Heck v. Zoning Hearing Board

397 A.2d 15, 39 Pa. Commw. 570, 1979 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1180
CourtCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedJanuary 8, 1979
DocketAppeal, No. 1924 C.D. 1977
StatusPublished
Cited by49 cases

This text of 397 A.2d 15 (Heck v. Zoning Hearing Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Heck v. Zoning Hearing Board, 397 A.2d 15, 39 Pa. Commw. 570, 1979 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1180 (Pa. Ct. App. 1979).

Opinion

Opinion by

Judge Blatt,

Thomas Heck (appellant) has appealed to this Court from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County, which affirmed the denial of his application for a special exception by the Zoning Hearing Board of Harveys Lake Borough (Board).

The appellant owns a parcel of shoreline property in the borough of Harveys Lake zoned S-l. On the property is a one-story structure containing a storage/ entertainment area and having a height of approximately eight feet, which is approximately two feet above the level of the adjacent road. The appellant proposes to erect a second-floor game room on top of this structure, which would make the height of the structure approximately seventeen feet, or approximately eleven and one-half feet above the adjacent road level. Because the maximum height permitted in a district zoned S-l is one story or twelve feet, he sought a special exception under Section 4.220 of the Harveys Lake Borough Ordinance (Ordinance), which provides in part:

In any district other than the R-l or R-2 Districts, a building may be permitted to exceed the height limit of the district where it is to be located, and be erected up to a height of not more than 6 stories or 75 feet, whichever is [573]*573less, provided that it can he shown that adequate fire protection will be available, and that such modification shall be approved by the Zoning Hearing Board upon the review and approval of the Planning Commission only in accordance with the procedures established for the approval of a Special Exception.

The Board denied the exception because (1) it determined that Section 4.220 was not applicable to the S-l district, and (2) it found that the special exception would be against the best interests and welfare of the community. The Court of Common Pleas sustained the position and reasoning of the Board, and this appeal followed.

Initially we note that the lower court took no additional evidence, and our scope of review, therefore, is limited to determining whether or not the zoning board abused its discretion, committed an error of law, or made findings not supported by substantial evidence in the record. McCarron v. Zoning Hearing Board, 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 309, 389 A.2d 1227 (1978).

The first issue raised is whether or not the Board was correct in its ruling that Section 4.220 of the Ordinance is not applicable in the S-1 district. The Board’s position is that Section 4.220 is rendered inapplicable here by Section 2.400, which provides as follows:

a. Those uses permitted in a S-l Zone are the most restrictive.
b. All other uses are less restrictive in the order they are permitted in the zones in the sequence shown: S-1R, R-1, R-1 A, R-2, R-3, C-1, C-2, C-3 and M-1.
c. Where a use is specifically enumerated in a less restrictive zone, such use shall not be permitted in a more restrictive zone unless it [574]*574is specifically enumerated as a permitted use therein.

Because height exceptions are permitted uses in districts less restrictive than R-1 and R-2, the Board argues, they cannot be a permitted use in the most restrictive district, S-l, unless they are “specifically enumerated as a use therein.” In fact, the schedule for the 8-1 district does not indicate that height exceptions are permitted uses; therefore, the Board concludes, height exceptions are not allowed in the S-l district. With this reasoning we cannot agree.

The language of Section 4.220 is clear that, except in R-l or R-2 districts, a building may exceed height limitations, provided that the specified procedure is followed. Also, under Section 1933 of the Statutory Construction Act of 1972 (Act), 1 Pa. C.S. §1933,1 specific provisions control over general ones, and here Section 4.220 is more specific. In addition, under Section 1934 of the Act, 1 Pa. C.S. §1934, when two clauses in the same statute are irreconcilable the later in order of date or position prevails. Again Section 4.220 of the Ordinance controls because it is later in position. Finally, we note that an ambiguity or conflict in a zoning ordinance should be resolved in favor of the landowner. See Desousa v. Zoning Hearing Board, 19 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 367, 339 A.2d 650 (1975); Warminster Township v. Kessler, 16 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 67, 329 A.2d 316 (1974). See also R. Ryan, Pennsylvania Zoning Law and Practice §§4.2.4 and 4.2.5 (1970). We are not unsympathetic to the Board’s argument that the appellant’s interpretation would permit six-story or 75-foot structures in the S-1 shoreline district; however, the remedy for this [575]*575situation lies in amending the Ordinance rather than in accepting the Board’s tenuous interpretation of it.

The second issue raised is whether or not the proposed special exception would he against the best interests and welfare of the community. At the outset we note that a special exception is not an exception to a zoning ordinance but a use which is permitted unless, under the circumstances, such use would adversely affect the community, Brunner v. Zoning Hearing Board, 12 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 109, 315 A.2d 359 (1974), and once an applicant for a special .exception proves that the proposed use is a permitted one the burden falls upon a protestan! to prove that the use would constitute a detriment to public health, safety, or welfare, Copeechan Fish and Game Club v. Zoning Hearing Board, 32 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 415, 378 A.2d 1303 (1977). In the instant case the Board’s conclusion that the requested special exception would be against the best interests and welfare of the community was based on the following three findings:

a. The Board has determined that the petitioner intends to- use the addition as living quarters and a dwelling — a use which is not permitted by the ordinance (See Article III, Schedule III — Principle [sic] Use);
b. There is inadequate parking for the expanded use;
c. The view of the lake will be reduced by erecting this addition.

The appellant argues that the first finding is unsupported by the evidence because he repeatedly stated during the hearing before the Board that his intention was not to use the structure as living quarters. The Board justified its finding by citing several other statements by the appellant which it contends indicate or imply that the structure would be used as [576]*576living quarters overnight.2 We think however, that the statements were at best ambiguous and that the circumstances here are close to those in DeChristoforo v. Philadelphia Zoning Board of Adjustment, 427 Pa. 150, 233 A.2d 561

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Bluebook (online)
397 A.2d 15, 39 Pa. Commw. 570, 1979 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1180, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/heck-v-zoning-hearing-board-pacommwct-1979.