Government of the Virgin Islands v. Clark

763 F. Supp. 1321, 26 V.I. 260, 1991 WL 77996, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6289
CourtDistrict Court, Virgin Islands
DecidedApril 29, 1991
DocketCriminal No. 91/07
StatusPublished

This text of 763 F. Supp. 1321 (Government of the Virgin Islands v. Clark) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Government of the Virgin Islands v. Clark, 763 F. Supp. 1321, 26 V.I. 260, 1991 WL 77996, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6289 (vid 1991).

Opinion

BROTMAN, Acting Chief Judge

OPINION

Presently before the court is the government’s request for review of the magistrate judge’s April 22,1991 order releasing the defendant prior to sentencing on two counts of aggravated rape and one count of unlawful sexual contact. This court conducted a de novo hearing on April 25, reserved decision and stayed imposition of the release order until a decision was reached. The court has decided it will deny defendant’s request for presentence release.

I. FACTS AND PROCEDURE

After a jury trial in this court, the defendant was found guilty on March 6,1991 of two counts of aggravated rape, 14 V.I.C. § 1700, and one count of unlawful sexual contact, 14 V.I.C. § 1708, with two six-year old girls. Prior to trial the defendant had been on a $50,000 secured bail with numerous pretrial release conditions. Immediately after the jury delivered the verdict, the government moved for detention pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1343 and requested that the defendant be detained immediately. The trial judge granted the government’s request, revoked defendant’s bail status and detained the defendant pending sentencing.

On March 15, defendant filed a motion for a new trial pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33, which motion was renewed on March 27. As grounds for relief, defendant alleges juror bias. Af[262]*262ter conducting a hearing on March 27 with the juror, the defendant and a witness for the defendant, the trial judge ordered argument on the post-trial motion to be heard on June 13, with sentencing to take place immediately if the motion were denied and a new trial to commence June 17 if it were granted. On April 16, defendant moved for release from custody pending sentencing. The magistrate judge conducted an evidentiary hearing on April 19 and issued an order on April 22 releasing the defendant to the custody of his employer with certain enumerated conditions. The magistrate judge also stayed imposition of the order until April 25, pending appeal to Acting Chief Judge Stanley S. Brotman.

The government filed its request for review of the release order on April 23 and defendant’s opposition was received on April 24. This court promptly scheduled an evidentiary hearing for April 25 at noon.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Standard of Review:

As a threshold matter, this court must sort out the procedural posture of this case to determine what level of review is appropriate at this stage of the proceedings. Although the case was prosecuted under Virgin Islands law, there is nothing in the territorial code on the subject of presentence release of a defendant. Compare 5 V.I.C. § 3504a (pretrial release). Therefore, we look to the prescribed rules of the United States Code for the proper guidance.

Under 18 U.S.C. § 3141(b), a judicial officer of a court of original jurisdiction over an offense, e.g., a United States magistrate judge, has the power to “order that, pending imposition or execution of sentence ... a person be released or detained under this chapter.” Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3145(a), “[i]f a person is ordered released by a magistrate . . . the attorney for the Government may file with the court having original jurisdiction over the offense, a motion for revocation of the order or amendment of the conditions of release. . . . The motion shall be determined promptly.”

The statute is silent as to what deference the reviewing court should give to a judicial officer’s finding in favor of release. Several courts, including the Third Circuit, have found that the district court reviews a magistrate judge’s order of release on a de novo basis. See United States v. Perry, 788 F.2d 100, 107 (3d Cir. 1986); United States v. Smith, 87 F.R.D. 693; 699 (E.D.Cal. 1980), aff’d, 734 F.2d 22, cert. [263]*263denied, 469 U.S. 867, 105 S.Ct. 211. This court must make an “independent determination” of the release issue and make a decision “based on the factors deemed important by Congress. . . .” United States v. Delker, 757 F.2d 1390, 1398 (3d Cir. 1985).

B. Standard for Presentence Detention:

Title 18 U.S.C. § 3143(a) governs the court’s decision to detain or release a defendant pending sentence. The applicable subsection is § 3143(a)(2), which states that a person who has been found guilty of an offense of a crime of violence and is awaiting imposition of sentence “shall... be detained unless ... the judicial officer finds there is a substantial likelihood that a motion for acquittal or new trial will be granted . . . and the judicial officer finds by clear and convincing evidence that the person is not likely to flee or pose a danger to any other person or the community.” (Emphasis added.) The presumption is in favor of detention, and it is the defendant’s burden to prove by clear and convincing evidence that he is not likely to flee or pose a danger to the community. United States v. Strong, 775 F.2d 504, 508 (3d Cir. 1985).

In determining likelihood of flight and safety to the community, the court must consider the following factors enumerated at 18 U.S.C. § 3142(g):

1. the nature and circumstances of the offense charged, including whether the offense is a crime of violence;
2. the weight of the evidence against the person;
3. the history and characteristics of the person, including character, physical and mental condition, family ties, employment, financial resources, length of residence in the community, community ties, past conduct, history relating to drug or alcohol abuse, criminal history, and record concerning appearance at court proceedings; also, whether at the time of the current offense, the defendant was on probation, on parole, or on other release pending trial or sentencing; and
4. the nature and seriousness of the danger to any person or the community that would be posed by the person’s release.

The evidence presented by the defendant on these factors must be clear and convincing in order for this court to find that he is unlikely to flee or pose a danger to the community.

1. Motion for a New Trial: The court must find a substantial likelihood that a motion for a new trial will be granted in order to [264]*264release the defendant before sentence.

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Bluebook (online)
763 F. Supp. 1321, 26 V.I. 260, 1991 WL 77996, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6289, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/government-of-the-virgin-islands-v-clark-vid-1991.