HWCC-Tunica, Inc. v. Jenkins

908 So. 2d 150, 2004 Miss. App. LEXIS 878, 2004 WL 1925795
CourtCourt of Appeals of Mississippi
DecidedAugust 31, 2004
DocketNo. 2003-CA-00267-COA
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 908 So. 2d 150 (HWCC-Tunica, Inc. v. Jenkins) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Mississippi primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
HWCC-Tunica, Inc. v. Jenkins, 908 So. 2d 150, 2004 Miss. App. LEXIS 878, 2004 WL 1925795 (Mich. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinion

LEE, J.,

for the Court.

¶ 1. Brenda Jenkins, a gambling enthusiast, slipped and fell down two stairs at the Hollywood Casino on September 19, 1998.1 Jenkins suffered a fractured ankle, and subsequently underwent surgery to repair and stabilize her ankle. Jenkins filed suit in Tunica County Circuit Court, alleging that Hollywood was negligent because the stairs were too narrow, that the carpet covering the stairs prevented her from negotiating the distance between the stairs and the floor, and that the stairs were poorly lit. The trial court submitted a special verdict form to the jury. Shortly after the jury convened, it returned with a verdict finding that both Hollywood and Jenkins were negligent, and assigning 100% fault to Jenkins. This verdict did not assign any damages to Jenkins.

¶ 2. The court orally instructed the jury as to how the form should be completed, and the jury reconvened. A few minutes later the jury returned with another verdict. This second attempt found that Hollywood was negligent and that Jenkins was not negligent. The jury found Hollywood to be 100% at fault and found that Jenkins was not at fault; however, the jury did not assign any damages against Hollywood. Once again, the court re-instructed the jury as to how the special verdict form should be returned, and the jury reconvened.

¶ 3. The final verdict found Hollywood negligent, and Jenkins not negligent. Hollywood was found to be 100% at fault, while Jenkins was found to be 0% at fault. The jury granted Jenkins $100,000 in damages against Hollywood.

¶ 4. Hollywood now appeals, citing nine assignments of error. Four of the nine assignments of error regard the substance of jury instruction P-5; therefore, those assignments will be addressed together. Finding that the trial court erred in its re-instruction of the jury, this Court reverses and remands for a new trial.

I. DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN REFUSING TO DIRECT A VERDICT OR IN NOT GRANTING A JNOV FOR HOLLYWOOD?

¶ 5. When reviewing a trial court’s decision to grant or deny a directed verdict, an appellate court considers the same standard of review that is employed in reviewing the denial of a judgment not[152]*152withstanding the verdict and a request for a peremptory instruction. Shelton v. State, 853 So.2d 1171, 1186(¶ 48) (Miss.2003). Each tests the legal sufficiency of the evidence presented to the trial court. Id. We properly review the ruling “on the last occasion the challenge was made in the trial court, when the circuit court overruled the JNOV.” Id. Further, the supreme court has stated:

[T]his Court will consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the appel-lee, giving that party the benefit of all favorable inference that may be reasonably drawn from the evidence. If the facts so considered point so overwhelmingly in favor of the appellant that reasonable men could not have arrived at a contrary verdict, we are required to reverse and render. On the other hand if there is substantial evidence in support of the verdict, that is, evidence of such quality and weight that reasonable and fair minded jurors in the exercise of impartial judgment might have reached different conclusions, affirmance is required. The above standards of review, however, are predicated on the fact that the trial judge applied the correct law.

Ala. Great S. R.R. Co. v. Lee, 826 So.2d 1232, 1235-36(1112) (Miss.2002). Furthermore, where a party requests a new trial and the trial court denies that request, we will reverse only if the denial amounts to an abuse of discretion. Id. at 1236(¶ 12).

¶ 6. Considering the evidence in a light most favorable to Jenkins, it is clear that reasonable jurors could have found Hollywood was negligent, either because the lighting in the area was poor, the steps presented a slippery surface, or the steps were too narrow to negotiate safely. Jenkins presented testimony that the steps and the surrounding area were poorly lit. Jenkins also presented testimony that the steps appeared narrow and were difficult to traverse. The facts and the testimony in this case are not so one-sided as to require that a reasonable jury reach a contrary decision. This assertion of error is without merit.

II. DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN GRANTING JURY INSTRUCTION P-5?

¶ 7. Hollywood argues that jury instruction P-5 contained a number of substantive errors. Hollywood argues (1) that the court erred in instructing the jury that a lack of carpet on the stairs was an element of negligence to be considered by the jury because there was insufficient proof to warrant such an instruction and this was an incorrect statement of the law; (2) that the court erred in instructing the jury that the narrowness of the steps was an element of negligence to be considered by the jury because there was insufficient proof to warrant such an instruction and this was an incorrect statement of the law; (3) the trial court erred in instructing the jury that it could return a verdict based on the dim lighting because there was insufficient evidence to warrant such an instruction and this was an incorrect statement of the law; (4) the trial court erred in giving instruction P-5 because this instruction was not supported by the evidence, was confusing, and was an incorrect statement of the law. Instruction P-5 provided as follows:

In the Circuit Court of Tunica County, Mississippi if you find by the preponderance of the evidence in this case that:
(1) The defendant was in control or possession of the casino as the owner or operator of the casino and;
(2) Brenda Jenkins was on the property in answer to an expressed or implied invitation of the defendant to do business or for their mutual advantage and
[153]*153(3) The defendant’s property in the casino and more particularly the lack of carpet [on] the steps and the steps were too narrow and the lighting was too dim [to] constitute a dangerous condition upon this property you shall find for [the] Plaintiff
However, if you believe that the plaintiff has failed to show any one of these elements, then your verdict shall be for the defendant.

¶ 8. Our standard of review for jury instructions is as follows:

[T]he instructions are to be read together as a whole, with no one instruction to be read alone or taken out of context. A defendant is entitled to have jury instructions given which present his theory of the case. However, the trial judge may also properly refuse the instructions if he finds them to incorrectly state the law or to repeat a theory fairly covered in another instruction or to be without proper foundation in the evidence of the case.

Howell v. State, 860 So.2d 704, 761 (V 203) (Miss.2003). Where a party fails to make a contemporaneous objection to a proposed jury instruction so that the trial court has an opportunity to cure the defect, we are procedurally barred from considering arguments that the trial court erred in submitting the instruction. Haggerty v. Foster, 838 So.2d 948, 954(¶8) (Miss.2002). Thus, failure to object constitutes a waiver of that assertion on appeal. Id. Hollywood did not object to the jury instruction as amended.

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Related

HWCC-Tunica, Inc. v. Jenkins
907 So. 2d 941 (Mississippi Supreme Court, 2005)
HWCC-Tunica, Inc. v. Brenda Jenkins
Mississippi Supreme Court, 2002

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Bluebook (online)
908 So. 2d 150, 2004 Miss. App. LEXIS 878, 2004 WL 1925795, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hwcc-tunica-inc-v-jenkins-missctapp-2004.