Gill, J.
One J. H. Bingham was a contractor with the City of Kansas to construct a first-class sidewalk along a portion of Main street, and defendant Ridge, the owner of certain abutting lots. After the completion of the work tax bills were issued by the proper officer and delivered to Bingham (or rather to Guinotte, his assignee), and- this suit is brought by Guinotte, under an alleged assignment from. Bingham to enforce payment of six of these tax bills charged against as many [258]*258lots owned by Ridge. The parties waived triad by jury, and submitted the cause to the court below, where plaintiff had judgment, and defendant appealed.
I. There are two grounds relied on for reversal: First, It is contended that there was no evidence tending to show that Guinotte was the legal owner or was entitled to sue on the tax bills as trustee or otherwise. We must decide this point against the defendant. To establish his right to sue, plaintiff at the trial offered the two instruments of writing following:
‘ ‘ For value received I hereby sell, assign and transfer to George Todd an undivided one-half interest in my contract with the City of Kansas, dated January 6, 1886, to construct a first-class sidewalk on a part of Main street, in pursuance to ordinance 31347 of the City of Kansas, approved October 6, 1885, it being hereby intended to make said Todd my full partner in said contract, and the proceeds thereof, after paying all lawful claims and expenses arising out of the execution of said contract, to be equally divided between said Todd and myself. And it is hereby mutually agreed that J. E. Guinotte, authorized by power of attorney, this day given by me, receive and receipt for to the city engineer of said city for tax bills issued in pursuance of said ordinance and contract, and hold and collect said tax bills in trust for said Todd and myself and pay out of same, first, all debts and expenses growing out of said contract; second, divide balance of said tax bills or proceeds equal^ between us.
“J. H. Bingham.”
“general power of attorney..
“Know all men by these presents, that I, J. H.' Bingham, of the City of Kansas, county of Jackson, in the state of Missouri, have made, constituted and appointed, and by these presents do make, constitute and appoint, J. E. Guinotte my true and lawful attorney for me, and in my name, place and stead to receive from and receipt to the city engineer of the City of Kansas all [259]*259tax bills to be issued to me in pursuance of my contract with said city, under ordinance number 31347, entitled ‘An ordinance to construct a first-class sidewalk on a part-of Main street, approved October 16, 1885,’ giving and granting to my said attorney full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes,, as I might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution or revocation, hereby ratifying and confirming all that my said attorney may or shall lawfully do, or cause to be done, by virtue hereof. In testimony whereof I have hereunto' set my hand and seal this ninth day of January, 1886.
“ [Seal.] J. H. Bingham.”
The contention seems to be: First, that these writings, signed by the party to whom the tax bills were to be issued under the contract with the city, only empowered Guinotte to “receive and receipt ” for the. said tax bills — that this was the extent of his authority-While the construction of the words in the power of attorney may be subject to doubt, yet the other paper,, executed at the same time, leaves no room to question; the intention of the parties. It is there provided that. “ J. E. Guinotte (authorized by power of attorney this, day given by me) receive and receipt for to the city engineer of said city for tax bills issued in pursuance of' said ordinance and contract, and hold and collect said, tax bills in trust for said Todd and myself,” etc. Here-clearly appears a declaration of intention by the holder-of the tax bills that Guinotte take the same and proceed to collect for. the joint benefit of Todd and Bingham, and with “full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises,” etc. If the.bills were not paid, then Guinotte was manifestly authorized to sue in his own name for the. enforcement thereof. He was made a trustee of an [260]*260«express trust, and as such was authorized to sue in his •own name, without joining with him the person for whose benefit the suit is prosecuted. R. S. 1889, sec., 1191. That Todd did not sign or execute any written authority to Guinotte, is of no consequence. The tax bills stood in the name of, and were owned by, Bingham, and he agreed to turn over the one-half net proceeds to Todd; and if Todd accepted this transfer then he took the same with its incumbrance, to-wit, the authorization to Guinotte to receive the same, and collect, by suit or otherwise. In the transfer to Todd this express reservation is made, and he, therefore, took the assignment of said beneficial interest cum ones'e. Tureman v. Stephens, 83 Mo. 218.
II. The remaining assignment of error is thus •expressed by defendant’s counsel: “Because the court ■erred in refusing to permit the appellant, in the trial of said cause, to introduce evidence tending to show that the contractor, Bingham, had not constructed the sidewalk in question according to the terms of his contract, and the ordinance of the City of Kansas under which said contract was made.” The evidence here alluded to, and which was by the court excluded, was of this nature : That the sidewalk was not laid upon a bed, five inches in depth, of sharp, coarse, river sand, as provided by the ordinance for the work, but on the other hand that it was laid upon a bed compiosed of ashes, cinders and refuse matter, and that, because of its being bedded on inferior material, the said walk was unsubstantial and inferior. . Under the state of the pleadings in this case the exclusion of this evidence was entirely proper. The ansvver to each count consisted of a general denial, except only an admission of the incorporation of the City of Kansas, and that an ordinance had been passed providing for the sidewalk in question. The trial court in sustaining the objection to this testimony is well supported by the uniform rulings of the courts of this state. The correct rule was well expressed by our supreme [261]*261•court twenty years ago. In Northrup v. Ins. Co., 47 Mo. 444, it was said: “The defendant, by merely answering the allegations in the plaintiff ’ s petition, can only try such questions of fact as are necessary to sustain the plaintiff’s case. If he intends to rely upon any matter which goes to defeat or avoid the plaintiff’s action he must set forth in clear and precise terms each .substantive fact intended to be relied on. It follows that, whenever a defendant intends to rest his defense upon any fact which is not included in the allegations necessary to the support of the plaintiff’s case, he must set it out according to the statute in ordinary and concise language, else he will be precluded from giving evidence of it upon the trial.” To same effect see Hyde v. Hazel, 43 Mo. App. 668 ; Bliss on Code Pl., sec. 352 ; Kersey v. Garton, 77 Mo. 647; Cumiskey v. Williams 20 Mo. App. 611; Williams v. Mellon, 56 Mo. 263; Hudson v. Railroad, 101 Mo. 29.
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Gill, J.
One J. H. Bingham was a contractor with the City of Kansas to construct a first-class sidewalk along a portion of Main street, and defendant Ridge, the owner of certain abutting lots. After the completion of the work tax bills were issued by the proper officer and delivered to Bingham (or rather to Guinotte, his assignee), and- this suit is brought by Guinotte, under an alleged assignment from. Bingham to enforce payment of six of these tax bills charged against as many [258]*258lots owned by Ridge. The parties waived triad by jury, and submitted the cause to the court below, where plaintiff had judgment, and defendant appealed.
I. There are two grounds relied on for reversal: First, It is contended that there was no evidence tending to show that Guinotte was the legal owner or was entitled to sue on the tax bills as trustee or otherwise. We must decide this point against the defendant. To establish his right to sue, plaintiff at the trial offered the two instruments of writing following:
‘ ‘ For value received I hereby sell, assign and transfer to George Todd an undivided one-half interest in my contract with the City of Kansas, dated January 6, 1886, to construct a first-class sidewalk on a part of Main street, in pursuance to ordinance 31347 of the City of Kansas, approved October 6, 1885, it being hereby intended to make said Todd my full partner in said contract, and the proceeds thereof, after paying all lawful claims and expenses arising out of the execution of said contract, to be equally divided between said Todd and myself. And it is hereby mutually agreed that J. E. Guinotte, authorized by power of attorney, this day given by me, receive and receipt for to the city engineer of said city for tax bills issued in pursuance of said ordinance and contract, and hold and collect said tax bills in trust for said Todd and myself and pay out of same, first, all debts and expenses growing out of said contract; second, divide balance of said tax bills or proceeds equal^ between us.
“J. H. Bingham.”
“general power of attorney..
“Know all men by these presents, that I, J. H.' Bingham, of the City of Kansas, county of Jackson, in the state of Missouri, have made, constituted and appointed, and by these presents do make, constitute and appoint, J. E. Guinotte my true and lawful attorney for me, and in my name, place and stead to receive from and receipt to the city engineer of the City of Kansas all [259]*259tax bills to be issued to me in pursuance of my contract with said city, under ordinance number 31347, entitled ‘An ordinance to construct a first-class sidewalk on a part-of Main street, approved October 16, 1885,’ giving and granting to my said attorney full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes,, as I might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution or revocation, hereby ratifying and confirming all that my said attorney may or shall lawfully do, or cause to be done, by virtue hereof. In testimony whereof I have hereunto' set my hand and seal this ninth day of January, 1886.
“ [Seal.] J. H. Bingham.”
The contention seems to be: First, that these writings, signed by the party to whom the tax bills were to be issued under the contract with the city, only empowered Guinotte to “receive and receipt ” for the. said tax bills — that this was the extent of his authority-While the construction of the words in the power of attorney may be subject to doubt, yet the other paper,, executed at the same time, leaves no room to question; the intention of the parties. It is there provided that. “ J. E. Guinotte (authorized by power of attorney this, day given by me) receive and receipt for to the city engineer of said city for tax bills issued in pursuance of' said ordinance and contract, and hold and collect said, tax bills in trust for said Todd and myself,” etc. Here-clearly appears a declaration of intention by the holder-of the tax bills that Guinotte take the same and proceed to collect for. the joint benefit of Todd and Bingham, and with “full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises,” etc. If the.bills were not paid, then Guinotte was manifestly authorized to sue in his own name for the. enforcement thereof. He was made a trustee of an [260]*260«express trust, and as such was authorized to sue in his •own name, without joining with him the person for whose benefit the suit is prosecuted. R. S. 1889, sec., 1191. That Todd did not sign or execute any written authority to Guinotte, is of no consequence. The tax bills stood in the name of, and were owned by, Bingham, and he agreed to turn over the one-half net proceeds to Todd; and if Todd accepted this transfer then he took the same with its incumbrance, to-wit, the authorization to Guinotte to receive the same, and collect, by suit or otherwise. In the transfer to Todd this express reservation is made, and he, therefore, took the assignment of said beneficial interest cum ones'e. Tureman v. Stephens, 83 Mo. 218.
II. The remaining assignment of error is thus •expressed by defendant’s counsel: “Because the court ■erred in refusing to permit the appellant, in the trial of said cause, to introduce evidence tending to show that the contractor, Bingham, had not constructed the sidewalk in question according to the terms of his contract, and the ordinance of the City of Kansas under which said contract was made.” The evidence here alluded to, and which was by the court excluded, was of this nature : That the sidewalk was not laid upon a bed, five inches in depth, of sharp, coarse, river sand, as provided by the ordinance for the work, but on the other hand that it was laid upon a bed compiosed of ashes, cinders and refuse matter, and that, because of its being bedded on inferior material, the said walk was unsubstantial and inferior. . Under the state of the pleadings in this case the exclusion of this evidence was entirely proper. The ansvver to each count consisted of a general denial, except only an admission of the incorporation of the City of Kansas, and that an ordinance had been passed providing for the sidewalk in question. The trial court in sustaining the objection to this testimony is well supported by the uniform rulings of the courts of this state. The correct rule was well expressed by our supreme [261]*261•court twenty years ago. In Northrup v. Ins. Co., 47 Mo. 444, it was said: “The defendant, by merely answering the allegations in the plaintiff ’ s petition, can only try such questions of fact as are necessary to sustain the plaintiff’s case. If he intends to rely upon any matter which goes to defeat or avoid the plaintiff’s action he must set forth in clear and precise terms each .substantive fact intended to be relied on. It follows that, whenever a defendant intends to rest his defense upon any fact which is not included in the allegations necessary to the support of the plaintiff’s case, he must set it out according to the statute in ordinary and concise language, else he will be precluded from giving evidence of it upon the trial.” To same effect see Hyde v. Hazel, 43 Mo. App. 668 ; Bliss on Code Pl., sec. 352 ; Kersey v. Garton, 77 Mo. 647; Cumiskey v. Williams 20 Mo. App. 611; Williams v. Mellon, 56 Mo. 263; Hudson v. Railroad, 101 Mo. 29.
It is then only the material (necessary) allegations •of the petition which are to be tried on a general denial. The Kansas City charter, which authorized this work and the said tax bills, provides how the said bills may be enforced, as well as to what is necessary to be alleged in the petition. “ It shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to plead the making and issue of the tax bill sued on, giving the date and contents thereof, and assignment thereof in case of assignment, filing the same, and allege that the party or parties, made defendants, own or claim to own the land charged or some estate or interest therein as the case may be.” Charter Laws, 1875, sec. 4, art. 8, p. 252. And it is there, too, further provided in effect that the owner may plead in defense the imperfect character of the work, etc. So then it is clear that the plaintiff here was not' required to allege affirmatively in his petition that the work for which the tax bills were issued was well and faithfully done, as provided by the contract or ordinance. And as he was not required to so plead, neither was he required to prove the same. [262]*262The tax-bills when presented made a prima facie case, and, if defendant desired to raise any question as to the character of the workmanship, such defense should have been specially alleged in the answer. The allegation in plaintiff’s petition, “that the work was done and the materials were furnished by said Bingham in full accordance with the terms, and by virtue of the contract, etc., and a general denial thereto did not produce the triable issue here contended for. The general denial of the answer only puts in issue, and permits a trial of, the allegations necessary to the support of the plaintiff ’ s case. Whatever then may be voluntarily stated in the petition — whatever facts may be there alleged which are unnecessary to sustain plaintiff’s case — such allegations are merely surplusage, and, even if defendant should in his answer deny the same, yet he will not be allowed to give evidence thereon, because not set out in his answer according to the statute in ordinary and concise language. This rule of pleading is forcibly illustrated in the late case of Hudson v. Railroad, supra. It was there alleged in plaintiff’s petition “ that by said negligent acts, and without fault on his part, he was then and there caught between two of said cars,” etc., and the answer thereto was a general denial. It was contended that thereby the issue of contributory negligence was raised. But the court decided otherwise, and held that notwithstanding such unnecessary averment by plaintiff in his petition (that the injury occurred “ without fault on his part”) a general denial in'the answer did not raise the issue of contributory negligence. The cases cited by defendant’s counsel, all of which we have examined, do not conflict with this position.
Judgment affirmed.
All concur.