called to C.J., who he knew from his station at Cullen, to come to the car. Instead, C.J. ran away, and Officer Jackson and an arriving police officer circled the block, stopped C.J., and placed him in custody. Officer Jackson further testified that during an interview, T.J. identified C.J. as the person who hit him.

C.J. testified at trial that he was walking home from school when T.J., another boy, and that boy’s aunt approached C.J. and his friends and wanted to fight them. C.J. claimed that T.J. tried to hit him, but he ducked and then hit T.J. in self-defense. He testified that after he hit T.J., he walked away and was ah'eady around the corner by the time that the police officer arrived.

Discussion

C.J. contends that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court’s finding of delinquency. The rules of civil procedure govern juvenile delinquency cases. Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 51.17(a) (Vernon 1991); In re M.R., 858 S.W.2d 365, 365 (Tex.1993), cert. denied, 510 U.S. 1078, 114 S.Ct. 894, 127 L.Ed.2d 87 (1994); In re S.D.W., 811 S.W.2d 739, 749 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, no pet.).

Preservation

Rule 324(b) provides that to preserve a factual insufficiency point of error, the party seeking relief must file a motion for new trial complaining of the insufficiency. S.D.W., 811 S.W.2d at 739; Tex.R. Civ. P. 324(b) (1998). C.J. did not challenge the legal or factual sufficiency of the evidence in his motion for new trial. We hold that C.J. need not have raised his factual sufficiency complaint in the trial court to preserve it for our review.

Whether or not a motion for new trial is necessary to preserve factual sufficiency review is somewhat contested. Based on In re M.R., many courts have found that factual sufficiency must be alleged in the motion for new trial to preserve the error. M.R., 858 S.W.2d at 366. However, the Supreme Court decided M.R. before the advent of factual sufficiency review in criminal cases. In Clewis v. State, decided after M.R., the Court of Criminal Appeals held that a criminal defendant has a right to factual sufficiency review of a conviction. Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 136 (Tex.Crim.App.1996). Thereafter, the Court of Criminal Appeals further held that an appellate claim con[55]*55cerning the sufficiency of the evidence did not need to be raised in a motion for directed verdict or motion for new trial before it could be raised on appeal. Moff v. State, 131 S.W.3d 485, 488-89 (Tex.Crim.App.2004). Thus, our sister court has determined that, because the juvenile justice system is more closely related to the adult criminal justice system than the civil system, juveniles should have the same right to appeal factual sufficiency now that the Court of Criminal Appeals has granted that right to adults, despite the fact that juvenile appeals are determined under civil law. In re 58 S.W.3d 242, 245-46 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2001, no pet.). We use the criminal standard of review in juvenile cases, despite the fact that they are technically civil cases. See In re 157 S.W.3d 823, 826 (Tex.App.-Forth Worth 2005, no pet.) (holding that the criminal standard of review is appropriate for a legal sufficiency challenge). Recognizing the underlying constitutional principals at play, the Texas Supreme Court has held that juveniles don’t need to first raise in the trial court the complaint that the trial court failed to give adequate admonishments because juvenile cases are “quasi-criminal.” In re C.O.S., 988 S.W.2d 760, 763 (Tex.1999). Following Clewis and Moff, we hold that because of the quasi-criminal nature of juvenile cases, a complaint about factual sufficiency need not be presented in a motion for new trial in a juvenile adjudication of delinquency to preserve it for appeal. See Clewis, 922 S.W.2d at 136; Moff, 131 S.W.3d at 488-89. Thus, we consider both the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence.

Legal Sufficiency

Although the appeals of juvenile cases are generally treated as civil cases, we use the criminal standard of review for legal sufficiency. J.B.M., 157 S.W.3d at 826. When evaluating the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); Drichas v. State, 175 S.W.3d 795, 798 (Tex.Crim.App.2005). The standard is the same for both direct and circumstantial evidence cases. King v. State, 895 S.W.2d 701, 703 (Tex.Crim.App.1995). We do not resolve any conflict of fact, weigh any evidence, or evaluate the credibility of any witnesses, as this was the function of the trier of fact. See Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex.Crim.App.1999); Adelman v. State,

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In Re CJ
285 S.W.3d 53 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2009)

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