Hayes v. State

493 S.E.2d 169, 268 Ga. 809, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 4395, 1997 Ga. LEXIS 754
CourtSupreme Court of Georgia
DecidedDecember 3, 1997
DocketS97A1263
StatusPublished
Cited by65 cases

This text of 493 S.E.2d 169 (Hayes v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Hayes v. State, 493 S.E.2d 169, 268 Ga. 809, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 4395, 1997 Ga. LEXIS 754 (Ga. 1997).

Opinions

Hines, Justice.

Tyran Lamont Hayes appeals his convictions for malice murder and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime in connection with the fatal shooting of Fredy Melvin Chandler II.1 Passersby spied Chandler’s body in a ditch adjacent to Highway 25 in Burke County. He was found lying face down and clutching a set of [810]*810car keys attached to a frame containing a photograph of a baby. Chandler had sustained a gunshot wound to the head from a shotgun or high powered rifle fired from a distance of one to three feet. Toxicology tests performed on Chandler’s body revealed that his blood was negative for drugs.

The State presented evidence that on the Saturday evening two days before Chandler’s body was discovered, Chandler met with Gerald Hitchcock after Hitchcock had “beeped” him to arrange to purchase some cocaine. In the early morning hours, the two drove to a pay telephone to call a drug connection. As Hitchcock and Chandler were leaving the pay telephone, they were approached in a car by Hayes and Terrón and Christopher Barbour. The three asked Chandler if he knew where they could get marijuana and Chandler indicated he could probably help them. Chandler got in the car with Hayes and the others and left Hitchcock to watch his vehicle. Hitchcock waited more than two hours but Chandler never returned.

Later that morning, Hayes and the Barbours returned to a motel room which they were sharing with two women who had driven from Kentucky with Terrón Barbour. Hayes appeared very nervous and stated that he could not believe that he had killed someone for $90. Hayes and the Barbours divided up $90 in cash. Hayes changed his shirt which had flecks of blood on it, and the group went to a restaurant. While there, Hayes related to the women that he had asked Chandler why he sold drugs, and that Chandler, who was standing beside the car, showed Hayes a photograph of a baby and indicated the baby was the reason. Hayes then shot Chandler, Chandler fell to his knees, and “stuff started going everywhere.” Hayes explained that he shot Chandler because he was going to rob him and that Chandler had drugs and money in his pockets.

Earlier, on Friday evening, Hayes had mentioned to the group about robbing someone and stated that he knew how to “get some beepers and dope real cheap.” Also, in a Saturday night conversation with other friends, Christopher Barbour indicated he needed money in order to return to Kentucky, Hayes inquired about borrowing a gun, and Terrón Barbour stated that he had a shotgun in the car in which he and the women had driven from Kentucky. The day after the shooting, Hayes, the Barbours, and the women took their car to a carwash to wash off blood and body particles, and the group left for Kentucky. In Kentucky, Hayes told others that he had shot and killed a man.

At trial, Hayes admitted shooting Chandler, but related a much different version of events. Hayes claimed that he had known Chandler beforehand, that he and the Barbours met with him on the night in question and that Chandler offered to take them to some clubs that were open after hours. Chandler, who had been using drugs, was [811]*811driving the car they were in, and began to act “weird” and weave as he was driving. Hayes and Chandler argued over a woman both had been involved with. Chandler attempted to grab Hayes’ money. Hayes asked Chandler to pull over, which he did, and the two men got out. Hayes got the car keys, opened the trunk to retrieve a shotgun, and told Chandler that he was going to leave him there on the roadway. Chandler attempted to grab the shotgun from Hayes, Hayes tried to retain control of it, and the gun fired. Hayes denied pointing the weapon at Chandler and claimed that it discharged by accident.

1. The jury was not required to believe Hayes’ testimony that the weapon had accidentally discharged. The evidence was sufficient for a rational trier of fact to find that Hayes acted with malice in shooting Chandler and that he was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of malice murder and possession of a firearm during commission of the murder. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).

2. After a lengthy Jackson-Denno hearing, the trial court ruled that Hayes’ tape-recorded statement made at the Burke County jail was voluntary. The State then utilized the statement in its cross-examination of Hayes. Hayes contends that the statement was involuntary because he was kept alone in a holding cell for two days prior to the statement and because the day before he had refused to talk to authorities and asked to see a lawyer. However, the record demonstrates that there was nothing extraordinary about Hayes’ custody or interrogation, and that prior to his taped statement he was fully advised of his Miranda rights and executed a waiver of those rights. Under the totality of the circumstances, the trial court properly found that Hayes’ taped statement was freely and voluntarily made. Fields v. State, 266 Ga. 632, 633 (469 SE2d 184) (1996).

3. The trial court allowed Gerald Hitchcock to testify about his conversation with Chandler at the time of the initial encounter with Hayes and the Barbours. Hitchcock testified that Chandler told him that he was trying to “hook these guys up,” about the magnitude of the proposed drug deal, and that Chandler expected to return shortly. Hayes maintains that the testimony was inadmissible hearsay amounting to reversible error. However, “OCGA § 24-3-1 (b) permits the use of hearsay evidence ‘in specified cases from necessity.’. . . An exception will be allowed ‘from necessity’ where ‘necessity’ and ‘particularized guarantees of trustworthiness’ are established. [Cit.]” McKissick v. State, 263 Ga. 188, 189 (3) (429 SE2d 655) (1993).

Here, both prerequisites are met. Necessity is established because the statements were made by the victim Chandler who was no longer alive. Furthermore, the victim’s statements bore the indicia of trustworthiness because of the circumstances under which they were made. There was no apparent reason for Chandler to lie to [812]*812Hitchcock. Moreover, the statements were part of a spontaneous exchange with Hitchcock to explain Chandler’s conduct in leaving the scene and to request Hitchcock’s assistance.

4. Hayes fails in his contention that the trial court allowed inadmissible hearsay when it permitted GBI Agent McGlaun to testify about statements to him by State’s witness Stanton, one of the women Hayes confided in shortly after the shooting, and State’s witness Jones, one of the friends Hayes and the Barbours talked with before meeting Chandler.2 The veracity of Stanton was raised by the defense during its cross-examination of her. Because Stanton’s truthfulness was clearly at issue and because she testified at trial and was subject to cross-examination by Hayes, the agent’s testimony about Stanton’s prior statements, even if showing the statements to be consistent with her testimony, was admissible and not subject to a hearsay objection. Cuzzort v. State, 254 Ga. 745 (334 SE2d 661) (1985). State’s witness Jones, who also took the stand and was available for cross-examination, testified to a different version of events than he told to McGlaun. Thus, McGlaun’s testimony about Jones’ inconsistent statements was admissible as substantive evidence. Gibbons v.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Stryker v. State
900 S.E.2d 579 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2024)
Mitchell v. State
303 Ga. 491 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2018)
Villegas v. the State
778 S.E.2d 363 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2015)
Browner v. State
765 S.E.2d 348 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2014)
Johnson v. the State
760 S.E.2d 682 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2014)
Anthony Spencer v. State
Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2014
Spencer v. State
761 S.E.2d 464 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2014)
Jackson v. State
740 S.E.2d 609 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2013)
Glenard Rico Wright v. State
Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2013
Wright v. State
738 S.E.2d 310 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2013)
Cawthon v. State
713 S.E.2d 388 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2011)
Brown v. State
708 S.E.2d 294 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2011)
Stovall v. State
696 S.E.2d 633 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2010)
Johnson v. State
644 S.E.2d 544 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2007)
Hardeman v. State
635 S.E.2d 698 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2006)
Depree v. State
623 S.E.2d 701 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2005)
Agee v. State
621 S.E.2d 434 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2005)
Folson v. State
606 S.E.2d 262 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2004)
Culler v. State
594 S.E.2d 631 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2004)
Sheriff v. State
587 S.E.2d 27 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2003)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
493 S.E.2d 169, 268 Ga. 809, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 4395, 1997 Ga. LEXIS 754, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hayes-v-state-ga-1997.