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5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 9 10 RONNIE LEE HICKS, II, CASE NO. 3:19-CV-5674-RJB-DWC 11 Plaintiff, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE OR 12 v. AMEND 13 PAUL PASTOR, et al., 14 Defendants. Plaintiff Ronnie Lee Hicks II, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed this civil 15 rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. On November 19, 2019, the Court stayed this case pending 16 Plaintiff’s interlocutory appeal to the Ninth Circuit. Dkt. 22. On November 27, 2019, the Ninth 17 Circuit granted Plaintiff’s Motion for Voluntary Dismissal of the Appeal. Dkts. 23, 24. On 18 December 2, 2019, Plaintiff filed a status report indicating he had withdrawn his appeal. Dkt. 25. 19 Because the Plaintiff has withdrawn his appeal and the Ninth Circuit has now made a 20 determination on Plaintiff’s Motion for Voluntary Dismissal of the Appeal, the Court now lifts 21 the stay. 22 Having reviewed and screened Plaintiff’s Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the Court 23 finds Plaintiff’s Complaint contains deficiencies such that the Court declines to serve it at this 24 1 time, but provides Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint by January 16, 2020 to cure the 2 deficiencies identified herein. 3 I. Order 4 II. Background
5 Plaintiffs Ronnie Lee Hicks II, Mathew Gant, and Mathew Renguul, initially filed this 6 Complaint under a single cause of action. Dkt. 15. Plaintiff Hicks filed the only Application to 7 Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”), which the Court granted. Dkts. 13, 14. The Court denied 8 Plaintiff Hicks’ Motion for Class Certification (Dkt. 16) without prejudice and dismissed 9 Plaintiffs Gant and Renguul from this action. Dkts. 17, 19. The Court now proceeds to screen the 10 Complaint as it pertains to Plaintiff Hicks (hereinafter “Plaintiff”), the remaining Plaintiff in this 11 matter. 12 III. Discussion 13 Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Court is required to screen 14 complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a governmental entity or officer or
15 employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court must “dismiss the 16 complaint, or any portion of the complaint, if the complaint: (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to 17 state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant 18 who is immune from such relief.” Id. at (b); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see Barren v. Harrington, 19 152 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 1998). 20 21 22 23
24 1 A. Severance 2 The Complaint was also signed by dismissed Plaintiffs Gant and Renguul. Dkts. 15, 17, 3 19. Thus, Plaintiff is ordered to file an amended complaint addressing only his individual claims 4 and not claims related to either Mathew Gant or Mathew Renguul.1
5 B. Grievances 6 Plaintiff alleges Defendants Finely, Winslow, Mastandrea, Slothower, Alexander, 7 Graham, Carolous, Allen, and Ake violated his constitutional rights by refusing to provide 8 grievance forms. Dkt. 15. Plaintiff alleges Defendant Jones denied Plaintiff’s appeal. Dkt. 15. 9 However, prisoners do not have a stand-alone due process rights related to the 10 administrative grievance process. See Mann v. Adams, 855 F.2d 639, 640 (9th Cir. 1988); 11 Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding there is no liberty interest 12 entitling prisoners to a specific grievance process). “Because there is no right to any particular 13 grievance process, it is impossible for due process to have been violated by ignoring or failing to 14 properly process grievances.” Grigsby v. Hubert, 2009 WL 1861172, *1 (E.D. Cal. June 29,
15 2009). Defendants Finely, Winslow, Mastandrea, Slothhower, Alexander, Graham, Carolous, 16 Allen, Ake, and Jones cannot be held liable for their actions related to Plaintiff’s requests for 17 grievances. Plaintiff is directed to show cause why these claims should not be dismissed. 18 B. Defendants Allen and Wade - Retaliation 19 Plaintiff alleges Defendants Allen and Wade threatened to sanction Plaintiff if Plaintiff 20 continued to use the grievance program and “wast[e] staff time.” Dkt. 15 at 18. Plaintiff alleges 21 he became afraid of asking for grievance forms and using the grievance program. Id. 22 23 1 For example, the only allegation in the Complaint related to Defendant Herbison is that Defendant Herbison refused to provide a grievance form for dismissed Plaintiff Gant. Dkt. 15. However, Plaintiff Gant has 24 been dismissed from this action. 1 To prevail on a retaliation claim, a plaintiff must allege and prove a defendant retaliated 2 against him for exercising a constitutional right and the retaliatory action did not advance 3 legitimate penological goals or was not narrowly tailored to achieve such goals. Hines v. Gomez, 4 108 F.3d 265, 267 (9th Cir. 1997). A prisoner suing a prison official under § 1983 for retaliation
5 for engaging in protected speech must allege “the type of activity he engaged in was protected 6 under the first amendment and that the state impermissibly infringed on his right to engage in the 7 protected activity.” Rizzo v. Dawson, 778 F.2d 527 (9th Cir. 1983). In order to establish a 8 retaliation claim, an inmate must show: (1) a state actor took some adverse action against the 9 inmate; (2) because the inmate engaged in constitutionally protected conduct; (3) the adverse 10 action chilled the inmate’s exercise of First Amendment rights; and (4) the adverse action did not 11 reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal. Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567–68 12 (9th Cir. 2005). 13 Here, for the purposes of a § 1915A screening, Plaintiff’s allegations are sufficient to 14 state a claim that Defendants Allen and Wade retaliated against him for exercising his right to
15 seek redress through the prison grievance system in violation of the First Amendment. However, 16 if Plaintiff elects to file an amended complaint, the amended complaint will act as a complete 17 substitute to the original Complaint, and therefore, Plaintiff must include all claims against 18 Defendants Allen and Wade in the amended complaint. 19 C. Defendant Pastor 20 Plaintiff alleges Defendant Pastor, the Pierce County Sheriff, knew, or should have 21 known, Pierce County Jail staff “have a blanket policy to deny inmates grievance forms.” Dkt. 22 15 at 12. Plaintiff alleges Defendant Pastor failed to properly train his staff to provide grievance 23 forms. Id.
24 1 A § 1983 suit cannot be based on vicarious liability alone, but must allege the defendant’s 2 own conduct violated the plaintiff’s civil rights. City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 385-90 3 (1989). However, a plaintiff may state a supervisor liability claim against a supervisor for 4 deliberate indifference “based upon the supervisor’s knowledge of and acquiescence in
5 unconstitutional conduct by his or her subordinates.” Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1207 (9th 6 Cir. 2011).
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5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 9 10 RONNIE LEE HICKS, II, CASE NO. 3:19-CV-5674-RJB-DWC 11 Plaintiff, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE OR 12 v. AMEND 13 PAUL PASTOR, et al., 14 Defendants. Plaintiff Ronnie Lee Hicks II, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed this civil 15 rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. On November 19, 2019, the Court stayed this case pending 16 Plaintiff’s interlocutory appeal to the Ninth Circuit. Dkt. 22. On November 27, 2019, the Ninth 17 Circuit granted Plaintiff’s Motion for Voluntary Dismissal of the Appeal. Dkts. 23, 24. On 18 December 2, 2019, Plaintiff filed a status report indicating he had withdrawn his appeal. Dkt. 25. 19 Because the Plaintiff has withdrawn his appeal and the Ninth Circuit has now made a 20 determination on Plaintiff’s Motion for Voluntary Dismissal of the Appeal, the Court now lifts 21 the stay. 22 Having reviewed and screened Plaintiff’s Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the Court 23 finds Plaintiff’s Complaint contains deficiencies such that the Court declines to serve it at this 24 1 time, but provides Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint by January 16, 2020 to cure the 2 deficiencies identified herein. 3 I. Order 4 II. Background
5 Plaintiffs Ronnie Lee Hicks II, Mathew Gant, and Mathew Renguul, initially filed this 6 Complaint under a single cause of action. Dkt. 15. Plaintiff Hicks filed the only Application to 7 Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”), which the Court granted. Dkts. 13, 14. The Court denied 8 Plaintiff Hicks’ Motion for Class Certification (Dkt. 16) without prejudice and dismissed 9 Plaintiffs Gant and Renguul from this action. Dkts. 17, 19. The Court now proceeds to screen the 10 Complaint as it pertains to Plaintiff Hicks (hereinafter “Plaintiff”), the remaining Plaintiff in this 11 matter. 12 III. Discussion 13 Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Court is required to screen 14 complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a governmental entity or officer or
15 employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court must “dismiss the 16 complaint, or any portion of the complaint, if the complaint: (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to 17 state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant 18 who is immune from such relief.” Id. at (b); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see Barren v. Harrington, 19 152 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 1998). 20 21 22 23
24 1 A. Severance 2 The Complaint was also signed by dismissed Plaintiffs Gant and Renguul. Dkts. 15, 17, 3 19. Thus, Plaintiff is ordered to file an amended complaint addressing only his individual claims 4 and not claims related to either Mathew Gant or Mathew Renguul.1
5 B. Grievances 6 Plaintiff alleges Defendants Finely, Winslow, Mastandrea, Slothower, Alexander, 7 Graham, Carolous, Allen, and Ake violated his constitutional rights by refusing to provide 8 grievance forms. Dkt. 15. Plaintiff alleges Defendant Jones denied Plaintiff’s appeal. Dkt. 15. 9 However, prisoners do not have a stand-alone due process rights related to the 10 administrative grievance process. See Mann v. Adams, 855 F.2d 639, 640 (9th Cir. 1988); 11 Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding there is no liberty interest 12 entitling prisoners to a specific grievance process). “Because there is no right to any particular 13 grievance process, it is impossible for due process to have been violated by ignoring or failing to 14 properly process grievances.” Grigsby v. Hubert, 2009 WL 1861172, *1 (E.D. Cal. June 29,
15 2009). Defendants Finely, Winslow, Mastandrea, Slothhower, Alexander, Graham, Carolous, 16 Allen, Ake, and Jones cannot be held liable for their actions related to Plaintiff’s requests for 17 grievances. Plaintiff is directed to show cause why these claims should not be dismissed. 18 B. Defendants Allen and Wade - Retaliation 19 Plaintiff alleges Defendants Allen and Wade threatened to sanction Plaintiff if Plaintiff 20 continued to use the grievance program and “wast[e] staff time.” Dkt. 15 at 18. Plaintiff alleges 21 he became afraid of asking for grievance forms and using the grievance program. Id. 22 23 1 For example, the only allegation in the Complaint related to Defendant Herbison is that Defendant Herbison refused to provide a grievance form for dismissed Plaintiff Gant. Dkt. 15. However, Plaintiff Gant has 24 been dismissed from this action. 1 To prevail on a retaliation claim, a plaintiff must allege and prove a defendant retaliated 2 against him for exercising a constitutional right and the retaliatory action did not advance 3 legitimate penological goals or was not narrowly tailored to achieve such goals. Hines v. Gomez, 4 108 F.3d 265, 267 (9th Cir. 1997). A prisoner suing a prison official under § 1983 for retaliation
5 for engaging in protected speech must allege “the type of activity he engaged in was protected 6 under the first amendment and that the state impermissibly infringed on his right to engage in the 7 protected activity.” Rizzo v. Dawson, 778 F.2d 527 (9th Cir. 1983). In order to establish a 8 retaliation claim, an inmate must show: (1) a state actor took some adverse action against the 9 inmate; (2) because the inmate engaged in constitutionally protected conduct; (3) the adverse 10 action chilled the inmate’s exercise of First Amendment rights; and (4) the adverse action did not 11 reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal. Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567–68 12 (9th Cir. 2005). 13 Here, for the purposes of a § 1915A screening, Plaintiff’s allegations are sufficient to 14 state a claim that Defendants Allen and Wade retaliated against him for exercising his right to
15 seek redress through the prison grievance system in violation of the First Amendment. However, 16 if Plaintiff elects to file an amended complaint, the amended complaint will act as a complete 17 substitute to the original Complaint, and therefore, Plaintiff must include all claims against 18 Defendants Allen and Wade in the amended complaint. 19 C. Defendant Pastor 20 Plaintiff alleges Defendant Pastor, the Pierce County Sheriff, knew, or should have 21 known, Pierce County Jail staff “have a blanket policy to deny inmates grievance forms.” Dkt. 22 15 at 12. Plaintiff alleges Defendant Pastor failed to properly train his staff to provide grievance 23 forms. Id.
24 1 A § 1983 suit cannot be based on vicarious liability alone, but must allege the defendant’s 2 own conduct violated the plaintiff’s civil rights. City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 385-90 3 (1989). However, a plaintiff may state a supervisor liability claim against a supervisor for 4 deliberate indifference “based upon the supervisor’s knowledge of and acquiescence in
5 unconstitutional conduct by his or her subordinates.” Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1207 (9th 6 Cir. 2011). A supervisor is only liable for the constitutional violations of his or her subordinates 7 if (1) the supervisor participated in or directed the violations; or (2) knew of the violations and 8 failed to act to prevent them. Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). 9 To impose supervisory liability for failure to train, the supervisor must have been 10 “deliberately indifferent” to the need for “more or different training.” Clement v. Gomez, 198 11 F.3d 898, 905 (9th Cir. 2002). A plaintiff alleging a failure to train claim must show: (1) he was 12 deprived of a constitutional right, (2) the defendant had a training policy that “amounts to 13 deliberate indifference to the [constitutional] rights of the persons’ with whom [his employees] 14 are likely to come into contact;” and (3) his constitutional injury would have been avoided had
15 the defendant properly trained those employees. See Blankenhorn v. City of Orange, 485 F.3d 16 463, 484 (9th Cir. 2007); Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 681 (9th Cir. 2001). 17 Here, Plaintiff alleges Defendant Pastor failed to train and supervise jail staff under his 18 command, but Plaintiff does not allege Defendant Pastor knew of, participated in, or directed any 19 alleged constitutional violations. Dkt. 15 at 12. As noted above, standing alone, the failure to 20 provide grievance forms is not sufficient to support a constitutional violation. See Ramirez, 334 21 F.3d at 860. 22 Further, there are no factual assertions showing there was a training policy in place which 23 amounted to deliberate indifference. Id. Plaintiff does not assert there was a need for more or
24 1 different training, and the Complaint contains no allegations Defendant Pastor was deliberately 2 indifferent to a need for more training. For example, Plaintiff has not alleged there is a pattern of 3 constitutional violations under Defendant Pastor’s command. See Flores v. County of Los 4 Angeles, 758 F.3d 1154, 1159 (9th Cir. 2014) (“pattern of similar constitutional violations by
5 untrained employees is ordinarily necessary to demonstrate deliberate indifference for purposes 6 of failure to train”). The Court also notes Plaintiff does not allege Defendant Pastor had any 7 responsibility for training and supervising Defendants Wade and Allen with respect to the 8 alleged retaliation claims. See Dkt. 15. 9 Plaintiff is directed to show cause why these claims against Defendant Pastor should not 10 be dismissed. 11 IV. Instructions to Plaintiff and Clerk 12 If Plaintiff intends to pursue a § 1983 civil rights action in this Court, he must file an 13 amended complaint and within the amended complaint, he must write a short, plain statement 14 telling the Court: (1) the constitutional right Plaintiff believes was violated; (2) the name of the
15 person who violated the right; (3) exactly what the individual did or failed to do; (4) how the 16 action or inaction of the individual is connected to the violation of Plaintiff’s constitutional 17 rights; and (5) what specific injury Plaintiff suffered because of the individual’s conduct. See 18 Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 371–72, 377 (1976). 19 Plaintiff shall present the amended complaint on the form provided by the Court. The 20 amended complaint must be legibly rewritten or retyped in its entirety, it should be an original 21 and not a copy, it should contain the same case number, and it may not incorporate any part of 22 the previous complaints by reference. The amended complaint will act as a complete substitute 23 for the Original Complaint, and not as a supplement. The Court will screen the amended
24 1 complaint to determine whether it contains factual allegations linking each defendant to the 2 alleged violations of Plaintiff’s rights. The Court will not authorize service of the amended 3 complaint on any defendant who is not specifically linked to a violation of Plaintiff’s rights. 4 If Plaintiff fails to file an amended complaint or fails to adequately address the issues
5 raised herein on or before January 16, 2020, the undersigned will recommend dismissal of this 6 action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. 7 The Clerk is directed to provide Plaintiff with the appropriate forms for filing a 42 U.S.C. 8 § 1983 civil rights complaint and for service. The Clerk is further directed to send copies of this 9 Order and Pro Se Instruction Sheet to Plaintiff. 10 Dated this 16th day of December, 2019. 11 A 12 David W. Christel United States Magistrate Judge 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24