FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
TENTH CIRCUIT September 24, 2018
Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court DANIEL LaRAYE HOLMAN,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v. No. 18-5033 (D.C. No. 4:14-CV-00696-JHP-FHM) JEORLD BRAGGS, Jr., Warden, (N.D. Oklahoma)
Respondent - Appellee.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY *
Before LUCERO, HARTZ, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Daniel Holman, an Oklahoma inmate appearing pro se, seeks a
certificate of appealability (“COA”) to challenge the district court’s dismissal of his
application for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254.1 For the following reasons, we deny a
COA and dismiss this appeal.
* This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and 10th Circuit Rule 32.1. 1 Because Mr. Holman appears pro se, we construe his filings liberally. See Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1201 n.2 (10th Cir. 2010). But we draw the line at taking “on the responsibility of serving as [his] attorney in constructing arguments and searching the record.” Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840 (10th Cir. 2005). BACKGROUND
On July 15, 2010, Mr. Holman and Derreon Carter entered Elizabeth Craig’s
apartment. Ms. Craig testified that she had just returned home from Taco Bell around
twenty seconds before the two men entered her apartment. Mr. Carter placed a cold,
sharp object against Ms. Craig’s neck and asked where she kept her money. Ms. Craig
pointed to her purse and Mr. Holman retrieved her purse and carried it around.
Mr. Carter then ordered Ms. Craig to take off her clothes and, when she resisted,
he tried to undress her. Ms. Craig told Mr. Carter to “Please, just let me get you my
money.” ROA at 385 (quoting Tr. III at 35–36). Mr. Carter allowed Ms. Craig to crawl to
her purse and she reached inside, pulled out a handgun, and fired multiple shots at
Mr. Carter and Mr. Holman. Upon hearing the gunshots, Ms. Craig’s boyfriend, Shannon
Chambers, woke up from the other room and began wrestling with Mr. Carter and
Mr. Holman. When she had a clear shot, Ms. Craig fired again at Mr. Carter and
Mr. Holman, hitting Mr. Carter in the back of the head and Mr. Holman in the forehead.
Mr. Carter died from his injuries.
Ms. Craig testified she did not know Mr. Carter or Mr. Holman and had never seen
either of them before they entered her apartment without her consent. However,
Mr. Holman testified Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig knew each other and that Ms. Craig fired
the gun after beginning to argue with Mr. Carter. Mr. Holman also testified he did not
have any weapons on him when he entered Ms. Craig’s apartment and had no intention of
robbing or sexually assaulting her.
2 The jury found Mr. Holman guilty of Felony Murder, Attempted Robbery with a
Dangerous Weapon, and Attempted First Degree Rape. Mr. Holman filed a motion for a
new trial, alleging he had newly discovered evidence showing Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig
knew each other. This evidence consisted of two witnesses claiming to have seen
Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig together on multiple instances, including one time in
Ms. Craig’s apartment. The state district court denied Mr. Holman’s motion because the
evidence came from people he knew before trial and therefore could have been
discovered prior to trial with due diligence.
Mr. Holman appealed to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (“OCCA”),
alleging ineffective assistance of trial counsel for (1) failing to adequately investigate the
relationship between Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig, (2) presenting an incoherent defense by
arguing Mr. Carter and Mr. Holman may have entered Ms. Craig’s apartment by mistake,
and (3) failing to impeach Ms. Craig’s testimony that the robbery started around twenty
seconds after she came home with an empty Taco Bell wrapper found in her apartment.
The OCCA remanded for an evidentiary hearing on the ineffective assistance of counsel
claims.
The state district court, applying Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984),
denied Mr. Holman’s ineffective assistance of counsel claims. As to the first claim, the
state district court concluded Mr. Holman’s trial counsel was not deficient because he
understood the importance of proving Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig had a relationship from
the beginning and undertook significant investigatory steps by hiring an electronic
investigator and having Mr. Holman and Mr. Holman’s friends and family search for
3 individuals who may be able to testify about that relationship. Additionally, the state
district court concluded Mr. Holman was not prejudiced even if trial counsel was
deficient because the two new witnesses had significant credibility problems.
The state district court also rejected Mr. Holman’s second and third arguments for
ineffective assistance of counsel. Recognizing “[s]trategic decisions are virtually
unassailable on appeal,” the state district court concluded the mistaken entry suggestion
did not fall below an objective standard of reasonableness. ROA at 186. Similarly, the
state district court found “the failure to cross-examine [Ms.] Craig about where she ate
part of her meal[] does not constitute such conduct.” Id. It also concluded neither of those
alleged errors was prejudicial.
The OCCA agreed with the state district court, concluding the court did not abuse
its discretion in its factual findings and correctly determined there was no ineffective
assistance of counsel. Mr. Holman challenged the OCCA’s decision in a petition for
habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The federal district court concluded
Mr. Holman was not entitled to relief under § 2254 because he was unable to show the
OCCA made an unreasonable determination of the facts or unreasonably applied federal
law. The federal district court also denied Mr. Holman a COA. Mr. Holman appealed this
decision, filed an application for a COA with this court, and filed a motion to proceed in
forma pauperis on appeal.
ANALYSIS
Because the federal district court declined to issue a COA, we lack jurisdiction to
consider the merits of any of Mr. Holman’s ineffective-assistance claims unless and until
4 we issue a COA of our own. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A); Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537
U.S. 322, 327 (2003). And we cannot issue a COA unless we are persuaded that Mr.
Holman “has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28
U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This standard is met only if Mr. Holman can demonstrate “that
reasonable jurists could debate whether . . . the petition should have been resolved in a
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FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
TENTH CIRCUIT September 24, 2018
Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court DANIEL LaRAYE HOLMAN,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v. No. 18-5033 (D.C. No. 4:14-CV-00696-JHP-FHM) JEORLD BRAGGS, Jr., Warden, (N.D. Oklahoma)
Respondent - Appellee.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY *
Before LUCERO, HARTZ, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Daniel Holman, an Oklahoma inmate appearing pro se, seeks a
certificate of appealability (“COA”) to challenge the district court’s dismissal of his
application for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254.1 For the following reasons, we deny a
COA and dismiss this appeal.
* This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and 10th Circuit Rule 32.1. 1 Because Mr. Holman appears pro se, we construe his filings liberally. See Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1201 n.2 (10th Cir. 2010). But we draw the line at taking “on the responsibility of serving as [his] attorney in constructing arguments and searching the record.” Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840 (10th Cir. 2005). BACKGROUND
On July 15, 2010, Mr. Holman and Derreon Carter entered Elizabeth Craig’s
apartment. Ms. Craig testified that she had just returned home from Taco Bell around
twenty seconds before the two men entered her apartment. Mr. Carter placed a cold,
sharp object against Ms. Craig’s neck and asked where she kept her money. Ms. Craig
pointed to her purse and Mr. Holman retrieved her purse and carried it around.
Mr. Carter then ordered Ms. Craig to take off her clothes and, when she resisted,
he tried to undress her. Ms. Craig told Mr. Carter to “Please, just let me get you my
money.” ROA at 385 (quoting Tr. III at 35–36). Mr. Carter allowed Ms. Craig to crawl to
her purse and she reached inside, pulled out a handgun, and fired multiple shots at
Mr. Carter and Mr. Holman. Upon hearing the gunshots, Ms. Craig’s boyfriend, Shannon
Chambers, woke up from the other room and began wrestling with Mr. Carter and
Mr. Holman. When she had a clear shot, Ms. Craig fired again at Mr. Carter and
Mr. Holman, hitting Mr. Carter in the back of the head and Mr. Holman in the forehead.
Mr. Carter died from his injuries.
Ms. Craig testified she did not know Mr. Carter or Mr. Holman and had never seen
either of them before they entered her apartment without her consent. However,
Mr. Holman testified Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig knew each other and that Ms. Craig fired
the gun after beginning to argue with Mr. Carter. Mr. Holman also testified he did not
have any weapons on him when he entered Ms. Craig’s apartment and had no intention of
robbing or sexually assaulting her.
2 The jury found Mr. Holman guilty of Felony Murder, Attempted Robbery with a
Dangerous Weapon, and Attempted First Degree Rape. Mr. Holman filed a motion for a
new trial, alleging he had newly discovered evidence showing Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig
knew each other. This evidence consisted of two witnesses claiming to have seen
Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig together on multiple instances, including one time in
Ms. Craig’s apartment. The state district court denied Mr. Holman’s motion because the
evidence came from people he knew before trial and therefore could have been
discovered prior to trial with due diligence.
Mr. Holman appealed to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (“OCCA”),
alleging ineffective assistance of trial counsel for (1) failing to adequately investigate the
relationship between Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig, (2) presenting an incoherent defense by
arguing Mr. Carter and Mr. Holman may have entered Ms. Craig’s apartment by mistake,
and (3) failing to impeach Ms. Craig’s testimony that the robbery started around twenty
seconds after she came home with an empty Taco Bell wrapper found in her apartment.
The OCCA remanded for an evidentiary hearing on the ineffective assistance of counsel
claims.
The state district court, applying Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984),
denied Mr. Holman’s ineffective assistance of counsel claims. As to the first claim, the
state district court concluded Mr. Holman’s trial counsel was not deficient because he
understood the importance of proving Mr. Carter and Ms. Craig had a relationship from
the beginning and undertook significant investigatory steps by hiring an electronic
investigator and having Mr. Holman and Mr. Holman’s friends and family search for
3 individuals who may be able to testify about that relationship. Additionally, the state
district court concluded Mr. Holman was not prejudiced even if trial counsel was
deficient because the two new witnesses had significant credibility problems.
The state district court also rejected Mr. Holman’s second and third arguments for
ineffective assistance of counsel. Recognizing “[s]trategic decisions are virtually
unassailable on appeal,” the state district court concluded the mistaken entry suggestion
did not fall below an objective standard of reasonableness. ROA at 186. Similarly, the
state district court found “the failure to cross-examine [Ms.] Craig about where she ate
part of her meal[] does not constitute such conduct.” Id. It also concluded neither of those
alleged errors was prejudicial.
The OCCA agreed with the state district court, concluding the court did not abuse
its discretion in its factual findings and correctly determined there was no ineffective
assistance of counsel. Mr. Holman challenged the OCCA’s decision in a petition for
habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The federal district court concluded
Mr. Holman was not entitled to relief under § 2254 because he was unable to show the
OCCA made an unreasonable determination of the facts or unreasonably applied federal
law. The federal district court also denied Mr. Holman a COA. Mr. Holman appealed this
decision, filed an application for a COA with this court, and filed a motion to proceed in
forma pauperis on appeal.
ANALYSIS
Because the federal district court declined to issue a COA, we lack jurisdiction to
consider the merits of any of Mr. Holman’s ineffective-assistance claims unless and until
4 we issue a COA of our own. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A); Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537
U.S. 322, 327 (2003). And we cannot issue a COA unless we are persuaded that Mr.
Holman “has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28
U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This standard is met only if Mr. Holman can demonstrate “that
reasonable jurists could debate whether . . . the petition should have been resolved in a
different manner or that the issues presented were ‘adequate to deserve encouragement to
proceed further.’” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (quoting Barefoot v.
Estelle, 463 U.S. 880, 894 (1983)). “AEDPA’s deferential treatment of state court
decisions must be incorporated into our consideration of a habeas petitioner’s request for
COA.” Dockins v. Hines, 374 F.3d 935, 938 (10th Cir. 2004).
If a state court decided a claim on the merits, a federal court cannot grant a writ of
habeas corpus unless the applicant shows that the state court’s adjudication of the claim
(1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States; or (2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.
28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). This “difficult to meet” standard requires a state prisoner to “show
that the state court’s ruling on the claim being presented in federal court was so lacking in
justification that there was an error well understood and comprehended in existing law
beyond any possibility for fairminded disagreement.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86,
102–03 (2011).
In order to establish a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must
show that “counsel’s performance was deficient” and that “the deficient performance
5 prejudiced the defense.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. Because an ineffective assistance of
counsel claim is a “general standard,” we undertake a “doubly deferential judicial
review” of the state court’s decision. Knowles v. Mirzayance, 556 U.S. 111, 123 (2009).
In his application for a COA, Mr. Holman summarily asserts he was denied
effective assistance of counsel but fails to provide any facts relating to his claim or
identify any error made by the federal district court. Mr. Holman does not attack the
federal district court’s conclusion that the OCCA’s application of Strickland was not
objectively unreasonable. Nor does he argue the OCCA made an unreasonable
determination of fact. Even when liberally construing his application, we conclude
Mr. Holman has failed to “demonstrate that reasonable jurists would find the district
court’s assessment of the constitutional claims debatable or wrong,” Slack, 529 U.S. at
484, and we therefore deny his application for a COA.
***
Mr. Holman also filed a motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. “In order
to succeed on his motion, an appellant must show a financial inability to pay the required
filing fees and the existence of a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in
support of the issues raised on appeal.” DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937 F.2d 502, 505
(10th Cir. 1991). Mr. Holman has not met this burden. Except for two conclusory
sentences generally alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, Mr. Holman failed to
provide any factual or legal arguments. He therefore has not shown the existence of a
reasoned, nonfrivolous argument to support his appeal. Accordingly, his motion for leave
to proceed in forma pauperis is denied.
6 CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated, we DENY Mr. Holman a COA and DISMISS this appeal.
His motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis is also DENIED.
Entered for the Court
Carolyn B. McHugh Circuit Judge