UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY ___________________________________ : STEVEN HARTSFIELD, : : Petitioner, : Civ. No. 20-10503 (NLH) : v. : OPINION : D.K. WHITE, : : Respondent. : ___________________________________: APPEARANCES:
Steven Hartsfield 78840-004 Fairton Federal Correctional Institution P.O. Box 420 Fairton, NJ 08320
Petitioner Pro se
Rachael A. Honig, Acting United States Attorney John T. Stinson, Assistant United States Attorney Office of the U.S. Attorney 402 East State Street Suite 430 Trenton, NJ 08608
Counsel for Respondent
HILLMAN, District Judge Petitioner Steven Hartsfield, a prisoner presently confined at FCI Fairton, New Jersey, filed this petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 arguing that his conviction is invalid due to the Supreme Court’s decision in Rehaif v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 2191 (2019). ECF No. 1. Respondent United States filed a motion to dismiss arguing that the Petition should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. ECF No. 4. Petitioner did not file any opposition to the motion. For
the reasons that follow, the Court will grant the motion to dismiss. I. BACKGROUND A grand jury in the Southern District of Florida charged Petitioner and others with conspiring to possess with intent to distribute a mixture and substance containing five kilograms or more of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846(b)(1)(A); attempting to possess the mixture and substance, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1); conspiring to commit Hobbs Act robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a); attempting to commit Hobbs Act robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a); carrying a firearm in relation to drug trafficking crimes, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A); and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon,
18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). United States v. Hartsfield, No. 1:07- cr-20584 (S.D. Fla. July 26, 2007) (ECF No. 28). Petitioner went to trial and was convicted by a jury of the § 1951(a), § 924(c), and § 922(g) charges. Id. (Feb. 26, 2008) (ECF No. 182). The trial court sentenced Petitioner to a total term of 360 months incarceration. Id. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed Petitioner’s convictions and sentence. United States v. Gonzalez, 322 F. App’x 963 (11th Cir. 2009). Petitioner filed motions to vacate, set aside, or correct his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 in 2010, 2016, and 2019. In re: Steven Hartsfield, No. 19-15125-D (11th Cir. Jan. 24, 2020).
None of the motions were successful. Id. The Eleventh Circuit also denied Petitioner permission to file a second or successive § 2255 motion based on Rehaif. Id. Petitioner subsequently filed this petition under § 2241 on August 14, 2020. ECF No. 1 Petitioner argues that his § 922(g) is invalid after Rehaif, which held that the government must prove the defendant knew he possessed a firearm and that he knew he had the relevant status when he possessed the firearm in order to convict under § 922(g). “In the case at hand, the government failed to allege and prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Petitioner Steven Hartsfield had knowledge of the requisite elements of § 922(g). . . . Testimony reveals that Mr. Hartsfield did not know of
weapons that the government claim were in [the] car.” ECF No. 1-1 at 6-7. The United States argues this Court lacks jurisdiction under § 2241 and moves to dismiss the petition. ECF No. 4. Petitioner did not file any opposition to the motion. II. STANDARD OF REVIEW Title 28, Section 2243 of the United States Code provides in relevant part as follows: A court, justice or judge entertaining an application for a writ of habeas corpus shall forthwith award the writ or issue an order directing the respondent to show cause why the writ should not be granted, unless it appears from the application that the applicant or person detained is not entitled thereto. A pro se pleading is held to less stringent standards than more formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976); Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). A pro se habeas petition must be construed liberally. See Hunterson v. DiSabato, 308 F.3d 236, 243 (3d Cir. 2002). III. ANALYSIS Generally, a challenge to the validity of a federal conviction or sentence must be brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See Jackman v. Shartle, 535 F. App’x 87, 88 (3d Cir. 2013) (per curiam) (citing Okereke v. United States, 307 F.3d 117, 120 (3d Cir. 2002)). “[Section] 2255 expressly prohibits a district court from considering a challenge to a prisoner’s federal sentence under § 2241 unless the remedy under § 2255 is ‘inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.’” Snyder v. Dix, 588 F. App’x 205, 206 (3d Cir. 2015) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e)); see also In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d 245, 249 (3d Cir. 1997). Prisoners in the Third Circuit may use § 2241 to challenge their convictions only after two conditions are satisfied: (1) there must be “a claim of actual innocence on the theory that [the prisoner] is being detained for conduct that has subsequently been rendered non-criminal . . . in other words, when there is a change in statutory caselaw that applies
retroactively in cases on collateral review,” and (2) “the prisoner must be ‘otherwise barred from challenging the legality of the conviction under § 2255.’” Bruce v. Warden Lewisburg USP, 868 F.3d 170, 180 (3d Cir. 2017) (quoting United States v. Tyler, 732 F.3d 241, 246 (3d Cir. 2013)). Petitioner cannot satisfy the first requirement. In Rehaif, the Supreme Court held that “the Government must prove both that the defendant knew he possessed a firearm and that he knew he belonged to the relevant category of persons barred from possessing a firearm” to obtain a conviction under § 922(g). 139 S. Ct. 2191, 2200 (2019). Petitioner argues the Government failed to prove he knew firearms were present; he does not argue
he was unaware of his status. “Petitioner Steven Hartsfield’s status as a felon or as an illegal alien is not at question in regards to the status elements of § 922(g). However, he is actually innocent because the elements dealing with his ‘conduct’ were not proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” ECF No. 1-1 at 16.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY ___________________________________ : STEVEN HARTSFIELD, : : Petitioner, : Civ. No. 20-10503 (NLH) : v. : OPINION : D.K. WHITE, : : Respondent. : ___________________________________: APPEARANCES:
Steven Hartsfield 78840-004 Fairton Federal Correctional Institution P.O. Box 420 Fairton, NJ 08320
Petitioner Pro se
Rachael A. Honig, Acting United States Attorney John T. Stinson, Assistant United States Attorney Office of the U.S. Attorney 402 East State Street Suite 430 Trenton, NJ 08608
Counsel for Respondent
HILLMAN, District Judge Petitioner Steven Hartsfield, a prisoner presently confined at FCI Fairton, New Jersey, filed this petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 arguing that his conviction is invalid due to the Supreme Court’s decision in Rehaif v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 2191 (2019). ECF No. 1. Respondent United States filed a motion to dismiss arguing that the Petition should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. ECF No. 4. Petitioner did not file any opposition to the motion. For
the reasons that follow, the Court will grant the motion to dismiss. I. BACKGROUND A grand jury in the Southern District of Florida charged Petitioner and others with conspiring to possess with intent to distribute a mixture and substance containing five kilograms or more of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846(b)(1)(A); attempting to possess the mixture and substance, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1); conspiring to commit Hobbs Act robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a); attempting to commit Hobbs Act robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a); carrying a firearm in relation to drug trafficking crimes, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A); and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon,
18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). United States v. Hartsfield, No. 1:07- cr-20584 (S.D. Fla. July 26, 2007) (ECF No. 28). Petitioner went to trial and was convicted by a jury of the § 1951(a), § 924(c), and § 922(g) charges. Id. (Feb. 26, 2008) (ECF No. 182). The trial court sentenced Petitioner to a total term of 360 months incarceration. Id. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed Petitioner’s convictions and sentence. United States v. Gonzalez, 322 F. App’x 963 (11th Cir. 2009). Petitioner filed motions to vacate, set aside, or correct his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 in 2010, 2016, and 2019. In re: Steven Hartsfield, No. 19-15125-D (11th Cir. Jan. 24, 2020).
None of the motions were successful. Id. The Eleventh Circuit also denied Petitioner permission to file a second or successive § 2255 motion based on Rehaif. Id. Petitioner subsequently filed this petition under § 2241 on August 14, 2020. ECF No. 1 Petitioner argues that his § 922(g) is invalid after Rehaif, which held that the government must prove the defendant knew he possessed a firearm and that he knew he had the relevant status when he possessed the firearm in order to convict under § 922(g). “In the case at hand, the government failed to allege and prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Petitioner Steven Hartsfield had knowledge of the requisite elements of § 922(g). . . . Testimony reveals that Mr. Hartsfield did not know of
weapons that the government claim were in [the] car.” ECF No. 1-1 at 6-7. The United States argues this Court lacks jurisdiction under § 2241 and moves to dismiss the petition. ECF No. 4. Petitioner did not file any opposition to the motion. II. STANDARD OF REVIEW Title 28, Section 2243 of the United States Code provides in relevant part as follows: A court, justice or judge entertaining an application for a writ of habeas corpus shall forthwith award the writ or issue an order directing the respondent to show cause why the writ should not be granted, unless it appears from the application that the applicant or person detained is not entitled thereto. A pro se pleading is held to less stringent standards than more formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976); Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). A pro se habeas petition must be construed liberally. See Hunterson v. DiSabato, 308 F.3d 236, 243 (3d Cir. 2002). III. ANALYSIS Generally, a challenge to the validity of a federal conviction or sentence must be brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See Jackman v. Shartle, 535 F. App’x 87, 88 (3d Cir. 2013) (per curiam) (citing Okereke v. United States, 307 F.3d 117, 120 (3d Cir. 2002)). “[Section] 2255 expressly prohibits a district court from considering a challenge to a prisoner’s federal sentence under § 2241 unless the remedy under § 2255 is ‘inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.’” Snyder v. Dix, 588 F. App’x 205, 206 (3d Cir. 2015) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e)); see also In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d 245, 249 (3d Cir. 1997). Prisoners in the Third Circuit may use § 2241 to challenge their convictions only after two conditions are satisfied: (1) there must be “a claim of actual innocence on the theory that [the prisoner] is being detained for conduct that has subsequently been rendered non-criminal . . . in other words, when there is a change in statutory caselaw that applies
retroactively in cases on collateral review,” and (2) “the prisoner must be ‘otherwise barred from challenging the legality of the conviction under § 2255.’” Bruce v. Warden Lewisburg USP, 868 F.3d 170, 180 (3d Cir. 2017) (quoting United States v. Tyler, 732 F.3d 241, 246 (3d Cir. 2013)). Petitioner cannot satisfy the first requirement. In Rehaif, the Supreme Court held that “the Government must prove both that the defendant knew he possessed a firearm and that he knew he belonged to the relevant category of persons barred from possessing a firearm” to obtain a conviction under § 922(g). 139 S. Ct. 2191, 2200 (2019). Petitioner argues the Government failed to prove he knew firearms were present; he does not argue
he was unaware of his status. “Petitioner Steven Hartsfield’s status as a felon or as an illegal alien is not at question in regards to the status elements of § 922(g). However, he is actually innocent because the elements dealing with his ‘conduct’ were not proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” ECF No. 1-1 at 16. Indeed Petitioner cannot argue that he was unaware of his felon status because “Hartsfield stipulated that (1) he was a convicted felon and (2) that the firearm was in or affected interstate commerce; thus, the only element at issue was whether he knowingly possessed a firearm.” United States v. Gonzalez, 322 F. App’x 963, 970 (11th Cir. 2009). See also Greer v. United States, No. 19-8709, S. Ct. , 2021 WL
2405146, at *7 (U.S. June 14, 2021) (holding that on direct appeal “a Rehaif error is not a basis for plain-error relief unless the defendant first makes a sufficient argument or representation on appeal that he would have presented evidence at trial that he did not in fact know he was a felon.”). Rehaif did not address the possession element of § 922(g); therefore, any challenge to the sufficiency of the Government’s proof at trial could have been raised either on direct appeal or in a § 2255 motion. Accordingly, this Court lacks jurisdiction under § 2241. Whenever a civil action is filed in a court that lacks jurisdiction, “the court shall, if it is in the interests of justice, transfer such action . . . to any other such court
in which the action . . . could have been brought at the time it was filed.” 28 U.S.C. § 1631. The Court finds that it is not in the interests of justice to transfer this habeas petition to the Eleventh Circuit for consideration because that circuit has already denied Petitioner’s request to file a second or successive § 2255 motion based on Rehaif. In re: Steven Hartsfield, No. 19-15125-D (11th Cir. Jan. 24, 2020). IV. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction will be granted. An appropriate order will be
entered.
Dated: June 21, 2021 s/ Noel L. Hillman At Camden, New Jersey NOEL L. HILLMAN, U.S.D.J.