ELDRIDGE, J.
This case presents the procedural issue of whether Maryland Rule 4-324(a) has any application to juvenile delinquency trials.1 The case also presents substantive issues concerning the requisite mens rea under the Maryland statute prohibiting “wanton trespass upon private land.”2
[494]*494I.
Antoine M., who was 16 years old, was charged, by a juvenile petition filed in the Circuit Court for Washington County, with trespass and malicious destruction of property. The juvenile charges were based upon an incident which occurred on August 26, 2002. On that date, Antoine M. allegedly trespassed upon property owned by Jillian and Jerry Keene in Hagerstown, Maryland, and used by the Keene [495]*495family as their residence. The alleged trespass occurred two months after Antoine M. was notified in a writing that he was not to come upon the property owned by the Keenes for any reason, and that, if he did so, charges would be filed against him. The notice was delivered to him by a police officer of the Hagerstown Police Department.
At the juvenile delinquency hearing on the charges, the State presented Mrs. Keene’s testimony regarding the trespass. Mrs. Keene testified that she wrote a no-trespassing letter in June 2002, informing Antoine M. that he was not welcome on the property owned by the Keenes and that, if he came upon the property, she intended to file charges. She stated that, after that letter was delivered to Antoine M., he continued to come upon the Keene property. Mrs. Keene testified that Antoine M. was never given permission to come upon the property by her or Mr. Keene and that they did everything in their power to discourage this behavior. Mrs. Keene testified that on August 26, 2002, the date of the alleged trespass, she had no knowledge of anyone in her home giving Antoine M. permission to be on the property. Mrs. Keene stated that, from the date that the no-trespassing letter was issued to Antoine M. until the date of the alleged trespass, Antoine M. was at the Keene home on numerous occasions. At one point in her testimony she indicated that Antoine M. was in the Keene home “everyday,” stating, “he’s always there.” She estimated that during the summer of 2002 he was on the property on approximately 15 to 20 occasions. Mrs. Keene further testified that she was unsure of a possible dating relationship between her daughter and Antoine M., but that, to the best of her knowledge, her daughter had not invited Antoine M. into the home on August 26, 2002.
At the close of the State’s case, the defendant made a motion for judgment of acquittal on both the trespassing charge and the destruction of property charge, stating:
“[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: I make a motion for judgment of acquittal based on the, the State’s failure to, uh, make a prima facie case at this time.
[496]*496[COURT]: All right, what’s ... as to the destruction of property, I think it’s granted.
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Thank you, your Honor.
[COURT]: How about, I want to hear your argument on trespass, what ...
* * *
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: The State has failed to produce facts sufficient to carry its burden at this time.”
Thereafter, the trial court denied the defendant’s motion for acquittal on the trespassing charge.
During the defendant’s case, Antoine M. testified that he did not trespass upon the Keene’s property but was invited by the Keene’s 15 year-old daughter, whom he was dating at the time of the alleged trespass. Antoine M. testified that, from the time he received the no-trespassing letter in June 2002 until the date of the alleged trespass in August 2002, he had been on the Keene’s property on several occasions and that Mrs. Keene had invited him into the home on at least one of those occasions and had served him dinner. Antoine M. further testified that, when he would visit the Keene home, he would knock on the door and Mrs. Keene would either invite him into the home or ask him to wait on the porch while she went to get her daughter.
Following Antoine M.’s testimony, the defense rested its case. The State then called Mr. Keene as a rebuttal witness. Mr. Keene testified that he was aware of the letter written by his wife in June 2002 notifying Antoine M. that he was not welcome on the Keene property. Mr. Keene testified that, following the delivery of that letter, Antoine M. was never told that he could come upon the Keene’s property. Mr. Keene stated that his problem with Antoine M. was that he would not leave the property when asked and that on one occasion the Keenes threatened him with a shotgun in order to get him to leave. Mr. Keene further testified, however, that Antoine M. [497]*497was “made welcome” at the Keene home on several occasions after the issuance of the letter, but that he did not intend the “welcome” to mean that Antoine M. had permission to come upon the property. When asked by defense counsel, “[w]ere there times after June when Antoine was made welcome in your home?” Mr. Keene responded: “Yes sir, I’ll have to say there were.”
When asked by the court to clarify what he meant by “made welcome,” Mr. Keene explained:
“Well, we, he refuses to leave. He’s very obsessed, and I’ve taken him, offered to take him home many nights. And, uh, sometimes I have taken him home. And, some nights I would say, ‘Antoine, let me drive you home,’ and he would say, ‘No, I’ve got a place to stay,’ but, basically, he’d be staying around the periphery of the property all night, looking for an opportunity to come in.”
“Made welcome in the sense that he wasn’t abused. He was never made welcome in the sense, ‘Yeah, you have permission to be here,’ because we always wanted him to get it in his head that he needed to stay away, and we could never get that in his head. And, quite literally, it was do something bad to him, or know that he was gonna be there, and, you know, I, we threatened to use the shotgun on him. That’s, you know, we didn’t want to kill the young man. He’s still alive, so obviously we didn’t use the shotgun.”
At the close of all the evidence, the defendant did not renew his motion for judgment of acquittal on the trespassing charge. The trial court then concluded that Antoine M. did trespass upon the Keenes’ property and, therefore, was delinquent. The trial judge’s entire finding in this regard was as follows:
“I, I have no difficulty concluding, based upon the evidence, that the owners of the property, Mr. and Mrs. Keene, the property known as 39 Broadway, they, as lawful owners, provided a no-trespass notice. It was received in approxi[498]*498mately June 2002, and on August 26, 2002, Mr. M. was there, not as an invited guest, but simply because he showed up. Perhaps he was given permission by the daughter. I don’t think she has the authority when the legal owners have notified a person that their property, their private property is off limits, that ... cannot be countermanded by a teenage daughter. And, so he was notified, knew what the deal was, and decided to enter the property anyway. I do not find that after delivery of the letter that he was there as an invited guest, which would, essentially, knock out, or countermand the written letter in June of 2002.
“Therefore, I find beyond a reasonable doubt, he has committed the act of trespass.”
After issuing its decision, the trial court ordered that Antoine M. be placed in his mother’s home under house arrest until the disposition hearing. At the disposition hearing, Antoine M. was committed to the Department of Juvenile Justice for foster care placement.
Antoine M. appealed to the Court of Special Appeals, which, in an unreported opinion, affirmed the judgment of the Circuit Court. The Court of Special Appeals, applying Maryland Rule 4-324(a), held that Antoine M. was required to make a motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence. Because Antoine M. failed to do so, the intermediate appellate court held that he lost his right to argue on appeal that the evidence was insufficient. The Court of Special Appeals stated:
“Maryland Rule 4-324(a) provides: ‘A defendant may move for judgment of acquittal ... at the close of the evidence offered by the State and in a jury trial, at the close of all the evidence.’ The Rule further provides that ‘[t]he defendant shall state with particularity all reasons why the motion should be granted.’ See Dumornay v. State, 106 Md.App. 361, 375, 664 A.2d 469 (1995) (appellant failed to move for judgment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence; therefore, the issue of sufficiency of the evidence was not properly before appellate court). See also In re Nahif A., 123 Md.App. 193, 208, 717 A.2d 393 (1998) (applying Rule 4-[499]*499324(a) in a juvenile case). We have no discretion in the matter. Williams v. State, 131 Md.App. 1, 748 A.2d 1, cert. denied, 359 Md. 335, 753 A.2d 1032 (2000).
“Here, appellant failed to move for judgment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence. Accordingly, appellant has failed to preserve his sufficiency argument on appeal.”
Turning to Antoine M.’s alternative argument that he had a bona fide belief that he was permitted to be on the property, the Court of Special Appeals stated:
“[I]t is clear under the facts presented that appellant could not have reasonably or honestly believed that he was welcome on the Keene property or in their house. Unlike the facts of In re Jason Allen D. [, 127 Md.App. 456, 733 A.2d 351 (1999) ], this case does not involve complicated landlord tenant law where there are two apparent authorities, the landlord and the parent tenant. Rather, this case involves simple home ownership law and one authority, the owner parents. If the Keenes’ fifteen-year-old daughter had invited appellant onto the property, in contravention of her parent’s orders and the no-trespass letter her parents wrote, appellant could not reasonably assert that he honestly believed that he was entitled to be on the property.”
Antoine M. then filed in this Court a petition for writ of certiorari which we granted. In re Antoine M., 379 Md. 225, 841 A.2d 339 (2004). In his petition and brief, Antoine M. initially argues that the Court of Special Appeals erroneously applied Rule 4-324(a) to the trial court juvenile delinquency proceeding. He relies on In re Victor B., 336 Md. 85, 90, 646 A.2d 1012, 1014 (1994), where this Court held that “the criminal rules under Title 4 of the Maryland Rules do not apply to juvenile proceedings.” Antoine M. further points out that Rule 4-324(a)’s requirement of a motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of all of the evidence applies only to jury trials. He asserts that the appellate courts should review the sufficiency of the evidence underlying the trial court’s findings because a juvenile delinquency proceeding is a non-jury trial. Antoine M. invokes Rule 8-131(c), which provides that, [500]*500“[w]hen an action has been tried without a jury, the appellate court will review the case on both the law and the evidence.” Antoine M. contends that, under Rule 8-131(c), he was not required to make a motion for judgment of acquittal in order to preserve his right to appellate review of the sufficiency of the evidence.
Antoine M. next argues that the evidence presented in the trial court was insufficient to find that he had committed a trespass under Maryland Code (1957, 1996 Repl.Vol., 2000 Supp.), Art. 27, §§ 576 and 577. According to Antoine M., the proper standards under the trespass statute are whether his being on the Keenes’ property on August 26, 2002, was “wanton” and whether he reasonably had an “honest” or “good faith” belief that he was permitted on the property. Antoine M. maintains that the evidence showing that, after the June 2002 notice, the daughter invited him to be on the property, that the Keenes tolerated his presence on their property, and that the Keenes on occasion made him “welcome,” demonstrated that he lacked the requisite mens rea required by the trespassing statute.3 Consequently, Antoine M. argues, there was insufficient evidence of a criminal trespass.
The State responds by pointing out that, in a series of cases, the Court of Special Appeals has appeared to take the position that Rule 4-324(a), and particularly the requirement of a motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence, applies to juvenile delinquency trials. In addition to the instant case, see, e.g., In re Nahif A., 123 Md.App. 193, 208, 717 A.2d 393, 401 (1998); In re Jason Allen D., 127 Md.App. 456, 473, 733 A.2d 351, 359-360 (1999). The State, however, relying upon In re Victor B., supra, 336 Md. 85, 646 A.2d 1012, and Ennis v. State, 306 Md. 579, 510 A.2d 573 (1986), “agree[s] with Petitioner that a motion for judgment of acquittal need not be filed under the circumstances of this case [501]*501to preserve a challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence.” (State’s brief at 4).
With regard to the merits, the State also agrees with Antoine M. that a person “ ‘has a defense to trespassing, when he honestly and in good faith believes that he is authorized to be on the property and when that belief is reasonable.’ ” (Id. at 5). The State “disagrees, however, that the juvenile court misapplied that law in adjudicating Antoine M. delinquent of trespassing.” (Ibid.). The State argues that both the trial court and the Court of Special Appeals applied the correct legal standards, and that “the evidence was legally sufficient to support the juvenile court’s determination that Antoine M. committed the delinquent act of trespass.” (Id. at 9).
II.
We agree with Antoine M. and the State that Rule 4-324(a) has no application to juvenile delinquency trials. Preliminarily, the provision in Rule 4-324(a) regarding a motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence, by its very terms, is applicable only “in a jury trial.” Moreover, Rule 4-324(a) in its entirety has no application to non-jury trials. See Ennis v. State, supra, 306 Md. at 590-597, 510 A.2d at 579-582, for a detailed discussion of Rule 4-324(a) and its predecessors, as well as the history and constitutional underpinnings of the motion-for-judgment-of-acquittal requirement in criminal jury trials and the lack of such requirement in non-jury trials. A juvenile delinquency trial is a non-jury proceeding.
More broadly, this Court in In re Victor B., supra, and several subsequent cases, held that Title 4 of the Maryland Rules, dealing with criminal procedure, does not apply in juvenile delinquency proceedings. Judge Raker for the Court in In re Victor B., 336 Md. at 95-96, 646 A.2d at 1016-1017, explained:
“ ‘Title 4 applies to criminal matters, post conviction procedures, and expungement of records in the District Court and the circuit courts.’
[502]*502To like effect, Rule 4-101, Applicability, under Title 4 states that ‘[t]he rules in this Title govern procedure in all criminal matters, post conviction procedures, and expungement of records in both the circuit courts and the District Court, except as otherwise specifically provided.’ ”
“We find the language ... clear and unambiguous. Title 4 only applies to ‘criminal matters, post conviction procedures, and expungement of records in the District Court and the circuit courts.’ ” Neither rule provides that Title 4 applies to juvenile proceedings. Because Title 4 deals solely with criminal matters, it was unnecessary for the drafters of the rule to expressly exclude juvenile causes from Title 4. Since juvenile proceedings are civil in nature and are governed by the specific rules of procedure set out under Chapter 900 [now Title 11], it was necessary for the drafters of Rule 1-101 to expressly exclude juvenile causes from the Title 2 civil rules of procedure. In light of the clear and unambiguous language of Rules 1-101 and 4-101, the criminal rules of procedure therefore do not apply to juvenile proceedings.
“We find that neither the Maryland Rules nor the Juvenile Causes Act provides for the application of the criminal rules of Title 4 to juvenile proceedings. Furthermore, we find no implied incorporation of the criminal rules into the juvenile rules. Juvenile proceedings are governed by a separate, pervasive scheme of specific statutes and rules developed by the Maryland General Assembly and the Court of Appeals.”
The holding of In re Victor B., supra, is dispositive of the issue. Title 4 of the Maryland Rules is inapplicable in juvenile proceedings. Consequently, a defendant in a juvenile proceeding is not required to make a motion for judgment of acquittal under Rule 4-324(a) in order to preserve his right to [503]*503appellate review of the sufficiency of the evidence. To the extent that parts of any Court of Special Appeals’ opinions are to the contrary, they are overruled.
III.
We now turn to the intertwined issues of the requisite mens rea under the trespassing statute and the sufficiency of the evidence showing that Antoine M. committed the delinquent act of a “wanton” trespass.
“A mere trespass to real property is not a crime at common law unless it amounts to a breach of the peace. Thus criminal trespass is for the most part a statutory creation.” In re Appeal No. 631, 282 Md. 223, 226, 383 A.2d 684, 685 (1978), and cases there cited. See also Johnson v. State, 356 Md. 498, 506, 740 A.2d 615, 619 (1999). The Maryland statutory scheme with respect to criminal trespass is currently found in Title 6, Subtitle 4, of the Criminal Law Article, formerly Article 27, §§ 576-580. Those sections create criminal liability for trespassing upon both public and private property under certain conditions. In this case, we are concerned only with former Article 27, §§ 576(d) and 577(a)(2)® and (iii), which prohibited the “wanton” entry onto private property by a person who had been notified by the owner not to do so.4 In addition, subsection (a)(2)(iii) expressly stated that the statute “may not be construed to apply to the entry on ... any land when the entry ... is done under a bona fide claim of right....” The current statute, § 6-403 of the Criminal Law Article, which the Revisor noted was without substantive change, specifically exempts entry “under a good faith claim of right____”
The definition section of the trespassing subtitle, previously Art. 27, § 576(d), and now § 6-401 (d) of the Criminal Law Article, states that “ 'wanton’ retains its judicially determined meaning.” We have said, particularly in reference to the [504]*504criminal trespass statute, that “ ‘wanton’ conduct” is “conduct ‘characterized by extreme recklessness and utter disregard for the rights of others.’ ” Maryland State Department of Personnel v. Sealing, 298 Md. 524, 536, 471 A.2d 693, 699 (1984), quoting Dennis v. Baltimore Transit Co., 189 Md. 610, 617, 56 A.2d 813, 817 (1948), and Baltimore Transit Co. v. Faulkner, 179 Md. 598, 602, 20 A.2d 485, 488 (1941). Moreover, the term “bona fide” has been defined as “[i]n good faith; honestly, openly, and sincerely; without deceit or fraud.” Ashton v. Brown, 339 Md. 70, 91, 660 A.2d 447, 457 (1995), quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 177 (6th Ed.1990). See In re Jason Allen D., supra, 127 Md.App. at 476, 733 A.2d at 361.
This Court in Warfield v. State, 315 Md. 474, 498-501, 554 A.2d 1238, 1250-1252 (1989), examined at length the mens rea required for criminal trespass. Warfield, inter alia, presented the issue of whether a man hired to shovel snow from the walkways of a private residence was guilty of criminal trespass to private property when he entered the garage of the home, which he did not have permission to enter. The defendant argued that his belief, at the time of the alleged trespass, that the owner of the home would have given him permission to enter the garage in order to open the garage door to remove snow piled in front of it, eliminated the intent necessary to convict him of criminal trespass. This Court, in an opinion by Judge Orth, agreed, deciding that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction for criminal trespass. The Court held that the fact that the woman who hired the defendant would not have allowed him to enter the garage was not controlling in determining whether the defendant’s belief was reasonable at the time he entered the garage. With regard to the mens rea required, this Court stated (315 Md. at 498-499, 500, 554 A.2d at 1250-1251, emphasis added):
“The common requirement of criminal trespass offenses is that the actor be aware of the fact that he is making an unwarranted intrusion. The Model Penal Code reflects this by making an intrusion culpable when a person knows he is not licensed or privileged to enter.... The knowledge requirement is designed primarily to exclude from criminal [505]*505liability both the inadvertent trespasser and the trespasser who believes that he has received an express or implied permission to enter or remain.’
“[T]he legislature [in enacting the criminal trespass statutes] intended that the intrusion, to be culpable, be with an awareness that it was unwarranted — lacking authority, license, privilege, invitation, or legality. To make culpable the inadvertent trespasser and the trespasser who entertains a reasonable belief that his conduct was proper would be unreasonable, illogical, inconsistent with common sense, and contrary to the interests of justice. Such results, we have stated, are to be avoided.”
The Court continued (315 Md. at 501, 554 A.2d at 1252):
“The guilt of a person must depend on the circumstances as they appear to a reasonable man.... ‘[A]n honest and reasonable belief in the existence of circumstances which, if true, would have made the act done innocent, is a good defense.’ ”
A case very much on point is In re Jason Allen D., supra, 127 Md.App. 456, 733 A.2d 351. In that case, the juvenile defendant, Jason Allen D., was arrested when he was found on a housing authority’s property after having been notified that he was not allowed on the property. He was subsequently charged in the Circuit Court for Frederick County with the delinquent act of committing a criminal trespass under Art. 27, § 577, and with resisting arrest. At trial, Jason claimed that he was invited onto the property by his cousin Morris, a minor who lived with his mother, as tenants, on the housing authority’s property known as the Sanger property. That claim was substantiated by the testimony of Jason’s cousin at trial. Despite this testimony, Jason was adjudicated delinquent for committing a criminal trespass and for resisting arrest. On appeal to the Court of Special Appeals, Jason argued that the trial court had insufficient evidence to adjudicate him delinquent for several reasons. Among them, Jason contended [506]*506that he had a bona fide right to be on the property because he was a “guest” or “invitee” of his cousin, a resident of the property. Jason further argued that the State failed to prove that his presence was “wanton” as required under Art. 27, § 577. The State, in response, made a “property law” type of argument similar to the finding of the trial judge in the case at bar. “[T]he State argued that Morris’s invitation was ineffective to confer bona fide status upon Jason, either because Morris was a minor, or because a tenant’s right to invite a social guest is superseded by the Housing Authority’s right to exclude non-residents.” In re Jason Allen D., supra, 127 Md.App. at 480, 733 A.2d at 363.
The Court of Special Appeals in the Jason case, however, rejected the State’s argument, saying (127 Md.App. at 486, 733 A.2d at 366-367):
“In our view, the State has confused an actual or enforceable legal right with a bona fide claim of right. To be sure, the term ‘bona fide’ is not coextensive with an established legal right. On the continuum, a bona fide claim of right does not necessarily measure up to a valid claim of right. Thus, whether Jason’s cousin, a Sanger resident, could lawfully invite Jason to enter the Sanger property is beside the point, because Jason only needed a bona fide claim of right to enter the Sanger property.”
“Further, even if a minor’s right to invite guests to the housing complex does not match the lessee’s right, there was no evidence offered by the State to show that appellant knew or should have known that his cousin had neither authority, permission, nor the right to invite him to Sanger. Indeed, absent a sophisticated understanding by Jason of landlord-tenant rights or property rights, or knowledge that Morris had been prohibited by a parent or guardian or the lease itself from inviting Jason to visit him at Sanger, we do not see how Jason could have known that his cousin was unable to invite him lawfully to [the] Sanger property.”
[507]*507The Court of Special Appeals, after reviewing this Court’s opinion in Warfield v. State, supra, 315 Md. 474, 554 A.2d 1238, along with other authorities, concluded (127 Md.App. at 490, 733 A.2d at 369):
“Because the evidence showed that Jason had a bona fide claim of right, and his conduct was not wanton, the evidence was insufficient to support the finding of trespass under Art. 27, §§ 577.”
Another significant Court of Special Appeals’ opinion with regard to the mens rea required for criminal trespass is Green v. State, 119 Md.App. 547, 705 A.2d 133 (1998). In Green, after a discussion of this Court’s opinion in Warfield v. State, supra, 315 Md. 474, 554 A.2d 1238, the Court of Special Appeals stated (119 Md.App. at 560-561, 705 A.2d at 138):
“[Warfield] recognized that there are situations when a person intentionally enters the property of another, based on a reasonable belief that it is permissible to do so. In that circumstance, one is not necessarily criminally culpable, notwithstanding the actual intent to enter.
“In order to be guilty of criminal trespass, even when one intends to enter the property of another, the Warfield, Court made clear that one must be ‘aware of the fact that he is making an unwarranted intrusion.’
* * *
“Consequently, a defendant is not culpable if his ‘belief is reasonable, that is, a belief [that] is not reckless or negligent. ...’
“In the case subjudice, the issue of implied permission was clearly generated by the defense’s evidence. The defense contended that appellant reasonably believed he had permission to enter McDougald’s residence.”
The Court of Special Appeals in Green went on to summarize some of the evidence tending to show that the defendant reasonably believed that he had permission to enter the [508]*508property, namely that he previously was permitted to be on the property, that he had previously remained on the property for considerable periods, and that some of his possessions were on the property. Because the trial judge in Green had refused to instruct “the jury that it could not convict appellant unless he entered [the] dwelling ‘with an awareness that it was unwarranted — lacking authority, license, privilege, [or] invitation’ ” (119 Md.App. at 561, 705 A.2d at 139), the appellate court reversed the conviction and remanded the case for a new trial.
In the case at bar, if the trial judge had found that Antoine M. was “aware of the fact that he [was] making an unwarranted intrusion,” or was not a “ ‘trespasser who believe[d] that he [had] received an express or implied permission to enter’ ” the Keenes’ property on August 25, 2002 (Warfield, 315 Md. at 498-499, 554 A.2d at 1238), or lacked “an honest and reasonable belief’ that he was allowed on the property (Warfield, 315 Md. at 501, 554 A.2d at 1252), such finding may well have been supported by the evidence. Some of Mrs. Keene’s and some of Mr. Keene’s testimony may have supported a finding of the requisite mens rea. On the other hand, Mrs. Keene’s testimony concerning the number of times Antoine M. had been on the property, Mr. Keene’s testimony that Antoine M. was made “welcome,” and Antoine M.’s testimony that he was invited on the property by the Keenes’ daughter, that he was on the property on several occasions, that Mrs. Keene herself invited him into the home on some occasions, that Mrs. Keene had him wait for her daughter on the front porch at other times, and that Mrs. Keene gave him dinner, would have supported a finding that Antoine M. lacked the requisite mens rea for a criminal trespass.5
[509]*509The problem in the case is that the trial court made no finding regarding Antoine M.’s mens rea other than the statement that when Antoine M. received the notice, he “knew what the deal was.... ” Instead of making a factual finding concerning Antoine M.’s state of mind on August 26, 2002, based on all of the testimony, the trial court simply drew the “legal” conclusion that the Keenes’ daughter did not have “the authority” to give Antoine M. permission to be on the property and that the prior written notice “cannot be countermanded by a teenage daughter.”
While the teenage daughter may not, as a matter of property law, have been able to “countermand” the notice, that is not the appropriate standard for determining whether the trespass was “wanton” and whether the defendant had a “bona fide claim” that he was allowed on the Keenes’ property, within the meaning of the “wanton trespass” statute, former Art. 27, § 577. Under the Warfield, Jason, and Green cases, the proper legal standard is whether Antoine M. on August 26, 2002, had an honest and reasonable belief that he was allowed on the Keenes’ property.6
[510]*510“Ordinarily when a trial court’s judgment is grounded upon an erroneous standard, we vacate the order and remand the case for the trial judge to decide the matter using the proper standard.” In re Adoption/Guardianship No. 10935, [511]*511342 Md. 615, 630, 679 A.2d 530, 537 (1996), and cases there cited. Consequently, we shall remand this case to the Circuit Court for a new juvenile delinquency proceeding at which the court shall decide the case under the standard set forth in the Warfield case and its progeny.
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS VACATED AND CASE REMANDED TO THAT COURT WITH DIRECTIONS TO VACATE THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR WASHINGTON COUNTY AND REMAND THE CASE TO THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION. COSTS IN THIS COURT AND IN THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS TO BE PAID BY WASHINGTON COUNTY.
Dissenting Opinion by WILNER, J, which CATHELL, J., joins and HARRELL, J., joins in Part I only.