In the
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-25-00085-CV
IN RE CHUAN C. CHEN AND MPATANISHI TAYARI GARRETT
Original Mandamus Proceeding
Before Stevens, C.J., van Cleef and Rambin, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Rambin
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Via a mandamus petition filed on September 23, 2025,1 Relators, Chuan C. Chen and Mpatanishi Tayari Garrett, urge six issues, complain of eight “actions” of the trial court, and ask this Court to:
• vacate a temporary injunction issued on July 26, 2018, • reverse the trial court’s August 6, 2018, venue decision, and to transfer the case to the 134th Judicial District Court of Dallas County, • reverse the trial court’s June 6, 2025, denial of their traditional motion for summary judgment and render summary judgment in their favor, • reverse the trial court’s June 6, 2025, denial of “no evidence” summary judgment and render summary judgment in their favor, and • reverse unspecified trial court discovery order(s) of unidentified date(s).
We address the requested relief in sequence.
I. Injunctive Relief and Venue Seeking mandamus seven years after the fact is too late. Relators seek the extraordinary relief of mandamus regarding a case that has been pending since June 14, 2018. Regarding injunctive relief and venue, Relators seek relief regarding trial court orders issued at the outset of the case, on July 26, 2018, and August 6, 2018. “Because mandamus is ‘controlled largely by equitable principles,’ there is no fixed deadline for filing original proceedings in the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.” CMH Homes v. Perez, 340 S.W.3d 444, 453 (Tex. 2011) (quoting In re Int’l Profit Assocs., 274 S.W.3d 672, 676 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding)). As a benchmark, “[a]n appeal complying with the rules governing an accelerated appeal would generally be timely for mandamus purposes.” Id. “[A]n accelerated appeal is perfected by filing
1 We received a brief from Jackson Potter, Envision Realty Group, LLC, and David J. Potter, the Real Parties in Interest (RPI), on October 14, 2025, and a reply brief from Relators on October 20, 2025.
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a notice of appeal within twenty days of the order.” Id. (citing TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(b)). While the twenty-day deadline for filing an accelerated appeal is not a hard-and-fast deadline regarding mandamus, it indicates the urgency required of those seeing extraordinary relief. See id. Relators cite no cases to support the timeliness of their petition.2 The trial court’s decisions regarding injunctive relief and venue were made seven years before Relators’ petition. As to those matters, we find Relators’ petition untimely. II. Summary Judgment Again, seeking mandamus years after the fact is too late. Relators contend that the claims asserted by RPI had no basis in law when they were filed in 2018 and are precluded by operation of a 2020 decision of the Fifth Court of Appeals in cause no. 05-18-00613-CV regarding litigation in the 134th Judicial District Court of Dallas County between Chen and RPI.
“Generally, mandamus relief is ‘unavailable when a trial court denies summary judgment, no matter how meritorious the motion.’” In re Ill. Nat’l Ins. Co., 685 S.W.3d 826, 842 (Tex. 2024) (orig. proceeding) (quoting In re McAllen Med. Ctr., Inc., 275 S.W.3d 458, 465 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding)). However, “some extraordinary circumstances will warrant mandamus relief.” Id.; see id. at 842–43 (collecting cases where “mandamus relief may be necessary” or is warranted “in some circumstances”).
Mandamus must be sought promptly. CMH Homes, 340 S.W.3d at 453. Mandamus has been permitted after the passage of time where a relator showed that “delay . . . did not result from the relator’s own actions” because the relator “had worked diligently to move the case
2 Further, as discussed below in section IV, “Undisclosed Legal Remedies,” Relators have engaged in activities other than pursuing mandamus that militate against the timeliness of their petition.
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along.” In re Am. Airlines, Inc., 634 S.W.3d 38, 43 (Tex. 2021) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding) (citing In re Int’l Profit Assocs., 274 S.W.3d at 676).
Here, Relators do not explain why they waited years to seek summary judgment (until May 2025), nor do Relators explain why they waited to seek mandamus until more than three months after the trial court’s June 6, 2025, orders denying summary judgment.3 Relators do not explain how, given this timeline, they fit within the “extraordinary circumstances” when mandamus of a summary judgment denial is permitted. See In re Ill. Nat’l Ins. Co., 685 S.W.3d at 842–43. Relators fail to demonstrate entitlement to extraordinary relief. See id. at 842; Rivercenter Assocs. v. Rivera, 858 S.W.2d 366, 367 (Tex. 1993) (orig. proceeding) (“Equity aids the diligent and not those who slumber on their rights.” (quoting Callahan v. Giles, 155 S.W.2d 793, 795 (Tex. 1941) (orig. proceeding)).4 III. Discovery Relators failed to identify, with specificity, the alleged error(s) of the trial court.
“Mandamus relief is proper when the respondent ‘clearly abused its discretion’ and the relator has ‘no adequate remedy by appeal.’” In re Oncor Elec. Delivery Co., 716 S.W.3d 525, 530 (Tex. 2025) (orig. proceeding) (quoting In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 148 S.W.3d 124, 135–
36 (Tex. 2004) (orig. proceeding)). “The relator bears the burden of proving these two 3 Relators’ briefing is cursory and devoid of citations to the record in the argument section. See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.3(h) (“Argument. The petition must contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the appendix or record.”). While we do not reject Relators’ brief outright on that basis, the thinness of briefing on individual topics bears on their ability to show themselves entitled to the extraordinary relief of mandamus. See In re Hotze, 627 S.W.3d 642, 649 (Tex. 2020) (orig. proceeding) (observing “[t]he petition is vague about which of the Secretary of State’s ‘dut[ies] imposed by law’ the Court should compel” (second alteration in original)). 4 Further, as discussed below in section IV, “Undisclosed Legal Remedies,” Relators have engaged in activities other than pursuing mandamus that militate against the timeliness of their petition.
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requirements.” In re H.E.B. Grocery Co., 492 S.W.3d 300, 302 (Tex. 2016) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding). “Due to the extraordinary nature of the remedy, the right to mandamus relief generally requires a predicate request for action by the respondent, and the respondent’s erroneous refusal to act.” In re Eagleridge Operating, LLC, 642 S.W.3d 518, 525 (Tex. 2022) (orig. proceeding) (quoting In re Coppola, 535 S.W.3d 506, 510 (Tex. 2017) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding)).
Relators broadly complain, “The trial court clearly abused its discretion by refusing to enforce basic discovery obligations despite Plaintiffs’ systematic noncompliance over seven years of litigation.”5 Relators provide no citations to the record to support their assertions of erroneous discovery decision(s) by the trial court over the seven-year course of litigation. See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.3(h). While we do not reject Relators’ brief outright on those grounds, their briefing is cursory, which bears on their ability to carry their burden as petitioners. See In re Hotze, 627 S.W.3d at 649. Additionally, for reasons discussed above, mandamus petitions are subject to a timeliness requirement. Relators do not provide any discussion, citation to the record, or citation to authorities to support the timeliness of their discovery complaints. Relators have not shown themselves entitled to the extraordinary relief of mandamus.6
5 Similarly, on reply, Relators assert that, “[d]espite undisputed noncompliance and evasive deposition conduct, the trial court imposed no sanctions, compelled no further responses, and instead issued a new scheduling order effectively restarting discovery from zero.” Relators provide no citations for that assertion. Relators’ mandamus record references a hearing in the trial court on June 2, 2025, but contains no reference to a motion to compel filed by either of the Relators. 6 Further, as discussed below in section IV, “Undisclosed Legal Remedies,” Relators have engaged in activities other than pursuing mandamus that militate against the timeliness of their petition.
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IV. Independent Basis for Denial: Undisclosed Legal Remedies Relators are pursuing, or have pursued, legal remedies that they did not bring to our attention. Those actions provide an independent basis to deny relief.
“Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy and generally is not available from any court in this state when a party has an adequate legal remedy.” Chenault v. Phillips, 914 S.W.2d 140, 141 (Tex. 1996) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding). “No specific definition captures the essence of or circumscribes what comprises an ‘adequate’ remedy; the term is ‘a proxy for the careful balance of jurisprudential considerations,’ and its meaning ‘depends heavily on the circumstances presented.’” In re Allstate Indem. Co., 622 S.W.3d 870, 883 (Tex. 2021) (orig. proceeding) (quoting In re Garza, 544 S.W.3d 836, 840 (Tex. 2018) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding)).
A. 2025 Motion to Recuse Relators’ mandamus record indicates that they filed a motion to recuse the trial judge on June 11, 2025. The assertions in Relators’ motion to recuse overlap in significant part with the assertions in Relators’ mandamus petition. Relators, however, make no mention of this in their brief. Relators do not inform this Court in their brief of the outcome of the motion to recuse or of any appeal therefrom to the Texas Supreme Court.7 Given the overlap of issues and the timing of the recusal motion, a decision denying recusal could impact the analysis of Relators’ request for extraordinary relief from this Court. On the other hand, if recusal is granted during the pendency of a mandamus petition, abatement for reconsideration would be necessary. TEX.
7 Nor does Relators’ reply brief.
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R. APP. P. 7.2(b) (“If the case is an original proceeding under Rule 52, the court must abate the proceeding to allow the successor to reconsider the original party’s decision.”); In re Kuraray Am., Inc., 656 S.W.3d 137, 141 n.2 (Tex. 2022) (per curiam) (orig. proceeding).
B. 2018 Attempt to Halt Red River County Proceedings via Mandamus Further, the RPI brought to our attention that Relators obtained a ruling in 2018 from the Fifth Court of Appeals concerning the relationship between the appeal in cause no. 05-18-00613- CV and this case. In cause no. 05-18-00929-CV, Relators asked the Fifth Court of Appeals to issue the writ of mandamus against the district court in Red River County. The Fifth Court of Appeals held:
The appeal pending in 05-18-00613-CV . . . is relator Chuan C. Chen’s appeal of a declaratory judgment action dismissed under Rule 91a that involved issues unrelated to the proceeding in Red River County. The Red River County proceedings are unrelated to the appeal of the Dallas County orders and, therefore, are not interfering with this Court’s jurisdiction over the appeal pending in 05-18-
00613-CV.
In re Chen, No. 05-18-00929-CV, 2018 WL 6616900, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 18, 2018, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.).
Relators seek relief based on the purported impact of cause no. 05-18-00613-CV on the Red River County proceedings. Relators’ brief before this Court sets forth about a page-long list of the proceedings between the parties. Relators argue that this list compels a result in their favor.8 Further, Relators claim the mantle of protecting the judiciary from conflicting decisions.9
8 See, e.g., Relators’ Brief, p. 11 (“The core dispute, and every meaningful judicial action, originates in [the 134th Judicial District Court of Dallas County].” (emphasis added)), p. 12 (“These dismissals and appellate affirmances established complete finality in Dallas County, where every substantive event, order, and party was already subject to the court’s lawful authority.” (emphasis added)), p. 13 (“Unable to prevail in any Dallas County or federal forum [the RPI pursued litigation in Red River County].” (emphasis added)), p. 15 (“Every prior case—bankruptcy, Dallas
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Relators’ list is incomplete. Relators’ claim of protecting the judiciary from conflicting decisions rings false. Relators did not inform this Court that the Fifth Court of Appeals had, in 2018, found that cause no. 05-18-00613-CV “involved issues unrelated to the proceeding in Red River County.” Id.
C. 2025 Pending Appeal in the Fifth Court of Appeals Further still, the RPI brought to our attention that Chen has a currently pending appeal in the Fifth Court of Appeals regarding a suit between Chen and the RPI in the County Court at Law No. 1 of Dallas County. Before this Court, Relators make no mention of their appeal before the Fifth Court of Appeals. It should have been mentioned.
“Jurisdiction always comes first.” Rush Truck Ctrs. of Tex., L.P. v. Sayre, 718 S.W.3d 233, 237 (Tex. 2025). “Courts always have jurisdiction to determine their own jurisdiction.” Hous. Mun. Emps. Pension Sys. v. Ferrell, 248 S.W.3d 151, 158 (Tex. 2007). “‘Courts are empowered to note potential jurisdictional defects sua sponte,’ and by doing so, a court ‘discharges its duty to ensure that the court itself is functioning in an authorized and properly judicial capacity.’” Hidalgo Cnty. Water Improvement Dist. No. 3 v. Hidalgo Cnty. Irrigation Dist. No. 1, 669 S.W.3d 178, 185 (Tex. 2023) (quoting Rattray v. City of Brownsville, 662 S.W.3d 860, 867, 869 (Tex. 2023)).
County original and amended petitions, and appellate review—was dismissed as lacking legal basis, with only this case lingering due to procedural irregularities, ex parte communications, and improper venue retention.” (emphasis added)), p. 15 (“All facts, parties, assets, and controlling judgments are rooted in Dallas County, and only [the 134th Judicial District Court] retains the jurisdiction and familiarity to finally resolve this matter.” (emphasis added)). 9 See, e.g., Relators’ Brief, p. 17 (“[T]he Red River action directly interferes with the Dallas County court’s continuing jurisdiction over its judgment.” (emphasis added)), p. 18 (“[Ongoing proceedings in Red River County] creates a risk of conflicting orders and undermines the authority of the rendering court.” (emphasis added)), p. 23 (“Allowing this venue ruling to stand forces Defendants to litigate claims already adjudicated in Dallas County in an improper forum, incurring unnecessary expense and risking inconsistent judgments.” (emphasis added)).
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Under the doctrine of dominant jurisdiction, “a court of appeals ‘will not be permitted to interfere with the previously attached jurisdiction of another court of co-ordinate power.’” In re A.B., 676 S.W.3d 112, 115 (Tex. 2023) (per curiam) (quoting Miles v. Ford Motor Co., 914 S.W.2d 135, 138 (Tex. 1995) (per curiam)). This does not mean that the court of appeals hearing the second-filed matter completely lacks jurisdiction. Id. Instead, the question is whether there is a previously filed and still-pending proceeding in a sister court that “impedes” the jurisdiction of the court hearing the second-filed matter such that the court hearing the second-filed matter should abate and, thereby, “yield” to the court hearing the first-filed matter. Id. at 116.
To avoid inadvertent conflict with our sister court, we take judicial notice of Chen’s brief in our sister court (as appellant) as published on the website of the Fifth Court of Appeals in cause no. 05-25-00606-CV. See Gill v. Hill, 688 S.W.3d 863, 871 (Tex. 2024), cert. denied, 145 S.Ct. 274 (2024) (“An appellate court may take judicial notice of a relevant fact that is either generally known within the trial court’s territorial jurisdiction or can be accurately and readily determined from sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned.”). We also take judicial notice of our sister court’s docket sheet in that proceeding. See id.
Chen’s brief in our sister court demonstrates that there is an overlap of issues. Chen, as plaintiff in the County Court at Law No. 1 of Dallas County, brought tortious interference, abuse-of-process, malicious civil prosecution and defamation claims against the RPI (defendants there) based on the proceedings in Red River County that are the subject of this mandamus. Those claims proved unsuccessful in the County Court at Law No. 1 of Dallas County. The complained-of March 24, 2025, order of the County Court at Law No. 1 of Dallas County
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(attached as Appendix A to Chen’s brief before the Fifth Court of Appeals) provides, inter alia, that “[t]he ruling from the 134th Court [of Dallas County] and the Fifth District Court of [A]ppeals only related to the pleadings and specifically did not consider the merits of any potential evidence.” As a result, the scope of the mandate of the Fifth Court of Appeal’s 2020 decision (the 2020 mandate) is now pending before the Fifth Court of Appeals. This is demonstrated by a side-by-side comparison of statements in Relators’ reply brief and the order of the County Court at Law No. 1 of Dallas County now pending before the Fifth Court of Appeals:
Order of CCL on review to Relators’ Reply Br., p. 9 Relators’ Reply Br., p. 8 5th COA
“A trial court has no “Real Parties attempt to “The ruling from the 134th discretion to disregard a prior minimize the Fifth Court’s Court [of Dallas County] and appellate mandate or permit binding decision by the Fifth District Court of relitigation of claims finally suggesting it addressed only a [A]ppeals only related to the adjudicated between the same ‘pleading deficiency.’” pleadings and specifically did parties.” not consider the merits of any potential evidence.”
Hence, the position of the RPI regarding the scope of the 2020 mandate echoes the ruling of the County Court at Law No. 1 of Dallas County, and that trial court’s ruling is currently pending before the Fifth Court of Appeals. The docket sheet of our sister court reveals that notice of appeal in that matter was filed on May 19, 2025. Consequently, the appeal in the Fifth Court of Appeals between the parties predates the petition for a writ of mandamus in this Court. Were this a regular appeal, this would present a question of dominant jurisdiction. Since this comes to us in the posture of a mandamus petition, we view it as weighing against issuance of the writ.
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D. Collective Impact of Undisclosed Legal Remedies Relators come before us not via regular appeal, but via a petition for a writ of mandamus.
Mandamus is “not issued as a matter of right, but at the Court’s discretion.” In re Allstate Indem. Co., 622 S.W.3d at 883. The reader may have noticed that we did not set forth a summary of the background facts at the outset of this opinion. That is due in no small part to our lack of confidence in Relators having presented us with a full and accurate picture of the facts. Based on the circumstances presented, we have jurisprudential concerns about exercising our discretion to grant mandamus relief to parties whose brief did not inform us of legal remedies they once pursued or are pursuing now. See id. V. Conclusion For all the reasons set forth above, we deny Relators’ petition.
Jeff Rambin
Justice
Date Submitted: November 7, 2025 Date Decided: November 10, 2025