Government of the Virgin Islands v. Quetel

18 V.I. 145, 1982 WL 976063, 1982 V.I. LEXIS 143
CourtSupreme Court of The Virgin Islands
DecidedFebruary 26, 1982
DocketCivil No. F40-1980
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 18 V.I. 145 (Government of the Virgin Islands v. Quetel) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Government of the Virgin Islands v. Quetel, 18 V.I. 145, 1982 WL 976063, 1982 V.I. LEXIS 143 (virginislands 1982).

Opinion

HODGE, Presiding Judge

OPINION

I. INTRODUCTION

The defendant has moved to dismiss this case on the grounds (1) that his right to a speedy trial under the Speedy Trial Act, 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 3161-3174 (Supp. 1980) (hereinafter Act) and the Plan for the Disposition of Criminal Cases adopted thereunder (hereinafter Plan) has been violated, (2) that his right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution has been violated, and (3) that his right under the Equal Protection clause.of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution has been violated. For the reasons which follow, the court concludes (1) that neither the Act nor the Plan is applicable to criminal proceedings in the Territorial Court, (2) that the defendant’s right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment has been violated, and (3) that since the defendant’s motion to dismiss will be granted on Sixth Amendment grounds, his Equal Protection claim need not be addressed.

II. FACTS

The defendant is charged with the unauthorized use of a vehicle in violation of 14 V.I.C. § 1382, operating a motor vehicle in a negligent manner in violation of 20 V.I.C. § 503, failing to give his name, address, license number, etc., to the person injured, and to give a report of the accident to the police in violation of 20 V.I.C. § 541. The information was filed on July 1,1980, the arraignment took place on July 25, 1980, and a jury trial was demanded. A pre-trial conference was held on November 25, 1980, and jury trial was set for December 1, 1980. At the pre-trial conference, the Government moved to continue the trial date but withdrew its motion when defendant objected. Due to a crowded docket, the court on its own motion continued the case. Subsequently, another pre-trial conference was [148]*148scheduled for March 25, 1981, and a trial date was set for March 30, 1981. Defendant filed his motion to dismiss on March 12, 1981, prior to the rescheduled pre-trial date. Similar motions were being filed by other defendants whose cases were pending in the Territorial Court. In view of the similarity of the defendant’s claims, particularly with respect to the time limitations of the Speedy Trial Act and the Speedy Trial Plan, all motions were taken under advisement while an attempt was made to get an en banc opinion from all judges of the Territorial Court. After substantial discussions and review of draft opinions, this attempt proved unsuccessful, and each judge was advised to render individual opinions, if necessary. This opinion follows that decision.

III. APPLICABILITY OF THE ACT & PLAN-PER SE

The goal of the Act is to dispose of federal criminal cases with reasonable dispatch, and it specifically states that it applies only to federal offenses. 18 U.S.C. § 3172(2).1 Under 18 U.S.C. § 3165 each federal district court was mandated to conduct a continuing study of the administration of its criminal justice system and to prepare Speedy Trial plans in accordance with the Act. Pursuant to this mandate, the United States District Court for the Virgin Islands submitted its Plan to the Judicial Council for the Third Judicial Circuit in June 1978 which approved the Plan. The Plan adopts the maximum time limits of the Act: thirty days from the date of arrest or service of summons allowed for the filing of the information; ten days from the date of the information allowed for arraignment; and sixty days from the arraignment allowed for trial. Plan pp. II-2-II-6.

Since the Act applies only to federal offenses, and since the District Court has jurisdiction over both federal and territorial offenses, the District Court was faced with the possibility of applying the Act and its Plan to those defendants charged with federal offenses but denying its application to those defendants charged with territorial offenses. In order to provide consistency in the treatment of all defendants brought before it, the District Court chose to apply its Plan to territorial offenses tried in that court. Plan, p. II-l. Although the District Court indicated in the Plan that [149]*149it favored an amendment to the Act to make it applicable to criminal statutes enacted by territorial legislatures, no such amendment has been adopted by the United States Congress. Moreover, no speedy trial act has been enacted by the Virgin Islands Legislature and no speedy trial plan has been adopted for the Territorial Court, which has jurisdiction over territorial offenses only. Thus, it is obvious that neither the Act nor Plan applies, per se, to criminal proceedings in the Territorial Court.

IV. APPLICABILITY OF THE ACT & PLAN-RULE 7

Despite the inapplicability of the Act and Plan per se, the defendant argues that 5 V.I.C. App. IV, Rule 7 requires the practice and procedure of the Territorial Court to conform to that of the District Court, and that since the District Court applies the Act and Plan to territorial offenses tried in that court, the Territorial Court must do likewise.

5 V.I.C. App. IV, Rule 7 of the Territorial Court Rules states in part as follows:

The practice and procedure in the municipal court shall conform as nearly as may be to that in the district court in like causes, except where there is an express provision in the law or these rules to the contrary...2 (emphasis supplied).

Since the Territorial Court and the District Court have concurrent jurisdiction over territorial offenses punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment, such criminal cases are triable in both courts. Rule 7 therefore attempts to insure that the Territorial Court procedures are consistent, as nearly as possible, with those of the District Court. Significantly, however, Rule 7 makes it clear that it does not apply where there is an express provision in the law to the contrary. Moreover, even where it is applicable Rule 7 does not mandate verbatim adoption of the practice and procedure of the District Court, for it requires only that they conform as nearly as possible in similar causes of action.

In this case, since the Act specifically limits its application to federal offenses, such an express provision renders Rule 7 inapplicable under these circumstances. Further, the Plan, by its terms, applies to proceedings in the District Court only, was adopted after consid[150]*150ering only the needs and resources of the District Court,3 and does not indicate in any way that it is to apply to proceedings in the Territorial Court. Clearly, if the District Court intended to make the Plan applicable to proceedings in the Territorial Court it could have so stated.

Moreover, it is obvious that before a Speedy Trial Plan can be formulated for the Territorial Court, its needs and resources and those of the Attorney General’s Office, the Territorial Public Defender’s office, the Territorial Probation Office and the defense bar must be taken into consideration.4 Since the District Court Plan does not reflect these factors, its application to the Territorial Court would be inappropriate at this time.

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Bluebook (online)
18 V.I. 145, 1982 WL 976063, 1982 V.I. LEXIS 143, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/government-of-the-virgin-islands-v-quetel-virginislands-1982.