Goodwin v. State of Tennessee

District Court, E.D. Tennessee·Decided March 22, 2024·No. 1:24-cv-00061·Unknown

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE AT CHATTANOOGA

EDGAR GOODWIN, ) ) Plaintiff, ) Case No. 1:24-cv-61 ) v. ) Judge Atchley ) Magistrate Judge Lee NURSE SHIAN, et al., ) ) Defendants. )

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER Plaintiff Edgar Goodwin, a prisoner in the custody of the Tennessee Department of Correction (“TDOC”), currently housed in the South Central Correctional Facility (“SCCF”), is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis on an amended complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 [Doc. 8, 10; see also Doc. 6] that is before the Court for screening in accordance with the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A. For the reasons set forth below, the Court will allow Plaintiff’s claim for the denial of constitutionally adequate medical care to proceed as to Nurse Shian and dismiss the remaining Defendants and claims. I. SCREENING STANDARD Under the PLRA, district courts must screen prisoner complaints and sua sponte dismiss any claims that are “frivolous, malicious, or fail[] to state a claim upon which relief may be granted,” or “seek[] monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b); see also 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); Benson v. O’Brian, 179 F.3d 1014 (6th Cir. 1999). The dismissal standard articulated by the Supreme Court in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009) and Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) “governs dismissals for failure state a claim under [28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A] because the relevant statutory language tracks the language in Rule 12(b)(6)” of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Hill v. Lappin, 630 F.3d 468, 470–71 (6th Cir. 2010) (citations omitted). Thus, to survive an initial review under the PLRA, a complaint “must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). Allegations that give rise to a mere possibility that a plaintiff might later establish

undisclosed facts supporting recovery are not well-pled and do not state a plausible claim. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 570. Further, formulaic and conclusory recitations of the elements of a claim which are not supported by specific facts are insufficient to state a plausible claim for relief. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 681. However, courts should liberally construe pro se pleadings filed in civil rights cases and hold them to a less stringent standard than “formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). II. ALLEGATIONS OF AMENDED COMPLAINT1 For approximately three years, Plaintiff was denied adequate cancer treatment in the Hamilton County Jail [Doc. 8 p. 2–4]. Sometime between May and July 2023, Plaintiff asked

Nurse Shian, the Director of Medical at the Hamilton County Jail, when he would “make [his] chemo appointments[,]” and Nurse Shian responded, “[I]t’s up to transport” [Id. at 2–3]. In response, Plaintiff asked, “Why?” [Id. at 4]. But Nurse Shian “shrugged and left it alone” [Id.]. Around the same time, Plaintiff made similar inquiries of Rowe and Watkins, but “they just said

1 In ordering Plaintiff to file an amended complaint, the Court stated: “[B]ecause Plaintiff’s amended complaint will completely replace, not supplement, the original complaint, any facts or claims that Plaintiff wishes to maintain must be included in the amended complaint” [Doc. 6 p. 4, citations omitted]. Therefore, the Court will not consult Plaintiff’s original complaint in determining whether Plaintiff’s amended complaint states a colorable claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. they don’t know” [Id.]. Plaintiff filed grievances about the lack of treatment, to which he never received a response [Id.]. In October 2023, Plaintiff was “abruptly” transferred to the Bledsoe County Correctional Complex (“BCCX”) [Id.]. A nurse practitioner there told Plaintiff that a pill prescribed to him (presumably by a medical provider at the Hamilton County Jail) “could’ve potentially killed or

harmed” him [Id.]. And Chaplain Jones ordered Chaplain Ezelle “to not produce for [Plaintiff] religious articles” Plaintiff requested on Islam, thereby denying Plaintiff his “constitutional freedom to practice [his] religion” [Id.]. In 2022 or 2023, Chaplains Jones and Ezelle “never made certain that [Plaintiff’s] Ramadan meals were efficient” or delivered, “except the last meal of the fast” [Id.]. Aggrieved, Plaintiff filed this suit seeking $20 billion in damages against the Hamilton County Sheriff, Nurse Shian, Chaplain Jones, kitchen staff, transport staff, security staff, grievance staff, Chaplain Ezelle, Rowe, and Watkins [Id. at 1, 3, 5]. III. ANALYSIS

A claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 requires a plaintiff to establish that a person acting under color of state law deprived him a federal right. 42 U.S.C. § 1983; Braley v. City of Pontiac, 906 F.2d 220, 223 (6th Cir. 1990) (stating that “[s]ection 1983 does not itself create any constitutional rights; it creates a right of action for the vindication of constitutional guarantees found elsewhere”). Plaintiff does not state whether he is suing Defendants in their individual capacities, their official capacities, or both. Therefore, out of an abundance of caution, the Court addresses Plaintiff’s claims against Defendants in both their individual and official capacities. A. Official-Capacity Claims To the extent Plaintiff sues Defendants in their official capacities, he is essentially suing the entity that employs them. See Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 166 (1985) (holding “an official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity”); Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs, 436 U.S. 658, 690 n.55 (1978) (“[O]fficial-capacity suits generally

represent only another way of pleading an action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.”). But under Monell, an entity “cannot be held liable unless action pursuant to official municipal policy of some nature caused a constitutional tort.” Monell, 436 U.S. at 691.

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