1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CYMEYON HILL, No. 2:20-cv-00963-TLN-CKD P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. ORDER AND 14 RALPH M. DIAZ, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Respondent. 16 17 On April 27, 2020, petitioner filed an application for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 18 U.S.C. § 2254.1 ECF No. 1. However, before the court could review the petition to determine if 19 an answer was required, petitioner filed an amended civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 20 § 1983. See Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases. The undersigned has reviewed the 21 contents of petitioner’s amended pleading and recommends that this habeas corpus case be 22 dismissed without prejudice to refiling as a civil rights action. 23 As an initial matter, examination of petitioner’s in forma pauperis application reveals that 24 he is able to afford the costs of this suit. Accordingly, petitioner’s motions to proceed in forma 25 pauperis will be denied. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). 26 ///// 27 1 The filing date was calculated using the prison mailbox rule. See Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 28 266 (1988). 1 I. Factual and Procedural Background 2 Petitioner is a civil detainee currently confined at Salinas Valley State Prison. ECF No. 1. 3 He initiated the present habeas corpus action seeking his release from CDCR custody and his 4 discharge from an indeterminate civil commitment following his 1997 plea of not guilty by 5 reason of insanity to criminal charges in the Sacramento County Superior Court. ECF No. 1 at 1. 6 However, the amended pleading he filed on May 14, 2020 was completed on the form for filing a 7 civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. ECF No. 4. This amended pleading 8 supersedes petitioner’s original habeas corpus petition. See Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th 9 Cir. 1967). Therefore, the court will proceed to review petitioner’s amended pleading according 10 to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases. 11 In the amended pleading, petitioner identifies Ralph Diaz, the Secretary of the CDCR, and 12 Kathleen Allison, the Under Secretary of California State Prison-Sacramento (“CSP-Sac”), where 13 the alleged violations of federal law occurred, as defendants. ECF No. 4 at 1-2. He alleges that 14 he was transferred to CSP-Sac on May 14, 2020 where he is being detained in prison conditions 15 that are much worse than a state hospital. ECF No. 4 at 3. Petitioner does not specify what those 16 more restrictive conditions are. By way of relief, petitioner seeks monetary damages and to be 17 transferred to a different facility out of CDCR custody where conditions will be less harsh. ECF 18 No. 4 at 4. 19 II. Legal Standards 20 The Ninth Circuit has held that habeas petitions challenging state civil commitment 21 proceedings are governed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 22 (“AEDPA”). See Seeboth v. Allenby, 789 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2015) (describing California civil 23 commitment statutes in the context of a federal habeas challenge). However, in order to state a 24 cognizable habeas claim, petitioner must allege that the state court judgment was “contrary to, or 25 involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the 26 Supreme Court of the United States,” or “was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts 27 in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)-(2). A 28 state-court decision is contrary to federal law if the state court applies a rule that contradicts 1 controlling Supreme Court authority or “if the state court confronts a set of facts that are 2 materially indistinguishable from a decision” of the Supreme Court, but nevertheless arrives at a 3 different result. Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 406 (2000). 4 III. Analysis 5 Based on the allegations in petitioner’s amended pleading, it appears to the court that he is 6 not challenging the state court’s civil commitment order. Rather, petitioner appears to be 7 challenging his conditions of confinement while housed as a civil detainee at CSP-Sac. If the 8 court has accurately construed petitioner’s claims, the proper procedural vehicle for challenging 9 his prison conditions is a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and not the present 10 habeas corpus action. While petitioner has apparently reached this same conclusion, this action 11 was originally filed and opened as a habeas corpus petition. 12 This court has the discretion to construe petitioner's claims as a civil rights complaint 13 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.2 See Wilwording v. Swenson, 404 U.S. 249, 251 (1971) (district 14 courts have discretion to construe a habeas petition attacking conditions of confinement as a 15 complaint under section 1983 despite deliberate choice by petitioner to proceed on habeas), 16 superseded by statute on other grounds as recognized in Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 84 17 (2006). However, as a practical matter, provisions of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 18 (“PLRA”) complicate a court’s decision to recharacterize a habeas petition as a civil rights 19 complaint. Due to the PLRA's filing fee requirements, its provisions requiring sua sponte 20 screening of complaints, and its limits on the number of actions a prisoner may be permitted to 21 2 Even if the court were inclined to construe this habeas action as a civil rights case, petitioner 22 would still be required to allege with at least some degree of particularity what overt acts 23 defendants engaged in that support his claim for relief. See Jones v. Community Redev. Agency, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984). The allegations in petitioner’s amended pleading do not 24 challenge any specific prison condition and therefore are not sufficient to allege a Fourteenth Amendment challenge to his conditions of confinement. See Batten v. Shasta County Bd. of 25 Supervisors, 489 Fed. Appx. 174 (9th Cir. 2012) (unpublished); Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 932 (9th Cir. 2004) (analyzing conditions of confinement for civil detainees under the Fourteenth 26 Amendment and stating that civil detainees may be subject to “[l]egitimate, non-punitive 27 government interests” such as “maintaining jail security, and effective management of [the] detention facility.”), overruled on other grounds by Peralta v. Dillard, 744 F.3d 1076, 1083 (9th 28 Cir. 2014). 1 file in forma pauperis, a prisoner should not be obligated to proceed with a civil rights action 2 unless he or she clearly expresses a desire to do so. See 28 U.S.C.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CYMEYON HILL, No. 2:20-cv-00963-TLN-CKD P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. ORDER AND 14 RALPH M. DIAZ, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Respondent. 16 17 On April 27, 2020, petitioner filed an application for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 18 U.S.C. § 2254.1 ECF No. 1. However, before the court could review the petition to determine if 19 an answer was required, petitioner filed an amended civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 20 § 1983. See Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases. The undersigned has reviewed the 21 contents of petitioner’s amended pleading and recommends that this habeas corpus case be 22 dismissed without prejudice to refiling as a civil rights action. 23 As an initial matter, examination of petitioner’s in forma pauperis application reveals that 24 he is able to afford the costs of this suit. Accordingly, petitioner’s motions to proceed in forma 25 pauperis will be denied. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). 26 ///// 27 1 The filing date was calculated using the prison mailbox rule. See Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 28 266 (1988). 1 I. Factual and Procedural Background 2 Petitioner is a civil detainee currently confined at Salinas Valley State Prison. ECF No. 1. 3 He initiated the present habeas corpus action seeking his release from CDCR custody and his 4 discharge from an indeterminate civil commitment following his 1997 plea of not guilty by 5 reason of insanity to criminal charges in the Sacramento County Superior Court. ECF No. 1 at 1. 6 However, the amended pleading he filed on May 14, 2020 was completed on the form for filing a 7 civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. ECF No. 4. This amended pleading 8 supersedes petitioner’s original habeas corpus petition. See Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th 9 Cir. 1967). Therefore, the court will proceed to review petitioner’s amended pleading according 10 to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases. 11 In the amended pleading, petitioner identifies Ralph Diaz, the Secretary of the CDCR, and 12 Kathleen Allison, the Under Secretary of California State Prison-Sacramento (“CSP-Sac”), where 13 the alleged violations of federal law occurred, as defendants. ECF No. 4 at 1-2. He alleges that 14 he was transferred to CSP-Sac on May 14, 2020 where he is being detained in prison conditions 15 that are much worse than a state hospital. ECF No. 4 at 3. Petitioner does not specify what those 16 more restrictive conditions are. By way of relief, petitioner seeks monetary damages and to be 17 transferred to a different facility out of CDCR custody where conditions will be less harsh. ECF 18 No. 4 at 4. 19 II. Legal Standards 20 The Ninth Circuit has held that habeas petitions challenging state civil commitment 21 proceedings are governed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 22 (“AEDPA”). See Seeboth v. Allenby, 789 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2015) (describing California civil 23 commitment statutes in the context of a federal habeas challenge). However, in order to state a 24 cognizable habeas claim, petitioner must allege that the state court judgment was “contrary to, or 25 involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the 26 Supreme Court of the United States,” or “was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts 27 in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)-(2). A 28 state-court decision is contrary to federal law if the state court applies a rule that contradicts 1 controlling Supreme Court authority or “if the state court confronts a set of facts that are 2 materially indistinguishable from a decision” of the Supreme Court, but nevertheless arrives at a 3 different result. Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 406 (2000). 4 III. Analysis 5 Based on the allegations in petitioner’s amended pleading, it appears to the court that he is 6 not challenging the state court’s civil commitment order. Rather, petitioner appears to be 7 challenging his conditions of confinement while housed as a civil detainee at CSP-Sac. If the 8 court has accurately construed petitioner’s claims, the proper procedural vehicle for challenging 9 his prison conditions is a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and not the present 10 habeas corpus action. While petitioner has apparently reached this same conclusion, this action 11 was originally filed and opened as a habeas corpus petition. 12 This court has the discretion to construe petitioner's claims as a civil rights complaint 13 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.2 See Wilwording v. Swenson, 404 U.S. 249, 251 (1971) (district 14 courts have discretion to construe a habeas petition attacking conditions of confinement as a 15 complaint under section 1983 despite deliberate choice by petitioner to proceed on habeas), 16 superseded by statute on other grounds as recognized in Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 84 17 (2006). However, as a practical matter, provisions of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 18 (“PLRA”) complicate a court’s decision to recharacterize a habeas petition as a civil rights 19 complaint. Due to the PLRA's filing fee requirements, its provisions requiring sua sponte 20 screening of complaints, and its limits on the number of actions a prisoner may be permitted to 21 2 Even if the court were inclined to construe this habeas action as a civil rights case, petitioner 22 would still be required to allege with at least some degree of particularity what overt acts 23 defendants engaged in that support his claim for relief. See Jones v. Community Redev. Agency, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984). The allegations in petitioner’s amended pleading do not 24 challenge any specific prison condition and therefore are not sufficient to allege a Fourteenth Amendment challenge to his conditions of confinement. See Batten v. Shasta County Bd. of 25 Supervisors, 489 Fed. Appx. 174 (9th Cir. 2012) (unpublished); Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 932 (9th Cir. 2004) (analyzing conditions of confinement for civil detainees under the Fourteenth 26 Amendment and stating that civil detainees may be subject to “[l]egitimate, non-punitive 27 government interests” such as “maintaining jail security, and effective management of [the] detention facility.”), overruled on other grounds by Peralta v. Dillard, 744 F.3d 1076, 1083 (9th 28 Cir. 2014). 1 file in forma pauperis, a prisoner should not be obligated to proceed with a civil rights action 2 unless he or she clearly expresses a desire to do so. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915 & 1915A; 42 U.S.C. § 3 1997e; Nettles v. Grounds, 830 F.3d at 936 (holding that “a district court may construe a petition 4 for habeas corpus to plead a cause of action under § 1983 after notifying and obtaining informed 5 consent from the prisoner”). Thus, in light of the PLRA’s additional requirements, the court will 6 not recharacterize the instant habeas corpus proceeding as a federal civil rights action. Instead, 7 the undersigned recommends that the habeas corpus petition be dismissed without prejudice to the 8 filing of a civil rights complaint. 9 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that petitioner’s motions to proceed in forma 10 pauperis (ECF Nos. 5, 10) are denied as he has more than sufficient funds in his prison trust 11 account to pay the $5.00 filing fee in this matter. 12 IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that petitioner’s application for a writ of habeas 13 corpus be dismissed without prejudice to filing a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 complaint. 14 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 15 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days 16 after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 17 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 18 “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” In his objections petitioner 19 may address whether a certificate of appealability should issue in the event he files an appeal of 20 the judgment in this case. See Rule 11, Federal Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases (the district 21 court must issue or deny a certificate of appealability when it enters a final order adverse to the 22 applicant). A certificate of appealability may issue under 28 U.S.C. § 2253 “only if the applicant 23 has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(3). 24 Any response to the objections shall be served and filed within fourteen days after service of the 25 ///// 26 ///// 27 ///// 28 ///// 1 | objections. The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 2 || waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 3 1991). 4 | Dated: February 18, 2021 Pee a4 if / /, CAN fu fl. ay > CAROLYN K. DELANEY 6 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 7 8 9 10 11 12 12/m110963 noncognizable.docx 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28