Gloria Sykes v. Cook County Circuit Court Prob

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedSeptember 14, 2016
Docket15-1781
StatusPublished

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Bluebook
Gloria Sykes v. Cook County Circuit Court Prob, (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 15‐1781 GLORIA JEAN SYKES, Plaintiff‐Appellant, v.

COOK COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT PROBATE DIVISION, et al., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 1:14‐cv‐07459 — John J. Tharp, Jr., Judge. ____________________

ARGUED APRIL 5, 2016 — DECIDED SEPTEMBER 14, 2016 ____________________ Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and BAUER and WILLIAMS, Cir‐ cuit Judges. WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge. Gloria Jean Sykes went to her mother’s probate proceeding to present a motion and brought her service dog, Shaggy. Instead of letting her present her mo‐ tion, the judge asked her a series of questions about Shaggy, struck her motion, and entered an order barring Shaggy from the courtroom. Gloria argues that she should be able to bring a lawsuit in federal court for denial of reasonable accommo‐ dations under the Americans with Disabilities Act. But be‐ cause the source of her injury is a state court judgment, we lack subject matter jurisdiction to hear her case. 2 No. 15‐1781 I. BACKGROUND A. Gloria’s First Federal Lawsuit This case originates in an earlier guardianship dispute be‐ tween two sisters over their mother, Mary G. Sykes. Gloria Jean Sykes is Mary’s younger daughter. Carolyn Toerpe, her older daughter, was granted guardianship of Mary in 2009. After losing the state guardianship battle, Gloria filed a law‐ suit in 2011 in federal court, alleging that Toerpe, the Cook County Guardian, two participating guardians ad litem, the Cook County Circuit Court, then‐Governor Quinn, and the state of Illinois were violating the ADA by refusing reasonable accommodations to her mother. Gloria alleged among other things that the state defendants were depriving her mother of the right to be present at court proceedings and to receive rea‐ sonable accommodations in the form of support and consul‐ tation with family members. The district court dismissed the lawsuit, finding that if Gloria obtained the relief she sought, it would be forced to overturn the state court decision grant‐ ing guardianship to Toerpe, in violation of the Rooker‐Feldman doctrine. It also relied on long‐established precedent that fed‐ eral courts may not intervene in state probate proceedings. We affirmed the dismissal of that lawsuit. M.G.S. ex rel. Sykes v. Toerpe, No. 12‐3373, Dkt. 19 (7th Cir. Jan. 9, 2013) (un‐ published order). B. State Probate Proceeding After losing her federal appeal, Gloria returned to state court, pursuing her federal claims in a “Motion for Reasona‐ ble Accommodations,” seeking relief both for herself and her mother in the probate proceeding. On the day the motion was scheduled for hearing, Gloria went to the Daley Center with her service dog, Shaggy, whom she uses for assistance with her post‐traumatic stress disorder. She entered the building without a problem and then went up to the courtroom of Judge Aicha MacCarthy, who was presiding over Mary’s pro‐ bate case. Gloria alleges that Judge MacCarthy called the case, No. 15‐1781 3 and then “immediately, angrily, and indifferently” interro‐ gated Gloria about her need for Shaggy. She also states that the interrogation lasted for several minutes, and at its end, MacCarthy “expelled Gloria and her dog from the court‐ room—banned forever.” While it’s unclear what caused Glo‐ ria to think the ban was in perpetuity, the probate record re‐ flects that Judge MacCarthy entered an order striking Gloria’s motion without prejudice and prohibiting Gloria from return‐ ing with Shaggy without leave of the court. C. The Current Lawsuit Gloria returned to federal court with a new complaint that recycled many of her old claims, but added one that is the fo‐ cus of today’s decision: she alleged that by banning Shaggy from her courtroom, various state defendants violated Glo‐ ria’s rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The district court again dismissed all claims that Gloria as‐ serted on behalf of her mother for largely the same reasons as the first lawsuit. It then turned specifically to Gloria’s claim regarding Shaggy and concluded that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction to determine if Gloria’s ADA rights were violated because she was denied use of a service animal during court proceedings. First, it held that because Gloria’s claim against the state defendants was inextricably intertwined with the state court order banning Shaggy and striking Gloria’s reason‐ able accommodation motion, as a federal court, it was barred from hearing the claim under the Rooker‐Feldman doctrine. Rooker v. Fidelity Tr. Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923); D.C. Court of Ap‐ peals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983). Second, it held that it was barred from hearing the claim because it arose out of a state probate proceeding. And finally, it held that it should exercise Younger abstention because the proceeding was ongoing and because Gloria had an adequate opportunity to raise her fed‐ eral claims about Shaggy in state court. See Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971).

4 No. 15‐1781 II. ANALYSIS On appeal, Gloria only challenges the district court’s dis‐ missal of her ADA claim pertaining to the use of Shaggy in Judge MacCarthy’s courtroom. We review a district court’s dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction de novo, ac‐ cept as true all facts in the complaint and draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor. G&S Holdings, LLC v. Cont’l Cas. Co., 697 F.3d 534, 539 (7th Cir. 2012). We may affirm a dis‐ missal for lack of jurisdiction on any ground that the record supports. Sladek v. Bell Mgmt. Pension Plan, 880 F.2d 972, 979 (7th Cir. 1989). A. ADA Accommodations for Service Animals Before reaching the question of jurisdiction, it helps to un‐ derstand the substantive footing of Gloria’s claim. Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits public entities (which includes instrumentalities of state and local govern‐ ments, like courthouses) from discriminating against quali‐ fied individuals with disabilities. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 701 et seq., 42 U.S.C. § 12132. The ADA’s accommodation mandate re‐ flects enforcement efforts by Congress to ensure citizens’ due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Tennessee v. Lane, 541 U.S. 509, 523 (2004). In Lane, the Supreme Court con‐ sidered the Title II claims of paraplegic litigants and members of the public who were forced to crawl up stairs to access a courtroom, and held that Congress was authorized to, and did, abrogate Tennessee’s right to sovereign immunity in de‐ fending against the claims by passing Title II of the ADA. Id. at 531. With a few exceptions, Title II requires public entities to permit service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas where members of the public are allowed to go. 28 C.F.R. § 35

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Related

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Bluebook (online)
Gloria Sykes v. Cook County Circuit Court Prob, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gloria-sykes-v-cook-county-circuit-court-prob-ca7-2016.