1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DAVID GLOVER, No. 2:18-cv-02816-DB P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. ORDER AND 14 CDCR AT CHCF, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Respondent. 16 17 18 Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, has filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus 19 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, together with a request to proceed in forma pauperis. 20 Examination of the affidavit reveals petitioner is unable to afford the costs of this action. 21 Accordingly, leave to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). 22 Pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases, a district court may 23 summarily dismiss a § 2254 petition before the respondent files an answer “[i]f it plainly appears 24 from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district 25 court.” 26 At issue in this case is petitioner’s pursuit of the removal of an erroneous “R suffix” that 27 was placed in his Central File and that he claims has affected his programming ability and the 28 1 availability of certain job assignments. He initially tried to have it removed by complying with 2 institutional regulations for corrections to his record and then by submitting an inmate grievance. 3 When those efforts proved futile, he submitted a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the San 4 Joaquin County Superior Court, Case No. STK-CR-FMISC-2017-007284. That petition was 5 denied on July 17, 2017, because it involved a conditions of confinement claim and because 6 petitioner did not pay the filing fee. Pet. Ex. D. It was then denied on October 26, 2017, at the 7 California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, for failure to exhaust administrative 8 remedies. Id. Ex. E. Finally, it was denied at the California Supreme Court on May 23, 2018, for, 9 inter alia, failure to exhaust. Id. Ex. F. 10 In the instant petition, petitioner claims the institution misapplied its own regulations 11 regarding removal of the suffix, that the state courts were wrong in their analysis of his claims, 12 and that he did not need to pay a filing fee for his state petition under California caselaw. By way 13 of relief, he seeks the removal of the R Suffix, an order to respondent prohibiting him from using 14 the suffix “against petitioner,” an expedited hearing pursuant to California Penal Code § 1484, 15 and a finding that the superior and appellate courts erred in denying his petition for writ of habeas 16 corpus and mandate. 17 Federal law opens two main avenues to relief on complaints related to imprisonment: a 18 petition for habeas corpus and a civil rights complaint. See Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 19 750 (2004). “[H]abeas is the exclusive vehicle for claims brought by state prisoners that fall 20 within the core of habeas corpus, and such claims may not be brought in a § 1983 [civil rights] 21 action.” Nettles v. Grounds, 830 F.3d 922, 927 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc). Nettles further sets forth 22 “the correlative rule that a § 1983 action is the exclusive vehicle for claims brought by state 23 prisoners that are not within the core of habeas corpus.” Id. That is, claims challenging “the fact 24 or duration of the conviction or sentence” are within the core of habeas, while claims challenging 25 “any other aspect of prison life” are properly brought as civil rights actions. Id. at 934. If success 26 on a habeas petitioner's claim would not necessarily lead to his immediate or earlier release from 27 confinement, the claim does not fall within “the core of habeas corpus” and thus, is not 28 cognizable under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Id. at 935 (citing Skinner v. Switzer, 562 U.S. 521 (2012)). 1 Petitioner’s claim in this case is premised on an R Suffix in his Central File, and success 2 in this action in the form of declaratory and injunctive relief will in no way affect the fact or 3 duration of petitioner’s conviction or sentence and would not necessarily lead to his immediate or 4 earlier release from confinement. His claim is therefore not appropriate for a petition for writ of 5 habeas corpus. 6 In appropriate circumstances, courts have the discretion to convert a habeas petition to a 7 prisoner civil rights complaint. Wilwording v. Swenson, 404 U.S. 249, 251 (1971), overruled on 8 other grounds by Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81 (2006); Nettles, 830 F.3d at 936 (holding that a 9 district court has the discretion to construe a habeas petition as a civil rights action under § 1983). 10 However, recharacterization is appropriate only if the petition is “amenable to conversion on its 11 face, meaning that it names the correct defendants and seeks the correct relief,” and only after the 12 petitioner is warned of the consequences of conversion and is provided an opportunity to 13 withdraw or amend the petition. Nettles, 830 F.3d at 936. 14 The Court finds that recharacterization would be inappropriate in this case for multiple 15 reasons. First, prisoner civil rights actions are subject to different requirements than are federal 16 habeas proceedings, including higher filing fees. The filing fee for a prisoner civil rights 17 complaint proceeding in forma pauperis is $350.003 compared to the substantially lower $5.00 18 filing fee for habeas petitions. 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). The $350.00 fee may be deducted in full over 19 time from a qualified prisoner's prison trust account. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). Petitioner may be 20 unwilling to pay the considerably higher filing fee for a civil rights action. 21 Second, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) provides that “[n]o action shall be 22 brought with respect to prison conditions under section 1983 of this title, or any other Federal 23 law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such 24 administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). The exhaustion 25 requirement applies to all claims relating to prison life that do not implicate the duration of a 26 prisoner’s sentence. Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 523, 532 (2002) (“[F]ederal prisoners suing 27 under Bivens [ ] must first exhaust inmate grievance procedures just as state prisoners must 28 exhaust administrative processes prior to instituting a § 1983 suit.”). Exhaustion is a prerequisite 1 | to bringing a civil rights action that cannot be excused by a district court. Woodford, 548 U.S. at 2 | 85; Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 739 (2001). Petitioner claims that he has been deprived of 3 | the right to utilize the administrative remedy program. It therefore appears that he has not 4 | exhausted inmate grievance procedures. 5 Finally, habeas petitions and civil rights actions are governed by different pleading 6 | standards. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DAVID GLOVER, No. 2:18-cv-02816-DB P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. ORDER AND 14 CDCR AT CHCF, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Respondent. 16 17 18 Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, has filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus 19 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, together with a request to proceed in forma pauperis. 20 Examination of the affidavit reveals petitioner is unable to afford the costs of this action. 21 Accordingly, leave to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). 22 Pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases, a district court may 23 summarily dismiss a § 2254 petition before the respondent files an answer “[i]f it plainly appears 24 from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district 25 court.” 26 At issue in this case is petitioner’s pursuit of the removal of an erroneous “R suffix” that 27 was placed in his Central File and that he claims has affected his programming ability and the 28 1 availability of certain job assignments. He initially tried to have it removed by complying with 2 institutional regulations for corrections to his record and then by submitting an inmate grievance. 3 When those efforts proved futile, he submitted a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the San 4 Joaquin County Superior Court, Case No. STK-CR-FMISC-2017-007284. That petition was 5 denied on July 17, 2017, because it involved a conditions of confinement claim and because 6 petitioner did not pay the filing fee. Pet. Ex. D. It was then denied on October 26, 2017, at the 7 California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District, for failure to exhaust administrative 8 remedies. Id. Ex. E. Finally, it was denied at the California Supreme Court on May 23, 2018, for, 9 inter alia, failure to exhaust. Id. Ex. F. 10 In the instant petition, petitioner claims the institution misapplied its own regulations 11 regarding removal of the suffix, that the state courts were wrong in their analysis of his claims, 12 and that he did not need to pay a filing fee for his state petition under California caselaw. By way 13 of relief, he seeks the removal of the R Suffix, an order to respondent prohibiting him from using 14 the suffix “against petitioner,” an expedited hearing pursuant to California Penal Code § 1484, 15 and a finding that the superior and appellate courts erred in denying his petition for writ of habeas 16 corpus and mandate. 17 Federal law opens two main avenues to relief on complaints related to imprisonment: a 18 petition for habeas corpus and a civil rights complaint. See Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 19 750 (2004). “[H]abeas is the exclusive vehicle for claims brought by state prisoners that fall 20 within the core of habeas corpus, and such claims may not be brought in a § 1983 [civil rights] 21 action.” Nettles v. Grounds, 830 F.3d 922, 927 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc). Nettles further sets forth 22 “the correlative rule that a § 1983 action is the exclusive vehicle for claims brought by state 23 prisoners that are not within the core of habeas corpus.” Id. That is, claims challenging “the fact 24 or duration of the conviction or sentence” are within the core of habeas, while claims challenging 25 “any other aspect of prison life” are properly brought as civil rights actions. Id. at 934. If success 26 on a habeas petitioner's claim would not necessarily lead to his immediate or earlier release from 27 confinement, the claim does not fall within “the core of habeas corpus” and thus, is not 28 cognizable under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Id. at 935 (citing Skinner v. Switzer, 562 U.S. 521 (2012)). 1 Petitioner’s claim in this case is premised on an R Suffix in his Central File, and success 2 in this action in the form of declaratory and injunctive relief will in no way affect the fact or 3 duration of petitioner’s conviction or sentence and would not necessarily lead to his immediate or 4 earlier release from confinement. His claim is therefore not appropriate for a petition for writ of 5 habeas corpus. 6 In appropriate circumstances, courts have the discretion to convert a habeas petition to a 7 prisoner civil rights complaint. Wilwording v. Swenson, 404 U.S. 249, 251 (1971), overruled on 8 other grounds by Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81 (2006); Nettles, 830 F.3d at 936 (holding that a 9 district court has the discretion to construe a habeas petition as a civil rights action under § 1983). 10 However, recharacterization is appropriate only if the petition is “amenable to conversion on its 11 face, meaning that it names the correct defendants and seeks the correct relief,” and only after the 12 petitioner is warned of the consequences of conversion and is provided an opportunity to 13 withdraw or amend the petition. Nettles, 830 F.3d at 936. 14 The Court finds that recharacterization would be inappropriate in this case for multiple 15 reasons. First, prisoner civil rights actions are subject to different requirements than are federal 16 habeas proceedings, including higher filing fees. The filing fee for a prisoner civil rights 17 complaint proceeding in forma pauperis is $350.003 compared to the substantially lower $5.00 18 filing fee for habeas petitions. 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). The $350.00 fee may be deducted in full over 19 time from a qualified prisoner's prison trust account. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). Petitioner may be 20 unwilling to pay the considerably higher filing fee for a civil rights action. 21 Second, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) provides that “[n]o action shall be 22 brought with respect to prison conditions under section 1983 of this title, or any other Federal 23 law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such 24 administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). The exhaustion 25 requirement applies to all claims relating to prison life that do not implicate the duration of a 26 prisoner’s sentence. Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 523, 532 (2002) (“[F]ederal prisoners suing 27 under Bivens [ ] must first exhaust inmate grievance procedures just as state prisoners must 28 exhaust administrative processes prior to instituting a § 1983 suit.”). Exhaustion is a prerequisite 1 | to bringing a civil rights action that cannot be excused by a district court. Woodford, 548 U.S. at 2 | 85; Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 739 (2001). Petitioner claims that he has been deprived of 3 | the right to utilize the administrative remedy program. It therefore appears that he has not 4 | exhausted inmate grievance procedures. 5 Finally, habeas petitions and civil rights actions are governed by different pleading 6 | standards. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 only requires “a short and plain statement of the 7 | claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,’ Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 8(a)(2), whereas Habeas 8 | Rule 2(c) requires a more detailed statement. The Habeas Rules instruct petitioners to “specify all 9 | the grounds for relief available” and “the facts supporting each ground.” Rule 2(c). Petitioner's 10 | inartfully pled claims satisfy neither of these standards and are subject to dismissal with leave to 11 | amend. Moreover, petitioner has not necessarily named the proper defendants and the relief he 12 || seeks here may not necessarily be the same relief he might seek in a civil rights action. Therefore, 13 || the Court declines to recharacterize the action. 14 Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 15 1. Petitioner is granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis; 16 2. The Clerk of Court shall assign a district judge to this case; and 17 IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that the petition be dismissed without prejudice to 18 || petitioner raising his claims in a civil rights action. 19 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District 20 | Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within 21 | fourteen days after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, the parties may file 22 | written objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate 23 | Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections 24 | within the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 25 | F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 26 | Dated: September 24, 2019 DB/Inbox/Substantive/glov28 16.fr.dism 28 BORAH BARNES UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE