Haynes v. Ally Fin., Inc.

2025 Ohio 4356

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: September 17, 2025
• Docket: 31321
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Haynes v. Ally Fin., Inc., 2025-Ohio-4356.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )

DOMINIQUE HAYNES C.A. No. 31321

Appellant

v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE ALLY FINANCIAL INC. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellee CASE No. CV-2024-05-1906

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: September 17, 2025

SUTTON, Judge

{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant Dominque Haynes appeals the judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas granting the motion for summary judgment of Defendant-Appellee Ally

Financial, Inc. (“Ally Financial”) and denying Ms. Haynes’s motion for summary judgment. For

the reasons that follow, this Court affirms.

I.

Relevant Background Information

{¶2} This case concerns the repossession of a 2018 Kia Sorento (“the vehicle”). Ms.

Haynes purchased the vehicle from Preston Chevrolet-Cadillac (“Preston”) in November 2020 and

entered into a Retail Installment Sale Contract (“the contract”) with Preston. Ms. Haynes defaulted

on her payment obligation under the contract and the vehicle was repossessed.

{¶3} Ms. Haynes filed a “Complaint and Motion for Possession of Personal Property” in

the Summit County Court of Common Pleas alleging her vehicle, the 2018 Kia Sorento, was 2

improperly seized by Ally Financial, and seeking damages for “conversion, deprivation of rights,

emotional distress, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, and civil damages for criminal acts

committed by [Ally Financial] that has elements consistent with a Civil RICO[.]” Ally Financial

was the only defendant named by Ms. Haynes in the complaint. Ally Financial filed an answer to

the complaint denying it was a party to or assignee of the contract between Ms. Haynes and

Preston.

{¶4} On July 8, 2024, in response to Ally Financial’s answer, Ms. Haynes filed a

pleading captioned:

Memo In Opposition of Respondent Motion to Dismiss Respondent Motion for [Judgment] Motion for Injunctive Relief

In addition to the pleading, on July 8, 2024, Ms. Haynes also filed four exhibits: (1) a receipt from

the Summit County Clerk of Courts; (2) an application for dealer assignment; (3) a memorandum

vehicle title; and (4) a vehicle service contract.

{¶5} The pleading filed by Ms. Haynes on July 8, 2024 was stricken by the trial court

because it was in contravention of a magistrate’s order denying Ms. Haynes’s motion for time to

respond to Ally Financial’s answer and because no authority exists under the Ohio Rules of Civil

Procedure for a response to a defendant’s answer. However, it is unclear whether the four exhibits

filed that same date were also stricken.

{¶6} Ally Financial filed a motion for summary judgment and attached the affidavit of

Jakayla Smith. The relevant facts averred by Ms. Smith were: Ms. Smith was employed by Ally

Bank as a Recoveries Associate Analyst; Ally Bank is a subsidiary of Ally Financial and they are

separate companies; Ms. Haynes had defaulted on her payment obligations under the contract; the

contract for the purchase of the 2018 Kia Sorento was between Ms. Haynes and Preston; and Ally 3

Financial had no involvement with the contract or the repossession or public sale of the vehicle.

Ms. Smith further attested that Exhibit A attached to her affidavit was a true and accurate copy of

the contract between Ms. Haynes and Preston. Ms. Smith also stated in her affidavit that Ally

Bank took assignment of the contract between Ms. Haynes and Preston.

{¶7} On August 8, 2024, Ms. Haynes responded in opposition to Ally Financial’s motion

for summary judgment and also moved for summary judgment. That same date, Ms. Haynes again

filed the same four exhibits that she had previously filed on July 8, 2024.

{¶8} Ally Financial filed a reply in support of its motion for summary judgment and in

opposition to Ms. Haynes’s motion for summary judgment arguing Ms. Haynes had not presented

any Civ.R. 56 evidence in opposition to Ally Financial’s motion or in support of her motion.

{¶9} In its order granting summary judgment in favor of Ally Financial, the trial court

stated, “[Ms.] Haynes has not provided any evidence permissible under Civ.R. 56(C) to support

her position.” The trial court then granted Ally Financial’s motion for summary judgment stating,

“[Ms.] Haynes has failed to establish that Defendant Ally Financial had any involvement in [the

contract] or the repossession or sale of the [v]ehicle[.]” and also denied Ms. Haynes’s motion for

summary judgment, stating “[Ms.] Haynes failed to establish Defendant Ally Financial was a

holder of [the contract] or that Defendant Ally Financial was involved in the repossession or sale

of the [v]ehicle[.]” The trial court did not decide whether the contract was assigned to Ally Bank,

stating, “neither [Ms. Haynes] nor Ally Financial have provided [sufficient] evidence to this [c]ourt

to establish” whether the contract had been assigned or otherwise transferred to a third party.

{¶10} Ms. Haynes appeals, raising four assignments of error for our review. To facilitate

our analysis, we have grouped some of the assignments of error. 4

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN STRIKING [MS. HAYNES’S] MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON JULY 8, 2024[,] AS THE MAGISTRATE ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FORBIDDING [MS. HAYNES] TO ANSWER. {¶11} In her first assignment of error, Ms. Haynes argues the trial court erred by striking

her “motion for summary judgment on July 8, 2024[.]” A review of the trial court docket shows

on July 22, 2024, the trial court struck Ms. Haynes’s “[m]otions that were filed on July 8, 2024[.]”

Ms. Haynes did not file a motion captioned motion for summary judgment until August 8, 2024.

If Ms. Haynes is arguing the trial court erred by striking Ms. Haynes’s attempt to respond to Ally

Financial’s answer and her motion to reconsider the magistrate’s July 5, 2024 order denying her

motion requesting an extension of time to respond to Ally Financial’s answer, the trial court did

not err. The Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure do not provide for a response to an answer. Further,

Ms. Haynes was not prejudiced by the trial court’s striking of her July 8, 2024 motions because

she was able to file a motion for summary judgment on August 8, 2024, which was considered and

ruled on by the trial court.

{¶12} Accordingly, Ms. Haynes’s first assignment of error is overruled.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING [ALLY FINANCIAL] SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS A GENUINE ISSUE OF [FACT] REMAINS AND [MS. HAYNES] DID NOT FAIL TO ESTABLISH [ALLY FINANCIAL’S] INVOLVEMENT, AS [ALLY FINANCIAL] DID NOT REPLY WITH SUFFICIENT FACTS THAT THEY WERE NOT THE CORRECT DEFENDANT AND THAT EITHER [ALLY FINANCIAL] OR ITS SUBSIDIARY HAD RIGHTS TO REPOSSESS PROPERTY, AND THE AFFIDAVIT PROVIDED IS INSUFFICIENT TO SHOW ANY OTHER ASSIGNMENT TO A THIRD PARTY. 5

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED CLAIMING [MS. HAYNES] DID NOT REPLY IN SUPPORT OF [MS. HAYNES’S] SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND OPPOSITION OF SUMMARY JUDGMENT FOR [ALLY FINANCIAL], THUS DID NOT CONSIDER THE ENTIRE RECORD TO ENTER JUDG[]MENT PROPERLY, THUS NOT CONSIDERING THE DEALER ASSIGNMENT PROVIDED BY [MS. HAYNES] WAS SO HARMLESS TO PRODUCE SUBSTANTIAL INJUSTICE AS IT WAS IN FACT IN THE AUGUST 8, 2024 MEMORANDUM AND MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT. THUS, TRIAL COURT FAILED TO VIEW THE EVIDENCE IN THE LIGHT MOST FAVORABLE TO [MS. HAYNES], AS IS REQUIRED WHEN CONSIDERING [ALLY FINANCIAL’S] MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT.

{¶13} In her second assignment of error, Ms. Haynes argues the trial court erred in

granting Ally Financial’s motion for summary judgment. Specifically, she argues there remain

genuine issues of material fact as to whether Ally Financial is the correct defendant and whether

Ally Financial or its subsidiary Ally Bank, which is not a party to this case, had rights to repossess

Ms. Haynes’s property. In her third assignment of error, Ms. Haynes argues the trial court erred

in not considering the dealer assignment submitted by Ms. Haynes and in failing to view the

evidence in the light most favorable to her when granting summary judgment in favor of Ally

Financial.

{¶14} Ally Financial argues it is not the correct defendant and points to Ms. Smith’s

affidavit, which stated Ally Financial had no involvement with the contract and nothing to do with

the repossession and sale of the vehicle. While Ally Financial asserts Ally Bank was the assignee

of the contract, the trial court did not reach this issue, and neither do we. Here, we must decide if

the trial court erred by determining there were no genuine issues of material fact concerning

whether Ally Financial is a party to the contract and whether Ally Financial was involved in the

repossession and sale of the vehicle. 6

{¶15} This Court reviews an award of summary judgment de novo. Grafton v. Ohio

Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105 (1996). Summary judgment is appropriate under Civ.R. 56

when: (1) no genuine issue as to any material fact remains to be litigated; (2) the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the

nonmoving party, reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse

to the nonmoving party. Temple v. Wean United, Inc., 50 Ohio St.2d 317, 327 (1977), citing Civ.R.

56(C). A court must view the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and must

resolve any doubt in favor of the non-moving party. Murphy v. Reynoldsburg, 65 Ohio St.3d 356,

358-359 (1992). The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of informing

the trial court of the basis for the motion and pointing to parts of the record that show the absence

of a genuine issue of material fact. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293 (1996).

Specifically, the moving party must support the motion by pointing to some evidence in the record

of the type listed in Civ.R. 56(C). Id. “When a motion for summary judgment is made and

supported as provided in this rule, an adverse party may not rest upon the mere allegations or

denials of his pleadings, but his response, by affidavit or as otherwise provided in this rule, must

set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Civ.R. 56(E); State ex rel.

Zimmerman v. Tompkins, 75 Ohio St.3d 447, 449 (1996).

{¶16} Civ.R. 56(C) sets forth the types of evidence required in support of a motion for

summary judgment.

Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits, transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. No evidence or stipulation may be considered except as stated in this rule. A summary judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears from the evidence or stipulation, and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to 7

the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that party being entitled to have the evidence or stipulation construed most strongly in the party’s favor.

(Emphasis added.)

{¶17} As to the form of affidavits in support of and opposing a motion for summary

judgment, Civ.R.56(E) states in part:

[s]upporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated in the affidavit. Sworn or certified copies of all papers or parts of papers referred to in an affidavit shall be attached to or served with the affidavit. . .When a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as provided in this rule . . . an [adverse party’s] response, by affidavit or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. If the party does not so respond, summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be entered against the party.

{¶18} Summary judgment is appropriate where the nonmoving party does not produce

evidence on any issue for which that party bears the burden of production at trial. Wing v. Anchor

Media, Ltd. of Texas, 59 Ohio St.3d 108 (1991), paragraph three of the syllabus. Likewise, “[t]he

moving party bears the burden of demonstrating that there are no genuine issues of material fact

with reference to ‘appropriate evidentiary materials.’” Myers v. Univ. Hosps. Health Sys., 2023-

Ohio-3045, ¶ 7 (9th Dist.), citing Byrd v. Smith, 2006-Ohio-3455, ¶ 10. “Appropriate evidentiary

materials” listed in Civ.R. 56(C) are: depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions,

affidavits, transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact. Civ.R. 56(E) requires sworn or

certified copies of all papers referred to in an affidavit be attached to or served with the affidavit.

Documents beyond those attached to an affidavit are in contravention of Civ.R. 56(E). See

Deutsche Bank v. Natl. Trust Co. v. Dvorak, 2014-Ohio-4652, ¶ 13 (9th Dist.)

{¶19} Ally Financial submitted evidence in the form of Jakayla Smith’s affidavit that it

was not a party to the contract and was not involved in the repossession or sale of the vehicle and 8

Ms. Smith authenticated the exhibit attached to the affidavit as a true and accurate copy of the

contract between Ms. Haynes and Preston. In response, Ms. Haynes did not submit or point to an

affidavit, stipulation, or any other evidence of the type prescribed by Civ.R. 56 establishing that

Ally Financial was party to the contract or involved in the repossession and sale of the vehicle.

The four exhibits filed by Ms. Haynes, including the dealer assignment Ms. Haynes referenced in

her motion for summary judgment and in opposition to Ally Financial’s motion for summary

judgment and in her third assignment of error, are not supported by an affidavit. Thus, Ms. Haynes

failed to establish with evidence consistent with Civ.R. 56 that there are a genuine issues of

material fact concerning whether Ally Financial was a party to the contract or involved in the

repossession and sale of the vehicle. Therefore, the trial court did not err in granting summary

judgment in favor of Ally Financial.

{¶20} Accordingly, Ms. Haynes’s second and third assignments of error are overruled.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV

THE COURT ERRED IN NOT APPLYING THE BELVEDERE TEST TO WHETHER OR NOT TO PIERCE THE VEIL AND HOLD [ALLY FINANCIAL] RESPONSIBLE FOR ALLY BANK[] AND ANY OTHER NONPART[Y’S] ACTIONS INCLUDING FALSIFIED AFFIDAVIT WHICH WERE SOLELY COMMITTED ON BEHALF OF ITS PARENT COMPANY, [ALLY FINANCIAL].

{¶21} In her fourth assignment of error, Ms. Haynes argues the trial court failed to

consider piercing the corporate veil and holding Ally Financial responsible for the actions of Ally

Bank and other non-parties. However, Ms. Haynes did not make a claim for “piercing the

corporate veil” in her complaint. Ms. Haynes argues for the first time on appeal the affidavit of

Ally Bank was “initiated, in part, to further or promote the master’s business.” But she did not

raise this issue in her motion for summary judgment or in opposition to Ally Financial’s motion

for summary judgment. Thus, she has waived the issue. It is axiomatic that a litigant’s failure to 9

raise an issue at the trial court level waives the litigant’s right to raise that issue on appeal. Shover

v. Cordis Corp., 61 Ohio St.3d 213, 220 (1991), overruled on other grounds.

{¶22} To the extent that Ms. Haynes argues Ally Financial should be liable for the actions

of non-party Ally Bank because “[t]he respondeat superior doctrine makes an employer or

principal vicariously liable for the torts of its employees or agents[,] Ms. Haynes failed to submit

or point to any Civ.R. 56(C) evidence in the summary judgment proceedings that there is a genuine

issue of material fact that Ally Bank was acting as an employee or agent of Ally Financial.

{¶23} Accordingly, Ms. Haynes’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.

III.

{¶24} For the forgoing reasons, Ms. Haynes’s assignments of error are overruled. The

judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 10

Costs taxed to Appellant.

BETTY SUTTON FOR THE COURT

STEVENSON, P. J. CONCURS.

CARR, J. CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.

APPEARANCES:

DOMINQUE HAYNES, pro se Appellant.

JOEL E. SECHLER, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.