[Cite as In re A.S., 2013-Ohio-1975.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: A.S. C.A. No. 26462
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO CASE No. DN 09-10-0823
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: May 15, 2013
CARR, Judge.
{¶1} Arvis S. appeals from a judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas,
Juvenile Division, that placed his son, A.S., in the legal custody of relatives. This Court reverses
and remands.
I.
{¶2} Stephanie W. (“Mother”) and Arvis S. (“Father”) are the parents of A.S., born
September 4, 2008. Only Father has appealed. Mother participated in the proceedings below,
but has not appealed.
{¶3} Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB”) initiated this action with a
complaint filed in juvenile court on October 9, 2009, alleging that A.S. was dependent and
neglected. The child had recently been removed from Mother’s home by the local police due to
an argument between his parents. The trial court adjudicated A.S. to be dependent and granted
temporary custody to the agency. The child was initially placed with a foster family, and within 2
six months, was placed with Mary P. and Carl P., the child’s maternal great aunt and great uncle
(“Relatives”).
{¶4} Several motions for legal custody were filed by CSB, Mother, and Father amidst
two six-month extensions of temporary custody and efforts towards mediation. Eventually,
CSB’s motion for legal custody to Relatives and Father’s motion for legal custody to himself
were heard by a magistrate of the juvenile court on May 10, 2011. During that hearing, Mary P.
testified that she was willing to assume legal custody of A.S. on a permanent basis and to allow
visitation by the parents. In addition, Relatives executed a written statement of understanding,
accepting responsibility to care for the child until maturity and acknowledging the parents’
residual rights. See R.C. 2151.353(A)(3).
{¶5} On May 19, 2011, the magistrate entered a decision granting legal custody to
Relatives. Father filed objections to the decision, and the trial judge found merit in one of the
objections: the magistrate’s failure to permit the parties to cross-examine the guardian ad litem.
The judge remanded the matter to permit the parties an opportunity to cross-examine the
guardian ad litem. Following the hearing in which the parties cross-examined the guardian ad
litem, the magistrate found that the information obtained made no difference on the question of
legal custody. The trial judge adopted the decision the same day, subject to the filing of any
objections by the parties. Father filed additional objections and thereby stayed the effect of the
decision.
{¶6} Shortly before the hearing to cross-examine the guardian ad litem, Father filed a
motion for contempt against Relatives for denying him visits with his son. The contempt matter
was heard on January 25, 2012, by a different magistrate of the same juvenile court. During that
hearing, Mary P. and Carl P. each plainly declared that they no longer wished to have legal 3
custody of A.S. That intention was confirmed by their attorney, who indicated that he would file
a written motion to that effect. The magistrate closed the hearing by stating that she would
consider any such motion from Relatives at an upcoming status hearing scheduled for February
13, 2012.
{¶7} On the day after the contempt hearing and the renunciation by Relatives, Father
filed a motion with the trial judge, requesting that the judge delay her ruling on the objections to
the magistrate’s custody decision until the outcome of the upcoming status hearing was reached.
In his supporting memorandum, Father explained that Relatives stated – on the record – that they
were no longer willing to have legal custody of the child and that their attorney intended to file a
motion to that effect. Father also indicated, in his motion, that the magistrate expected to address
this matter at a status hearing on February 13, 2012.
{¶8} On February 6, 2012, the trial judge granted Father’s requested delay. On the
same day, Father filed a motion to change the disposition of the child and sought legal custody to
himself. The caption of that motion included the name of the trial judge and the name of the
second magistrate. In his motion, Father claimed that it was not in the child’s best interest to
remain in Relatives’ care since they had denied any interest in pursuing legal custody. Father
requested that his motion for change of disposition be heard at the February 13, 2012 status
hearing. The agency did not respond to the motion. At the February 13, 2012 hearing, the
magistrate declared that she would not hear Father’s motion to change disposition because
objections to the legal custody decision were pending before the trial judge.
{¶9} On May 2, 2012, the trial judge overruled Father’s objections, which had been
generated prior to Relatives’ change of position, and granted legal custody to Relatives. Father
now appeals and assigns three errors for review. 4
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN GRANTING CHILDREN’S [SERVICES’] MOTION FOR LEGAL CUSTODY AND DENYING FATHER’S MOTION FOR LEGAL CUSTODY.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN AWARDING FATHER ITS STANDARD ORDER OF VISITATION.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN DENYING APPELLANT’S MOTION FOR CHANGE OF DISPOSITION AND BY DOING SO DENIED APPELLANT DUE PROCESS OF LAW.
{¶10} We first address Father’s third assignment of error because it is dispositive. In
that assignment of error, Father argues that the trial court erred in denying him a hearing on his
motion to change disposition. Father claims that Relatives’ renunciation of their willingness to
assume legal custody is significant to the trial court’s determination of the child’s custodial
disposition and should have been explored in a hearing. In response, CSB argues that Father’s
motion is moot because, at some point prior to the hearing, Relatives again changed their
position. CSB’s contention is evidenced in the record only by the absence of any filing by
Relatives indicating that they did not wish to assume custody of A.S., but is not supported by
affirmative evidence.
{¶11} We disagree with the assertion that the motion is moot. By their own words,
Relatives’ commitment to providing a permanent home for A.S. was placed in doubt. The
appropriate way to fairly address that doubt is through a hearing with the examination of
witnesses. The question is not settled or rendered moot by the fact that Relatives may have
changed their minds again. Legal custody is a permanent disposition and it is important to have 5
a full and fair evaluation of Relatives’ commitment and the reasons for their changed positions
before a permanent disposition is ordered.
{¶12} On the merits, we initially observe that the juvenile court retains jurisdiction over
any child for whom the court issues certain orders of disposition until the child reaches maturity.
R.C. 2151.353(E)(1). See also R.C. 2151.417(B). Pursuant to that continuing jurisdiction, the
court may review at any time any aspect of the child’s placement or custody arrangement. R.C.
2151.417(A). In conducting the review, the court “shall determine * * * whether any changes
should be made” with respect to the child’s placement or custody arrangement. Id. “Based upon
the evidence presented at a hearing held after notice to all parties and the guardian ad litem of the
child, the court may require [the parties] to take any reasonable action that the court determines
is necessary and in the best interest of the child * * * .” Id. See also Juv.R. 14(C) (the court
shall conduct a hearing and modify orders, sua sponte or upon motion, in accordance with the
best interest of the child); Juv.R. 34(G) (permitting the parties to file a motion, or the court, sua
sponte, to modify or terminate “any order of disposition”).
{¶13} Furthermore, it has been said that R.C. 2151.353(E)(2) “provides a mechanism to
modify or terminate” a juvenile court’s dispositional orders. See In re McBride, 110 Ohio St.3d
19, 2006-Ohio-3454, ¶ 10. Such modifications are guided by the best interest of the child. In re
M.Z., 9th Dist. No. 11CA010104, 2012-Ohio-3194, ¶ 11, citing R.C. 2151.415(F) and R.C.
2151.417(B); see also R.C. 2151.42(A). R.C. 2151.353(E)(2) provides that “any party, * * * by
filing a motion with the court, may at any time request the court to modify or terminate any order
of disposition.” R.C. 2151.353(E)(2). “The court may amend a dispositional order in
accordance with [R.C. 2151.353(E)(2)] at any time upon its own motion or upon the motion of
any interested party.” R.C. 2151.417(B). Moreover, R.C. 2151.353(E)(2) embodies due process 6
protections in stating that the trial court “shall hold a hearing upon the motion * * * and shall
give all parties to the action * * * notice of the hearing * * * .” R.C. 2151.353(E)(2). See also
R.C. 2151.417(A); In re Haller, 3d Dist. No. 9-08-01, 2008-Ohio-4304, ¶ 44.
{¶14} Juv.R. 40 contemplates that new events may arise or be discovered between the
time of a magistrate’s decision and a trial judge’s final judgment, and the rule provides a
mechanism for the introduction of such evidence in a timely manner. See Juv.R. 40(D)(4)(b) and
(d), and Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(b) and (d). This is reasonable, given the fact that a magistrate’s
decision is not a final order and may be revised. Juv.R. 40(D)(4)(a) (“magistrate’s decision is
not effective unless adopted by the court.”); Pitts v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 67 Ohio St.2d 378,
379 (1981), fn. 1 (interlocutory orders are subject to change and may be reconsidered upon
court’s own motion or that of a party). Juv.R. 40(D)(4)(b) permits the court to “hear a
previously-referred matter, take additional evidence, or return a matter to a magistrate” before
taking action on a magistrate’s decision.
{¶15} Furthermore, when objections have been filed, Juv.R. 40(D)(4)(d) provides:
Before [ruling on objections], the court may hear additional evidence but may refuse to do so unless the objecting party demonstrates that the party could not, with reasonable diligence, have produced that evidence for consideration by the magistrate.
“Thus, * * * although a court has discretion to refuse to consider new evidence, a court does not
have discretion to refuse to consider new evidence if the objecting party demonstrates that it
could not, with reasonable diligence, have presented the evidence to the magistrate.” Welch v.
Welch, 4th Dist. No. 12CA12, 2012-Ohio-6297, ¶ 12. See also Johnson-Wooldridge v.
Wooldridge, 10th Dist. No. 00AP-1073, 2001 WL 838986, *2 (July 26, 2001). In such a case,
the court is required to hear the new evidence. 7
{¶16} Accordingly, R.C. Chapter 2151 and the juvenile rules of procedure recognize
that matters involving child custody are fluid and may change. Through these provisions, the
trial court is kept informed of matters that may help to avoid unnecessarily inaccurate or
outdated decisions. When making any modification of a dispositional order, the key
consideration for the court is the best interest of the child. In re G.R., 8th Dist. No. 83146, 2004-
Ohio-999, ¶ 21. In assessing such a motion, a determination of the best interest of a child “can
only be accomplished by considering all the evidence concerning [the child’s] custodial
placement.” (Emphasis added.) Id. at ¶ 26.
{¶17} It is plain that the evidence at issue could not have been presented at the prior
dispositional hearing because it arose subsequent to that time. The evidence did not exist until
Relatives spoke up at a contempt hearing that took place after the dispositional hearing, after the
magistrate issued her decision, and after Father filed objections to that decision. Relatives’
statements are undoubtedly relevant to the question of whether Relatives should, in fact, be
granted legal custody. Therefore, a full examination of the reasons for that change and the
apparent subsequent reversal by Relatives should have been conducted and made available to the
trial judge before she made a final determination on the custodial disposition of the child.
{¶18} Ohio courts have allowed the record to be supplemented with evidence that arises
during the interval between the magistrate’s decision and trial court’s judgment, an interval that
unfortunately can last a year or more. See, e.g., Welch v. Welch, 4th Dist. No. 12CA12, 2012-
Ohio-6297, ¶ 15 (allowing evidence of mother’s relocation to a better school district taking place
after the magistrate’s hearing on question of residential parent); Mizer v. Mizer, 5th Dist. No.
08CA0004, 2009-Ohio-1390, ¶ 41 (husband’s failure to notify court of his retirement occurring
after magistrate’s decision led to adoption of decision with inaccurate and outdated information); 8
Noe v. Noe, 5th Dist. No. 07-COA-047, 2008-Ohio-1700, ¶ 20 (trial court erred in denying new
hearing on residential parent decision that was based on two-year old child care factors that no
longer existed).
{¶19} The Fourth District has explained that the allowance of new evidence best serves
the child. Welch v. Welch, 4th Dist. No. 12CA12, 2012-Ohio-6297, ¶ 17.
[W]e believe that it serves the child’s interest to permit a party to introduce evidence discovered subsequent to a magistrate’s hearing, but before the trial court’s final judgment. If the new evidence affects the child’s best interests, and if the court has not finalized a judgment, to further delay the consideration of that new evidence and to require a party to file a motion to modify will further delay what might be in the child’s best interests. Id.
{¶20} Not only is the consideration of evidence arising subsequent to the initial hearing
before a magistrate in the best interest of a child, but it is also a matter of judicial economy.
“Economy is better served if a trial court considers the new evidence when the magistrate’s order
remains interlocutory and before the court enters a final judgment.” Welch at ¶ 19. See also
Jeffrey B. Peterson & Assoc. v. Dayton Metro. Hous. Auth., 2d Dist. No. 17306, 2000 WL
1006562, at *5 (July 21, 2000) (noting, approvingly, that the “matter was also raised at a time
when the decision could have been easily modified, if needed”). Thus, Ohio courts have given
weight to the principal of judicial economy and recognition to the fact that magistrate decisions
may be reconsidered by permitting evidence arising between the magistrate’s decision and the
trial court’s judgment to be heard.
{¶21} In the present case, when Relatives renounced their interest in assuming legal
custody, the magistrate’s decision granting legal custody to Relatives along with Father’s
objections to that decision were already pending before the trial judge. On the day after their
renunciation, Father brought the new evidence to the attention of the trial judge. In his motion,
he explained that Relatives were no longer willing to have legal custody of the child and that 9
they intended to file a document so stating. Father asked the trial judge to delay ruling on his
pending objections until after the February 13, 2012 hearing at which the magistrate was
expected to address this matter. On February 6, 2012, the trial judge granted Father’s motion for
a delay until after the February 13 2012 hearing, implicitly sanctioning the hearing and
acknowledging that the hearing may have an impact on the custody decision, but taking no action
to hear the motion herself.
{¶22} Later on the same day, Father filed a motion to change the disposition of the child
and sought legal custody to himself instead. The motion was captioned with the names of both
the judge and the second magistrate. In his motion, Father asserted that it was not in the child’s
best interest to remain in the care of Relatives who no longer wanted custody. Father requested
that his motion for change of disposition be heard and suggested February 13, 2012, likely
because that was the time set by the magistrate for consideration of Relatives’ anticipated filing
on the same subject. The agency did not respond to the motion.
{¶23} No hearing was conducted by either the magistrate or the trial judge at any time
regarding Relatives’ declaration that they no longer wanted to assume legal custody of A.S. As a
result, the trial judge granted legal custody to Relatives without having an explanation of the
reasons for Relatives’ changes in positions on legal custody. Given the significance of
Relatives’ declaration and the pendency of the decision awarding legal custody to the same
individuals, the trial court should have undertaken to conduct a hearing or have the magistrate
conduct a hearing so that the resulting evidence could be considered in making a fair and
appropriate decision regarding a permanent custodial disposition.
{¶24} Father might well have addressed this matter differently; however, we also
recognize that a trial court has the inherent authority to control its own docket and manage the 10
cases before it. Flynn v. Flynn, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-612, 2004-Ohio-3881, ¶ 10, citing Moyer v.
Bristow, 91 Ohio St.3d 3, 7 (2000). The trial court had authority to take additional evidence or
return the matter to a magistrate for that purpose. Juv.R. 40(D)(4)(b). In exercising that
authority, “the trial court’s discretion must be exercised in a manner which best protects the
interest of the child.” Flynn, at ¶15, citing Bodine v. Bodine, 38 Ohio App.3d 173, 175 (10th
Dist.1988).
{¶25} Nevertheless, Father brought Relatives’ renunciation of interest in legal custody
to the attention of the trial judge while the matter was still pending before her. Father filed
another motion, with the judge’s name affixed, seeking to change the disposition of A.S. for the
reason that the named custodians no longer wanted custody. He requested to be heard on the
matter and stressed the best interest of the child. Father’s two motions essentially constitute a
proffer of the evidence he sought to introduce and was entitled to introduce. See Flynn, at ¶ 22.
Father’s request that the motion be heard on February 13, 2012, was reasonable given that the
magistrate announced that she would hear Relatives present the opposing side of the same matter
at that time, and that the trial court had acknowledged the hearing in her order, essentially
granting a stay until that time.
{¶26} Finally, basic notions of fairness and common sense suggest that when individuals
who stood, at the time, as the named custodians in documents pending before the trial judge have
just announced that they no longer wish to have that role, their willingness and appropriateness
to serve as legal custodians should be explored on the record, including being subject to cross-
examination, before a custodial disposition is finalized. To deny Father a hearing on this matter
is putting form far over substance. It has been said that “a court that considers child custody or
visitation issues should be guided by the child’s best interests, not a technical requirement that 11
has the potential to actually negatively impact a child’s best interests. Welch v. Welch, 4th Dist.
No. 12CA12, 2012-Ohio-6297, ¶ 17. Under the unique facts of this case, Father should have
been permitted to explore the mindset of Relatives in regard to their inclinations and suitability
to assume legal custody of this child, and the trial court erred in failing to hear or to order a
hearing on the new evidence.
{¶27} We caution that, while it may be possible that not every offering of “new
evidence” will meet a threshold level of requiring a hearing, we need not reach that question in
this case because the in-court declaration by the named legal custodians of their unwillingness to
assume that status certainly meets that threshold. In addition, we do not mean to imply that we
believe there is a problem with the child’s current placement. We take no position on that issue,
but simply find that circumstances warranted a further hearing as noted. Father’s third
assignment of error is sustained.
III.
{¶28} Father’s third assignment of error is sustained. Father’s remaining two
assignments of error are rendered moot. The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common
Pleas, Juvenile Division, is reversed and the cause remanded for a full dispositional hearing.
Judgment reversed, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27. 12
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellee.
DONNA J. CARR FOR THE COURT
MOORE, P. J. BROGAN, J. CONCUR.
(Brogan, J., retired, of the Second District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment pursuant to §6(C), Article IV, Constitution.)
APPEARANCES:
DEREK CEK, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
LINDA SELL, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
JOSEPH KERNAN, Guardian ad Litem.