Glenn v. Tide Water Associated Oil Co.

101 A.2d 339, 34 Del. Ch. 198, 1953 Del. Ch. LEXIS 153
Court of Chancery of Delaware·Decided December 9, 1953·Published·Cited by 5 cases

Opinion

Bramhall, Vice Chancellor:

Plaintiffs are husband and wife and are the owners and lessors of a piece of land at 1814 Delaware Avenue, in the City of Wilmington, upon which is located a gasoline service station. On May 1, 1939, plaintiffs entered into a written agreement with defendant, under the terms of which plaintiffs leased to defendant the property in question for a term of three years at a rental of one cent per gallon for each gallon of defendant’s gasoline sold on the premises during the term with a minimum rental of $60 per month for each full year of the term of the lease. Defendant was given the option to extend the term of the lease for four additional periods of one year each upon the same terms and conditions. Plaintiffs further gave to defendant an option to purchase said property during the term of the lease or any extension thereof for the price of $16,000. Desiring to borrow money by reason of financial difficulties, plaintiffs found it advisable to enter into a new lease with defendant for a flat monthly rental, the rent to be assigned to the bank from which they were making a loan. Accordingly, on October 8, 1941, plaintiffs and defendant executed a new lease similar to the lease executed in 1939 with the exception that the term was for five years with right of renewal for five additional years, the rental was for the flat sum of $100 per month and the purchase price under the option was $8,000. All parties not only executed the new lease but initialed the clauses making the changes from the 1939 lease referred to. Plaintiffs were represented by counsel during the negotiations and at the time of settlement.

Plaintiffs testified that immediately prior to their execution of the lease agreement plaintiff Charles A. Glenn inquired of the representatives of defendant as to whether or not the agreement was the same in all respects as the agreement executed in 1939. Plaintiffs testified that upon being informed that it was, they thereupon signed the agreement. Although plaintiffs were represented by reputable counsel, who [201]*201was present at the time, plaintiffs’ attention was not called to the fact that such statement, if made, was not correct. Plaintiffs further testified that they had no knowledge that the purchase price under the option was $8,000 instead of $16,000 until they were so informed by their counsel approximately a year later.

On July 16, 1951, plaintiffs mailed to defendant by registered mail to its New York address a notice to defendant to' vacate and quit the premises on November 1, 1951. Defendant notified plaintiffs by letter dated October 26, 1951, of its desire to exercise its option to purchase the property. The renewal term under the lease expired on October 31, 1951. On December 5, 1951, a tender was made upon plaintiffs on behalf of defendant of the purchase price under the option, together with deed to- be executed by plaintiffs. This tender was refused. On December 14, 1951, after prior notice thereof to plaintiffs, another tender was attempted by defendant by tendering the purchase price and deed. However, neither plaintiffs nor anyone on their behalf appeared.

Defendant objected to the introduction in evidence of the 1939 lease and to the testimony of plaintiffs with reference to' the conversation between plaintiffs and the representatives of defendant with reference to the terms thereof, contending that the testimony of plaintiffs constituted a violation of the parol evidence rule. Plaintiffs’ testimony related entirely to the conversation which took place immediately prior to the execution of the contract. Plaintiffs contend that they were misled by the statement alleged to- have been made by defendant’s representative to the effect that there had been no change therein. Plaintiffs further assert that in making the inquiry as to whether or not there had been any change in the contract they definitely had in mind the clause relating to the option to- purchase.

It is not clear as to what defendant’s representatives understood by this question. It is not disputed that changes had been made in the contract other than the change in the amount of the purchase price under the option. Although the contract had been prepared at the request of defendant, it had been in the possession of plaintiffs’ counsel for examination and approval for approximately two weeks before [202]*202the time of settlement. The fact that no reference as to' any of these changes was. made to. plaintiffs, either by their counsel or by defendant’s representatives, is unexplained. Plaintiff’s explain their failure to examine the contract which was before them by asserting that they relied upon the statements made on behalf of defendant and by the further statement that they would not have understood the agreement had they read it. Other witnesses, called who were present at the time, including the then counsel for plaintiffs, were not helpful. They had no recollection relative to this conversation.

In my opinion the testimony is admissible. While there is no evidence of actual fraud, there is evidence of a misrepresentation. Even innocent representations as to material circumstances are sufficient to refuse specific performance if the plaintiffs were induced to sign the contract by reason thereof. Eastern States Petroleum Co. v. Universal Oil Products Co., 24 Del.Ch. 11, 3 A.2d 768, 775; Williams v. M. E. Blatt Co., 95 N.J.Eq. 326, 123 A. 362; Warner v. Giron, 141 N.J.Eq. 493, 58 A2d 98; Wagner v. Allen, 184 Iowa 894, 169 N.W. 143; LaCourse v. Kiesel, 366 Pa. 385, 77 A.2d 877. See also Corbin on Contracts, Vol. 5, Sec. 1167, p. 724.

The testimony offered relates entirely to the circumstances surrounding the execution of the agreement. It does not in any manner change or vary the terms of the agreement itself, but gives plaintiffs’ explanation for their execution of the agreement containing the option clause for $8,000. The time, place and circumstances of the execution and the execution itself of a written instrument may be proved by parol. Plunkett v. Dillon, 4 Del.Ch. 198. See Gluckman v. Holzman, 29 Del.Ch. 458, 51 A.2d 487.

I conclude that the testimony of plaintiffs as to the circumstances surrounding the execution of the contract is. admissible.

But defendant contends that even if I should consider the testimony of plaintiffs admissible and even if I should accept this testimony in full, plaintiffs, by their failure to act to reform or to' cancel the agreement and by accepting the benefits thereof for a period of approximately nine years, have accepted the agreement and cannot now interpose an alleged misrepresentation on the part of defendant when [203]*203defendant has called upon plaintiffs to comply with the terms and conditions to be performed by them.

The agreement was drawn in order to- permit plaintiffs to borrow money by making an assignment thereof. The rental was changed to a definite sum and increased to $100 per month. The term of the lease was extended to a period of five years. Plaintiffs admit that approximately a year after the execution of the agreement they were informed by their then counsel that the agreement provided for an absolute option on the part of defendant to purchase the premises for -the sum of $8,000.

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Glenn v. Tide Water Associated Oil Co., 101 A.2d 339, 34 Del. Ch. 198, 1953 Del. Ch. LEXIS 153 (Del. Ct. App. 1953).

101 A.2d 339 (Glenn v. Tide Water Associated Oil Co.) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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Glenn v. Tide Water Associated Oil Co.
101 A.2d 339 (Court of Chancery of Delaware, 1953)