NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 4 2023 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
HARRIS L. WINNS, No. 22-16342
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 4:20-cv-06762-YGR
v. MEMORANDUM* EXELA ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS, INC.,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted August 2, 2023** San Francisco, California
Before: O’SCANNLAIN, SILVERMAN, and JOHNSTONE, Circuit Judges.
Harris L. Winns appeals pro se the district court’s grant of summary
judgment in favor of his former employer, Exela Enterprise Solutions, Inc., on his
claims under the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S.C. § 206(d)(1); the Age
Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq.;
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (“WARN”) Act, 29 U.S.C.
§ 2101 et seq.; 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1985(3); Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of
1964 (“Title VII”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.; and California law. We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court’s grant
of summary judgment, and may affirm on any grounds supported by the record.
Arcona, Inc. v. Farmacy Beauty, LLC, 976 F.3d 1074, 1077 (9th Cir. 2020). We
review for abuse of discretion a district court’s refusal to appoint counsel, Palmer
v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009), and its modifications to a pretrial
scheduling order, Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 607 (9th
Cir. 1992). We affirm.
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s race and
age-based discrimination and harassment claims under Title VII, the ADEA, and
California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”), Cal. Gov’t Code
§ 12940 et seq., because Winns did not raise these issues in his Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission charge and therefore failed to exhaust administrative
remedies. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 626(c)–(d), 633(b) (ADEA exhaustion requirement);
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 (Title VII exhaustion requirement); Cal. Gov’t Code
§ 12965(c) (FEHA exhaustion requirement).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s
defamation claim because Winns failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact
2 as to whether Exela published any false statement. See Taus v. Loftus, 151 P.3d
1185, 1209 (Cal. 2007) (setting forth the elements of a defamation claim under
California law, including the publication of a false statement).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for
conspiracy under 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) because he failed to raise a genuine dispute
of material fact as to the existence of a conspiracy to investigate him. See Sever v.
Alaska Pulp Corp., 978 F.2d 1529, 1536 (9th Cir. 1992) (setting forth the elements
of a claim under § 1985(3), including a conspiracy for the purpose of depriving a
person of equal protection of the laws).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for
retaliation in violation of Title VII and California Labor Code § 1102.5 because he
failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to any connection between an
adverse employment action and his protected activities. See Villiarimo v. Aloha
Island Air, Inc., 281 F.3d 1054, 1064 (9th Cir. 2002) (explaining that a plaintiff
can establish a prima facie case of retaliation under Title VII “by showing that:
1) he engaged in a protected activity; 2) he suffered an adverse employment
decision; and 3) there was a causal link between the protected activity and the
adverse employment decision”); Lawson v. PPG Architectural Finishes, Inc., 503
P.3d 659, 667 (Cal. 2022) (explaining that California law “places the burden on the
plaintiff [in an action under § 1102.5] to establish . . . that retaliation for an
3 employee’s protected activities was a contributing factor in a contested
employment action”).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for
violations of the California and federal Equal Pay Acts because he failed to raise a
genuine dispute of material fact as to whether “employees of the opposite sex were
paid different wages for equal work.” Freyd v. Univ. of Or., 990 F.3d 1211, 1219–
20 (9th Cir. 2021) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (explaining
requirements for a prima facie case under the Equal Pay Act); see Allen v. Staples,
Inc., 299 Cal. Rptr. 3d 779, 783 (Cal. Ct. App. 2022) (explaining that a prima facie
case under California Labor Code § 1197.5(a) includes a showing of “different
wages to employees doing substantially similar work under substantially similar
conditions” (quoting Hall v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 55 Cal. Rptr. 3d 732, 736 (Cal.
Ct. App. 2007))).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim of
discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1981. There was no genuine issue of material fact
as to whether Winns’s race was a “but-for” cause of any adverse employment
actions. See Comcast Corp. v. Nat’l Ass’n Afr. Am.-Owned Media, 140 S. Ct. 1009,
1014 (2020) (holding that a plaintiff bringing a § 1981 claim “bears the burden of
showing that race was a but-for cause of its injury”).
4 The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claims
for wrongful termination in violation of public policy, failure to prevent a hostile
work environment and retaliation, and negligent supervision. There was no
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 4 2023 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
HARRIS L. WINNS, No. 22-16342
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 4:20-cv-06762-YGR
v. MEMORANDUM* EXELA ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS, INC.,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted August 2, 2023** San Francisco, California
Before: O’SCANNLAIN, SILVERMAN, and JOHNSTONE, Circuit Judges.
Harris L. Winns appeals pro se the district court’s grant of summary
judgment in favor of his former employer, Exela Enterprise Solutions, Inc., on his
claims under the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S.C. § 206(d)(1); the Age
Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq.;
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (“WARN”) Act, 29 U.S.C.
§ 2101 et seq.; 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1985(3); Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of
1964 (“Title VII”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.; and California law. We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court’s grant
of summary judgment, and may affirm on any grounds supported by the record.
Arcona, Inc. v. Farmacy Beauty, LLC, 976 F.3d 1074, 1077 (9th Cir. 2020). We
review for abuse of discretion a district court’s refusal to appoint counsel, Palmer
v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009), and its modifications to a pretrial
scheduling order, Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 607 (9th
Cir. 1992). We affirm.
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s race and
age-based discrimination and harassment claims under Title VII, the ADEA, and
California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”), Cal. Gov’t Code
§ 12940 et seq., because Winns did not raise these issues in his Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission charge and therefore failed to exhaust administrative
remedies. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 626(c)–(d), 633(b) (ADEA exhaustion requirement);
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 (Title VII exhaustion requirement); Cal. Gov’t Code
§ 12965(c) (FEHA exhaustion requirement).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s
defamation claim because Winns failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact
2 as to whether Exela published any false statement. See Taus v. Loftus, 151 P.3d
1185, 1209 (Cal. 2007) (setting forth the elements of a defamation claim under
California law, including the publication of a false statement).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for
conspiracy under 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) because he failed to raise a genuine dispute
of material fact as to the existence of a conspiracy to investigate him. See Sever v.
Alaska Pulp Corp., 978 F.2d 1529, 1536 (9th Cir. 1992) (setting forth the elements
of a claim under § 1985(3), including a conspiracy for the purpose of depriving a
person of equal protection of the laws).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for
retaliation in violation of Title VII and California Labor Code § 1102.5 because he
failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to any connection between an
adverse employment action and his protected activities. See Villiarimo v. Aloha
Island Air, Inc., 281 F.3d 1054, 1064 (9th Cir. 2002) (explaining that a plaintiff
can establish a prima facie case of retaliation under Title VII “by showing that:
1) he engaged in a protected activity; 2) he suffered an adverse employment
decision; and 3) there was a causal link between the protected activity and the
adverse employment decision”); Lawson v. PPG Architectural Finishes, Inc., 503
P.3d 659, 667 (Cal. 2022) (explaining that California law “places the burden on the
plaintiff [in an action under § 1102.5] to establish . . . that retaliation for an
3 employee’s protected activities was a contributing factor in a contested
employment action”).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for
violations of the California and federal Equal Pay Acts because he failed to raise a
genuine dispute of material fact as to whether “employees of the opposite sex were
paid different wages for equal work.” Freyd v. Univ. of Or., 990 F.3d 1211, 1219–
20 (9th Cir. 2021) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (explaining
requirements for a prima facie case under the Equal Pay Act); see Allen v. Staples,
Inc., 299 Cal. Rptr. 3d 779, 783 (Cal. Ct. App. 2022) (explaining that a prima facie
case under California Labor Code § 1197.5(a) includes a showing of “different
wages to employees doing substantially similar work under substantially similar
conditions” (quoting Hall v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 55 Cal. Rptr. 3d 732, 736 (Cal.
Ct. App. 2007))).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim of
discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1981. There was no genuine issue of material fact
as to whether Winns’s race was a “but-for” cause of any adverse employment
actions. See Comcast Corp. v. Nat’l Ass’n Afr. Am.-Owned Media, 140 S. Ct. 1009,
1014 (2020) (holding that a plaintiff bringing a § 1981 claim “bears the burden of
showing that race was a but-for cause of its injury”).
4 The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claims
for wrongful termination in violation of public policy, failure to prevent a hostile
work environment and retaliation, and negligent supervision. There was no
genuine issue of material fact as to the underlying discrimination, harassment, and
retaliation on which the claims rested. See DeHorney v. Bank of Am. Nat’l Trust &
Sav. Ass’n, 879 F.2d 459, 465 (9th Cir. 1989) (explaining that where a claim for
wrongful termination in violation of public policy is founded on discrimination, the
plaintiff’s “failure to make a prima facie case of . . . discrimination disposes of this
claim as well”); Trujillo v. N. Cnty. Transit Dist., 73 Cal. Rptr. 2d 596, 601–02
(Cal. Ct. App. 1998) (affirming judgment for defendant on a claim of failure to
prevent a hostile work environment where the record lacked support for the
underlying allegations of discrimination and harassment).
The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s
purported WARN Act claim, premised on Exela’s failure to transfer him, because
the WARN Act contains no such transfer requirement. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 2101–
2109.
The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Winns’s request for
appointment of counsel because he failed to demonstrate “exceptional
circumstances” for the appointment of counsel under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1). See
Palmer, 560 F.3d at 970.
5 The district court did not abuse its discretion in granting Exela additional
time to conduct discovery because Exela showed good cause. Fed. R. Civ.
P. 16(b)(4). Further, the district court’s order vacating the trial date and related
deadlines pending its decision on the motion for summary judgment did not
prejudice Winns or affect his ability to conduct discovery and submit evidence in
opposition to Exela’s motion for summary judgment.
The record does not support Winns’s contentions of judicial bias. See Liteky
v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994) (“[J]udicial rulings alone almost never
constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.”).
Winns’s contention that the district court denied him his right to a jury trial
lacks merit. See In re Slatkin, 525 F.3d 805, 811 (9th Cir. 2008) (“[A] summary
judgment proceeding does not deprive the losing party of its Seventh Amendment
right to a jury trial.”).
Winns’s contention that the district court failed to give him required notice
of summary judgment lacks merit. See Jacobsen v. Filler, 790 F.2d 1362, 1364
(9th Cir. 1986) (rejecting required notice of summary judgment for pro se litigants
in an ordinary civil case); cf. Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 960–61 (9th Cir.
1998) (en banc) (explaining notice requirements for pro se prisoners).
6 Winn’s request to transmit physical and documentary exhibits, filed on
November 22, 2022 (Dkt. No. 5), is denied as unnecessary. The items in the
motion are available on the electronic district court docket or have been
transmitted upon this Court’s request.
AFFIRMED.