Horton v. State

985 A.2d 540, 412 Md. 1, 2009 Md. LEXIS 942
CourtCourt of Appeals of Maryland
DecidedDecember 21, 2009
Docket114, September Term, 2007
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 985 A.2d 540 (Horton v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Maryland primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Horton v. State, 985 A.2d 540, 412 Md. 1, 2009 Md. LEXIS 942 (Md. 2009).

Opinions

ELDRIDGE, J.

This is an action under Maryland Code (2001, 2008 Repl. Vol), § 8-201 of the Criminal Procedure Article, which grants a right to a person, who had been convicted of one or more specified serious crimes, to file in court “a petition for DNA testing of scientific identification evidence that the State possesses ... and that is related to the judgment of conviction.” § 8-201(b) of the Criminal Procedure Article.1 The present case was instituted in October 2006 when the petitioner-appellant, Tyrone Horton, filed a petition under § 8-201 for DNA testing of evidence related to his conviction in 1983 of [3]*3first degree rape and other crimes. The Circuit Court for Montgomery County denied the petition on the ground that the State did not possess DNA evidence related to Horton’s 1983 convictions. For reasons set forth in this opinion, we shall reverse the Circuit Court’s order denying the petition.

I.

Section 8-201 of the Criminal Procedure Article has been reviewed and applied by this Court in several recent opinions. See Gregg v. State, 409 Md. 698, 976 A.2d 999 (2009); Arey v. State, 400 Md. 491, 929 A.2d 501 (2007); Thompson v. State, 395 Md. 240, 909 A.2d 1035 (2006), and Blake v. State, 395 Md. 213, 909 A.2d 1020 (2006). Nevertheless, before setting out the relevant facts of this case, we shall again briefly review § 8-201 and this Court’s opinions applying the statute.

The current Maryland Code contains two complete versions of § 8-201. The first version was enacted by Ch. 418 of the Acts of 2001, and it was in effect from 2001 until January 1, 2009. The second version, enacted by Ch. 337 of the Acts of 2008, temporarily replaced the first version. It became effective January 1, 2009, and will remain in effect through December 31, 2013, at which time it “shall be abrogated and of no further force and effect.” Ch. 337 of the Acts of 2008, § 4, 2008 Laws of Maryland at 3254. Not only are there different complete versions of § 8-201, but the version in effect from 2001 until January 1, 2009, was amended on several occasions. For a detailed account of these changes in § 8-201, see Judge Barbera’s opinion for the Court in Gregg v. State, supra, 409 Md. at 708-712, 976 A.2d at 1004-1007, and Judge Raker’s opinions for the Court in Thompson v. State, supra, 395 Md. at 250-253, 257, 909 A.2d at 1041-1043, 1045-1046, and Blake v. State, supra, 395 Md. at 222-228, 909 A.2d at 1025-1029.

Under this Court’s holding in Gregg v. State, supra, 409 Md. 698, 976 A.2d 999, the provisions of § 8-201 that were in effect on October 18, 2006, when Horton filed his petition for DNA testing, govern the present case.2 References to [4]*4§ 8-201 in this opinion will be to the statutory provisions in effect on October 18, 2006.

As previously pointed out, § 8-201 grants to persons convicted of certain crimes a right to file a petition for DNA testing of scientific evidence related to the conviction. Subsections 8-201(b) and 8-201(c) provide as follows:

“(b) Filing of petition.—Notwithstanding any other law governing postconviction relief, a person who is convicted of a violation of § 2-201, § 2-204, § 2-207, or §§ 3-303 through 3-306 of the Criminal Law Article may file a petition for DNA testing of scientific identification evidence that the State possesses as provided in subsection (i) of this section and that is related to the judgment of conviction.
“(c) Findings requiring DNA testing.—Subject to subsection (d) of this section, a court shall order DNA testing if the court finds that:
(1) a reasonable probability exists that the DNA testing has the scientific potential to produce exculpatory or mitigating evidence relevant to a claim of wrongful conviction or sentencing; and
(2) the requested DNA test employs a method of testing generally accepted within the relevant scientific community.”

Pursuant to subsection (e) of § 8-201, a court may issue orders as “the court considers appropriate,” including the “release of biological evidence by a third party.” “If the results of the DNA testing are favorable to the petitioner, the court shall” open or reopen a postconviction proceeding. § 8-201(h)(2).

[5]*5Subsection (i) provides, inter alia, that the “State shall preserve scientific identification evidence that ... the State has reason to know contains DNA material” and that “is secured in connection with an offense described in subsection (b) of this section.” Subsection (i) further provides that the “State shall make the scientific identification evidence available to parties in the case under” mutually agreed terms. If an agreement cannot be reached, “the party requesting the testing may file an application in the circuit court that entered the judgment,” and the court is authorized to enter an order making the evidence available for testing. Subsection (j) allows the State to “dispose of scientific identification evidence” before the expiration of the incarcerated person’s sentence if the State notifies the incarcerated individual, his attorney, and the Office of the Public Defender, and no objection is timely filed. Subsection (j)(6) provides that an appeal from an order entered under § 8-201 shall be taken directly to the Court of Appeals.

Recent cases in this Court have dealt with the efforts which are required from the State in order to demonstrate that evidence requested for DNA testing is no longer available. Initially in Blake v. State, supra, 395 Md. at 223, 909 A.2d at 1026, the Court pointed out that § 8-201,

“as drafted, presumes that the evidence a petitioner requests to be tested in fact exists, and does not, on its face, contemplate circumstances where the evidence has been destroyed before the adoption of the statute, or where there is a factual dispute over the existence of DNA testing evidence.”

The Blake opinion, 395 Md. at 223, 909 A.2d at 1025, recognized that

“[n]one of [§ 8-201’s] subsections address expressly the procedures which must be followed when the State represents that the evidence no longer exists, or where there is a factual dispute over the existence of evidence a petitioner seeks to have tested.”

[6]*6In the absence of such statutory guidance, the Blake opinion considered a report entitled Post-Conviction DNA Testing: Recommendations for Handling Requests, prepared by the National Institute of Justice, National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence (referred to as the NIJ, Report) (http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffilesl/nij/177626.pdf). The report indicated that “ ‘[m]any times all parties believe that the evidence has been destroyed, when in fact it has not’ ” (Blake 395 Md. at 221, 909 A.2d at 1024). The Court in Blake quoted and highlighted the following admonition in the report (395 Md. at 221, 909 A.2d at 1024, emphasis in original):

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Horton v. State
985 A.2d 540 (Court of Appeals of Maryland, 2009)

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Bluebook (online)
985 A.2d 540, 412 Md. 1, 2009 Md. LEXIS 942, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/horton-v-state-md-2009.