UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF IDAHO
MIRSAD HAJRO, Case No. 1:21-cv-00468-DCN Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM DECISION AND v. ORDER
THOMAS SULLIVAN ET AL.,
Defendant.
I. INTRODUCTION Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Mirsad Hajro’s Amended Complaint (Dkt. 10), Supplement (Dkt. 12), and Application for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Dkt. 9). Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915, the Court must review Hajro’s request to determine whether he is entitled to proceed in forma pauperis, which permits civil litigants to proceed without prepayment of the filing fee or to pay the filing fee over time. Rice v. City of Boise City, 2013 WL 6385657, at *1 (D. Idaho Dec. 6, 2013). Because he is filing to proceed in forma pauperis, the Court must also undertake an initial review of Hajro’s Amended Complaint to ensure it meets the minimum required standards. For the reasons explained below, the Court GRANTS Hajro’s application to proceed in forma pauperis and will allow him to pay the filing fee over time. However, the Court finds Hajro’s Amended Complaint legally insufficient to survive initial review and must DISMISS the instant complaint at this time. Hajro may file a timely Second Amended Complaint consistent with this decision. II. APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS “[A]ny court of the United States may authorize the commencement, prosecution or defense of any suit, action or proceeding, civil or criminal . . . without prepayment of fees
or security therefor.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). In order to qualify for in forma pauperis status, a plaintiff must submit an affidavit that includes a statement of all assets he possesses and indicates that he is unable to pay the fee required. The affidavit is sufficient if it states that the plaintiff, because of his poverty, cannot “pay or give security for the costs” and still be able to provide for himself and dependents “with necessities of life.”
Adkins v. E.I. DuPont de Numours & Co., 335 U.S. 331, 339 (1948). The affidavit must “state the facts as to affiant’s poverty with some particularity, definiteness and certainty.” United States v. McQuade, 647 F.2d 938, 940 (9th Cir. 1981) (cleaned up). The Court has examined Hajro’s renewed application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs and finds it does not conclusively establish his indigence. Hajro’s Application
to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Dkt. 9) is almost identical to his first application (Dkt. 1) and scant on details, leaving the Court to piecemeal Hajro’s financial situation together from his limited answers. Hajro appears to have an income of roughly $1320.00 per month—derived from a combination of employment, self-employment, and public- assistance. Dkt. 9, at 2. Additionally, while Hajro asserts that his expenditures are only
$1465.00 per month (thus indicating no significant surplus or deficit of income), he also states that he has significant debts owing to child support, approximately $6900, whereas in his first application he owed $4000. Dkt. 9, at 4–5. While Hajro does not appear to have much discretionary income, he has not sufficiently proven his indigence under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 because (1) his monthly deficit is not substantial and (2) he makes enough money to afford payment of a filing fee. Therefore, Hajro may not proceed without the payment of the requisite filing fees. As previously ordered, the Court will allow Hajro the
opportunity to pay the fee over time to reduce the financial burden. Hajro will be required to pay the fee in $50 monthly installments. Such a requirement balances Hajro’s financial condition with the need for deterring plaintiffs from bringing frivolous lawsuits by having a stake in the litigation. As will be explained in the next section, however, the Court must dismiss this case
due to Hajro’s inadequate allegations.1 III. SUFFICIENCY OF COMPLAINT The Court is required to screen complaints that are brought by litigants who seek in forma pauperis status. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). The Court must dismiss a plaintiff’s complaint, or any portion thereof, if it: (1) is frivolous or malicious; (2) fails to state a claim
upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i–iii). To state a claim upon which relief can be granted, a plaintiff’s complaint must include facts sufficient to show a plausible claim for relief. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 677–78 (2009). During this initial review, courts generally construe pro se pleadings liberally,
giving pro se plaintiffs the benefit of any doubt. See Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 447
1 The Court requested an amended complaint on February 8, 2022, in its Memorandum Decision and Order (Dkt. 5). To date, Hajro has filed an Amended Complaint (Dkt. 11) on April 19, 2022, and submitted a Supplement (Dkt. 12) on April 20, 2022. (9th Cir. 2000). Even so, plaintiffs—whether represented or not—have the burden of articulating their claims clearly and alleging facts sufficient to support review of each claim. Pena v. Gardner, 976 F.2d 469, 471 (9th Cir. 1992). Additionally, if amending the
complaint would remedy the deficiencies, plaintiffs should be notified and provided an opportunity to amend. See Jackson v. Carey, 353 F.3d 750, 758 (9th Cir. 2003). This Court is a court of limited jurisdiction and as such can only hear cases and controversies that involve a federal question (28 U.S.C. § 1331) or satisfy federal diversity jurisdiction requirements (28 U.S.C. § 1332). The Court will have original jurisdiction “of
all civil action arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” Id. Additionally, the Court will have supplemental jurisdiction “…over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1367. In this case, Hajro amended his complaint to levy various allegations against a total
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF IDAHO
MIRSAD HAJRO, Case No. 1:21-cv-00468-DCN Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM DECISION AND v. ORDER
THOMAS SULLIVAN ET AL.,
Defendant.
I. INTRODUCTION Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Mirsad Hajro’s Amended Complaint (Dkt. 10), Supplement (Dkt. 12), and Application for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Dkt. 9). Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915, the Court must review Hajro’s request to determine whether he is entitled to proceed in forma pauperis, which permits civil litigants to proceed without prepayment of the filing fee or to pay the filing fee over time. Rice v. City of Boise City, 2013 WL 6385657, at *1 (D. Idaho Dec. 6, 2013). Because he is filing to proceed in forma pauperis, the Court must also undertake an initial review of Hajro’s Amended Complaint to ensure it meets the minimum required standards. For the reasons explained below, the Court GRANTS Hajro’s application to proceed in forma pauperis and will allow him to pay the filing fee over time. However, the Court finds Hajro’s Amended Complaint legally insufficient to survive initial review and must DISMISS the instant complaint at this time. Hajro may file a timely Second Amended Complaint consistent with this decision. II. APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS “[A]ny court of the United States may authorize the commencement, prosecution or defense of any suit, action or proceeding, civil or criminal . . . without prepayment of fees
or security therefor.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). In order to qualify for in forma pauperis status, a plaintiff must submit an affidavit that includes a statement of all assets he possesses and indicates that he is unable to pay the fee required. The affidavit is sufficient if it states that the plaintiff, because of his poverty, cannot “pay or give security for the costs” and still be able to provide for himself and dependents “with necessities of life.”
Adkins v. E.I. DuPont de Numours & Co., 335 U.S. 331, 339 (1948). The affidavit must “state the facts as to affiant’s poverty with some particularity, definiteness and certainty.” United States v. McQuade, 647 F.2d 938, 940 (9th Cir. 1981) (cleaned up). The Court has examined Hajro’s renewed application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs and finds it does not conclusively establish his indigence. Hajro’s Application
to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Dkt. 9) is almost identical to his first application (Dkt. 1) and scant on details, leaving the Court to piecemeal Hajro’s financial situation together from his limited answers. Hajro appears to have an income of roughly $1320.00 per month—derived from a combination of employment, self-employment, and public- assistance. Dkt. 9, at 2. Additionally, while Hajro asserts that his expenditures are only
$1465.00 per month (thus indicating no significant surplus or deficit of income), he also states that he has significant debts owing to child support, approximately $6900, whereas in his first application he owed $4000. Dkt. 9, at 4–5. While Hajro does not appear to have much discretionary income, he has not sufficiently proven his indigence under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 because (1) his monthly deficit is not substantial and (2) he makes enough money to afford payment of a filing fee. Therefore, Hajro may not proceed without the payment of the requisite filing fees. As previously ordered, the Court will allow Hajro the
opportunity to pay the fee over time to reduce the financial burden. Hajro will be required to pay the fee in $50 monthly installments. Such a requirement balances Hajro’s financial condition with the need for deterring plaintiffs from bringing frivolous lawsuits by having a stake in the litigation. As will be explained in the next section, however, the Court must dismiss this case
due to Hajro’s inadequate allegations.1 III. SUFFICIENCY OF COMPLAINT The Court is required to screen complaints that are brought by litigants who seek in forma pauperis status. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). The Court must dismiss a plaintiff’s complaint, or any portion thereof, if it: (1) is frivolous or malicious; (2) fails to state a claim
upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i–iii). To state a claim upon which relief can be granted, a plaintiff’s complaint must include facts sufficient to show a plausible claim for relief. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 677–78 (2009). During this initial review, courts generally construe pro se pleadings liberally,
giving pro se plaintiffs the benefit of any doubt. See Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 447
1 The Court requested an amended complaint on February 8, 2022, in its Memorandum Decision and Order (Dkt. 5). To date, Hajro has filed an Amended Complaint (Dkt. 11) on April 19, 2022, and submitted a Supplement (Dkt. 12) on April 20, 2022. (9th Cir. 2000). Even so, plaintiffs—whether represented or not—have the burden of articulating their claims clearly and alleging facts sufficient to support review of each claim. Pena v. Gardner, 976 F.2d 469, 471 (9th Cir. 1992). Additionally, if amending the
complaint would remedy the deficiencies, plaintiffs should be notified and provided an opportunity to amend. See Jackson v. Carey, 353 F.3d 750, 758 (9th Cir. 2003). This Court is a court of limited jurisdiction and as such can only hear cases and controversies that involve a federal question (28 U.S.C. § 1331) or satisfy federal diversity jurisdiction requirements (28 U.S.C. § 1332). The Court will have original jurisdiction “of
all civil action arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” Id. Additionally, the Court will have supplemental jurisdiction “…over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1367. In this case, Hajro amended his complaint to levy various allegations against a total
of nineteen defendants.2 Hajro’s complaint lacks any degree of specificity as to how those defendants were involved and merely listed a generic statement of a failure to perform their duties. Dkt. 12, at 3–6. Hajro lists alleged violations of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Sixteenth Amendments of the Constitution. Dkt. 10, at 3. He also alleges violations of Article 1 Section 9 Clause 8, Article 1 Section
10 Clause 1, and Article 6 paragraph 2 of the Constitution. Id. Hajro also generically alleges that each of the nineteen named defendants, with the
2 Hajro dropped his claims against Law/Alternatives/PLLC Law Firm in his Amended Complaint. He retained the other nine original defendants. exception of his former spouse Jennifer Hajro, failed to perform their duty and set the illegal standard for the state, and did trespass, maliciously prosecute, maliciously harass, human trafficking, threaten, inflict intentional emotional distress to Affirmant subjecting Affirmant and his offspring to sever mental anguish and emotional distress and depriving Affirmant of his federally protected American with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title II rights and trespassing on his rights.
Id. at 8–11. He does not provide any factual details about the alleged violations. Id. As for Jennifer Hajro, he alleges that she did: trespass, maliciously prosecute, maliciously harass, attempted murder, forced his offspring to participation in medical experiments threaten, coerce, inflict intentional emotional distress, human trafficking, committed domestic violence to Affirmant while in the presence of his minor offspring, abandonment minor offspring, began fraudulent litigation in attempts to extort Affirmant, intentionally and willfully inflict legal and emotional abuse subjecting Affirmant and his offspring to severe mental anguish and emotional distress.
Id. at 8. Similarly, Hajro provides no factual details about the alleged actions. As to Risa Mortensen, Hajro alleges that defendant “did trespass Affirmant’s and his offspring’s rights when she mentally manipulated Affirmant’s daughter and brought false testimonies destroying affectionate relation between them and trespassing his rights including the right to intimate association.” Id. at 11. Hajro also alleges that “Risa got terminated by the court for her repeated verbal and written false testimonies.” Again, Hajro does not provide any factual details about the alleged actions. Id. Further, Hajro requests damages in the amount of $550 million from each defendant totaling $10.45 billion, which is unreasonably high. At face value, Hajro’s Amended Complaint contains issues arising from alleged violations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 which sets forth civil liability for anyone who—acting under the color of state or federal law—deprives a person of their constitutional rights. While certain persons will be liable for their actions under § 1983, the statute makes clear there
is an exception: “except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer’s judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable.” 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (emphasis added). This notion holds true because judges have long been accorded absolute immunity from actions for damages for their judicial acts. See Wyatt v. Cole, 112
S. Ct. 1827 (1992). Further, the common law recognizes several absolute immunities from suit under § 1983. Among these recognized immunities, state court judges have absolute immunity from suit for damages arising from their judicial acts unless they act in a complete absence of jurisdiction. See Mireles v. Waco, 112 S. Ct. 286 (1991). Richard Bevan, Thomas Sullivan, Davis Vandervelde, and George Southworth all likely have
absolute immunity from suit for damages arising from their judicial acts. Hajro’s Amended Complaint also contains issues arising from alleged violations of Title II of the ADA, which is applicable to public services and requires public entities to take steps towards making existing services equally accessible to people with communication disabilities, but only insofar as doing so does not pose an undue burden or
require a fundamental alteration of their programs. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, § 2 et seq., 42 U.S.C.A. § 12101 et seq; see Payan v. Los Angeles Cmty. Coll. Dist., 11 F.4th 729, 737 (9th Cir. 2021). Hajro’s claims do not specify how Title II of the ADA applies to the facts alleged. All of Hajro’s claims lack specificity and any indication of what legal theory he is relying on against any specific defendant. It is, frankly, difficult to parse out what exactly is at issue in this case. The Court cannot allow a lawsuit to proceed until Hajro can allege
actual, specific facts against named individuals or entities and identify what law or statue was violated and why he is entitled to relief. Hajro must provide specific facts that are sufficient to show a plausible claim for relief. Here, Hajro provides conclusory statements about what he perceives are violations of his rights. As the Amended Complaint stands now there is a lack of factual details, and
his Amended Complaint must be dismissed. If amending a complaint would remedy its deficiencies, then courts should provide plaintiffs an opportunity to do so. See Jackson v. Carey, 353 F.3d 750, 758 (9th Cir. 2003). Here, because Hajro may be able to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the Court will allow him an opportunity to further amend to remedy the following deficiencies.
First, Hajro must state a specific plausible legal claim and the theory upon which that claim rests. Second, Hajro must detail the entire factual background giving rise to his claim. Allegations unsupported by fact will not be accepted. Finally, due to the lack of facts in Hajro’s Amended Complaint, the Court is also unsure whether it has jurisdiction over this dispute in the first place. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. Hajro must
explain how this court has jurisdiction to hear this specific claim. IV. CONCLUSION While Hajro does not have excessive discretionary income, he does have sufficient funds to pay the required filing fee over time for a federal lawsuit. Additionally, the Court finds that Hajro has not sufficiently established that this Court has jurisdiction over the claims he wishes to bring. In like manner, the Court determines that Hajro has not supported his claims with pertinent facts and that his claims against four defendants are
almost certainly barred because Chief Justice Bevan, Judge Sullivan, Judge Vandervelde, and Judge Southworth enjoy absolute immunity from suit. In sum, Hajro may not proceed without amending his Complaint again, if he so chooses. V. ORDER 1. Hajro’s Application for Leave to Proceed in District Court without prepaying
fees or costs (Dkt. 9) is GRANTED. Hajro need not prepay the fee in full; however, he must pay $50.00 per month to the Clerk of Court, on or before the last day of each month, until the filing fee is paid in full. Failure, at any time, to comply with this payment schedule will result in dismissal of this case without further notice. Hajro shall not be required to begin payments until his Complaint
survives the Court’s initial review. 2. Hajro’s Amended Complaint (Dkt. 10) and Supplement (Dkt. 11) are DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. Hajro’s Complaint is deficient as he has not provided any supporting facts to his claims or established this Court’s jurisdiction in the matter. The Court grants Hajro leave to file a Second Amended
Complaint in substantial compliance with the Court’s analysis above. Hajro must file his Second Amended Complaint within thirty (30) days of the issuance of this Order. 3. Failure to file a Second Amended Complaint within the ordered timeframe will result in the full dismissal of this case WITH PREJUDICE and without further notice.
“< DATED: May 5, 2022 4 aN ° RSG) / dese Mae } | py =CDavid C. Nye Si Chief U.S. District Court Judge
ORDER - 9