Chambers, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
It is a clear proposition, that a suit in equity abates by the death of any of the parties materially interested. The books of practice also inform us, that the insolvency or bankruptcy of a plaintiff or defendant, renders the suit so far defective, [6]*6that the 'trustee, or assignee, must be brought before the court.
That Morris and Egerton, the-’complainants in the bill, died before the sale by- the trustee, is-sespressly alleged in the peti-tion filed by the appellant;' wbetf'tlfe-defendants died, is not! stated by the petition, although it states the fact of their death. - There is nothing in the record'to'show the period at which' Michael Dorsey, one of the defendants, became insolvent, but it does appear that the-sale was'-made’- by the trustee on the 13th March 1834, and that on the 28’tti’of the same month, the trustee of said insolvent appeared in-'-court -and- filed exceptions to the> sale-. •
It is admitted'in-the'argument, that thupioceedings should have been revived ’ before the» sale;-but it- is alleged, that the abatement was only technical, inasmuch as the claim of Mor- ■ ris §• Egerton had been discharged, and that the subsequent proceedings ought not to be set aside now for this cause. The" evidence-of this payment to Morris 8f.-Egerton is to be found' alone-'iiithe'petit'ion-'-of theapp-pllánt, and it is said by-coun-sel on both sides, that as th’e court biglow has acted upon the petition, assuming its facts, because it has not allowed the oppprtunity-to sustain them by-proof, we are to receive-this-'evi-' dtence aS conclusive. .-
To whatever-extent this may be the case, so far as regards thfe'respective-interests of the parties now before the court, we cannot admit that the rights of Morris Sf Egerton's representatives -are concluded by allegations made in the cause after they had - ceased- to be parties to it. It is precisely upon the ground,'that great injustice will result by permitting the rights of absent and' ignorant claimants-to be finally decided by. the evidence of other and often interested persons, that thb rules have' been adopted, regulating the abatement of causes, and requiring proper parties to be brought before-the'court. The first principles of justice demand--that,--before'-the court shall finallytónd conclusively,'adjudicate-'upon'the-'rights of the representatives "of a deceased party, an opportunity shall be afforded them to'vindicate those rights, quite as much-as they détóand, that all '-other persons shall have- the opportunity to-[7]*7.defend their property'before its title is decided upon by the ¡court. The necessity then of affording to the legal representatives of Morris Sr Egerton an opportunity to contest this ••question of payment, illustrates the propriety of bringing them into court.
The claim of the ¡appellant in this case, to the ¡surplus of .-sale, afler discharging'whatever may be due on Clapp.s mortgage, depends upon the payment or non-payment of the Morris if Egerton debt: that is to -say, these two parties are adverse ¡claimants, so far as we have any ¡information in the cause, derived from Morris if Egerton, or any-one authorised to speak .for them. The interest-of Jl. Clapps ¡representatives, is not in the smallest degree affected by a confession, that the debt of Morris Sr Egerton is paid. Can we then, in this condition ¡¡of the case, assume the fact of payment to Morris Sr Egerton -as established by the assertion of the adverse .party, admitted by a stranger, who lias no interest, (unless indeed-it¡be to expedite the payment of his own debt by the admission,) because it shows the objection to be merely technical, and thereby avoids the delay of making new parties?
We cannot consider the payment to Morris Sf Egerton, so far proved, as to consider it a mere matter of form, to bring in ¡their representatives, to admit or deny it. Every party must ibe considered a material party, whose interest, as -claimed by Mm on the .record,, is .material., so far as respects the question •of abatement.
It is settled law, that where a suit has abated, after decree, .the defendants (or either of them, where more than one,) mfiy file a hill, and revive and prosecute the decree'; and it is urged •hence, that the failure to file such a bill by the appellant, ha's been the occasion -of .all the difficulty -complained ¡of in the cause, and is a sufficient reason to refuse his application to reverse the proceedings below. While we admit the right ‘of -the appellant, as the proper representative of Michael Dorsey, to file a bill -of revivor, w¡e are by no means prepared to say he was compelled to do so. He came into court under the -invitation impliedly, if not expressly given, by the order of [8]*8confirmation nisi, and objected to the ratification. His petition may be regarded in the same character as a further exception to the sale. This was sufficient to put the court in possession of the fact. After a suggestion of the death of a material party made by one who is competent to make such sug- ■ gestión, the court cannot proceed in the cause until satisfied the suggestion is unfounded in fact, except only to take the necessary steps to bring proper parties before them.
If, however, there was a necessity imposed upon a defendant, to revive the proceedings abated by a plaintiff’s death, in any case, it would be a difficult matter to sustain the pretensions of the present appellee in this respect. Her intestate was a defendant also. She too had the same privilege to revive the proceedings. She demands further proceedings, and the confirmation of the sale, and payment of her claim. So her counsel insists before us, she is entitled to demand; and this for the reason that the appellant, who represents a co-defendant, and who only elaims that all proceedings shall be arrested till proper parties are made, will not file a bill to revive, and thereby make it necessary for her to do so.
These considerations lead us to the result, that the- court below should have suspended its proceedings upon the suggestion of the death of the complainants in the cause, until new parties were made, and their subsequent orders must be reversed.
The making of new parties will necessarily bring before the court the questions affecting the sale, and whether it must be set aside, either on account of the previous abatement of the suit by the death of the complainant, or for the reasons alleged in the exceptions first filed.
We think the abatement of the suit before the sale, where that circumstance is relied on as an exception, and made before final ratification, is a sufficient reason for setting aside the sale. But it is to be considered, that the true character of such a sale is, that it is a transaction between the court and the purchaser: that a private sale may be made, as well as a public sale, if the court deem it advantageous,, and that after [9]*9setting aside the sale as formally irregular, the court might revive the terms of the contract with the same purchaser, if no other objections existed, and those terms were deemed advantageous to the parties who are thus in court, prepared to protect their interests in this, as in every other respect.
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Chambers, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
It is a clear proposition, that a suit in equity abates by the death of any of the parties materially interested. The books of practice also inform us, that the insolvency or bankruptcy of a plaintiff or defendant, renders the suit so far defective, [6]*6that the 'trustee, or assignee, must be brought before the court.
That Morris and Egerton, the-’complainants in the bill, died before the sale by- the trustee, is-sespressly alleged in the peti-tion filed by the appellant;' wbetf'tlfe-defendants died, is not! stated by the petition, although it states the fact of their death. - There is nothing in the record'to'show the period at which' Michael Dorsey, one of the defendants, became insolvent, but it does appear that the-sale was'-made’- by the trustee on the 13th March 1834, and that on the 28’tti’of the same month, the trustee of said insolvent appeared in-'-court -and- filed exceptions to the> sale-. •
It is admitted'in-the'argument, that thupioceedings should have been revived ’ before the» sale;-but it- is alleged, that the abatement was only technical, inasmuch as the claim of Mor- ■ ris §• Egerton had been discharged, and that the subsequent proceedings ought not to be set aside now for this cause. The" evidence-of this payment to Morris 8f.-Egerton is to be found' alone-'iiithe'petit'ion-'-of theapp-pllánt, and it is said by-coun-sel on both sides, that as th’e court biglow has acted upon the petition, assuming its facts, because it has not allowed the oppprtunity-to sustain them by-proof, we are to receive-this-'evi-' dtence aS conclusive. .-
To whatever-extent this may be the case, so far as regards thfe'respective-interests of the parties now before the court, we cannot admit that the rights of Morris Sf Egerton's representatives -are concluded by allegations made in the cause after they had - ceased- to be parties to it. It is precisely upon the ground,'that great injustice will result by permitting the rights of absent and' ignorant claimants-to be finally decided by. the evidence of other and often interested persons, that thb rules have' been adopted, regulating the abatement of causes, and requiring proper parties to be brought before-the'court. The first principles of justice demand--that,--before'-the court shall finallytónd conclusively,'adjudicate-'upon'the-'rights of the representatives "of a deceased party, an opportunity shall be afforded them to'vindicate those rights, quite as much-as they détóand, that all '-other persons shall have- the opportunity to-[7]*7.defend their property'before its title is decided upon by the ¡court. The necessity then of affording to the legal representatives of Morris Sr Egerton an opportunity to contest this ••question of payment, illustrates the propriety of bringing them into court.
The claim of the ¡appellant in this case, to the ¡surplus of .-sale, afler discharging'whatever may be due on Clapp.s mortgage, depends upon the payment or non-payment of the Morris if Egerton debt: that is to -say, these two parties are adverse ¡claimants, so far as we have any ¡information in the cause, derived from Morris if Egerton, or any-one authorised to speak .for them. The interest-of Jl. Clapps ¡representatives, is not in the smallest degree affected by a confession, that the debt of Morris Sr Egerton is paid. Can we then, in this condition ¡¡of the case, assume the fact of payment to Morris Sr Egerton -as established by the assertion of the adverse .party, admitted by a stranger, who lias no interest, (unless indeed-it¡be to expedite the payment of his own debt by the admission,) because it shows the objection to be merely technical, and thereby avoids the delay of making new parties?
We cannot consider the payment to Morris Sf Egerton, so far proved, as to consider it a mere matter of form, to bring in ¡their representatives, to admit or deny it. Every party must ibe considered a material party, whose interest, as -claimed by Mm on the .record,, is .material., so far as respects the question •of abatement.
It is settled law, that where a suit has abated, after decree, .the defendants (or either of them, where more than one,) mfiy file a hill, and revive and prosecute the decree'; and it is urged •hence, that the failure to file such a bill by the appellant, ha's been the occasion -of .all the difficulty -complained ¡of in the cause, and is a sufficient reason to refuse his application to reverse the proceedings below. While we admit the right ‘of -the appellant, as the proper representative of Michael Dorsey, to file a bill -of revivor, w¡e are by no means prepared to say he was compelled to do so. He came into court under the -invitation impliedly, if not expressly given, by the order of [8]*8confirmation nisi, and objected to the ratification. His petition may be regarded in the same character as a further exception to the sale. This was sufficient to put the court in possession of the fact. After a suggestion of the death of a material party made by one who is competent to make such sug- ■ gestión, the court cannot proceed in the cause until satisfied the suggestion is unfounded in fact, except only to take the necessary steps to bring proper parties before them.
If, however, there was a necessity imposed upon a defendant, to revive the proceedings abated by a plaintiff’s death, in any case, it would be a difficult matter to sustain the pretensions of the present appellee in this respect. Her intestate was a defendant also. She too had the same privilege to revive the proceedings. She demands further proceedings, and the confirmation of the sale, and payment of her claim. So her counsel insists before us, she is entitled to demand; and this for the reason that the appellant, who represents a co-defendant, and who only elaims that all proceedings shall be arrested till proper parties are made, will not file a bill to revive, and thereby make it necessary for her to do so.
These considerations lead us to the result, that the- court below should have suspended its proceedings upon the suggestion of the death of the complainants in the cause, until new parties were made, and their subsequent orders must be reversed.
The making of new parties will necessarily bring before the court the questions affecting the sale, and whether it must be set aside, either on account of the previous abatement of the suit by the death of the complainant, or for the reasons alleged in the exceptions first filed.
We think the abatement of the suit before the sale, where that circumstance is relied on as an exception, and made before final ratification, is a sufficient reason for setting aside the sale. But it is to be considered, that the true character of such a sale is, that it is a transaction between the court and the purchaser: that a private sale may be made, as well as a public sale, if the court deem it advantageous,, and that after [9]*9setting aside the sale as formally irregular, the court might revive the terms of the contract with the same purchaser, if no other objections existed, and those terms were deemed advantageous to the parties who are thus in court, prepared to protect their interests in this, as in every other respect.
Without intimating, therefore, even a conjecture, as to the course which in this case may be pursued, it is apparent that a contingency may occur, in which it may be necessary that our views be expressed in regard to the other objections taken to this sale.
The first exception, to wit, that a bill was pending at the time of the sale to vacate the decree, and the deed upon which it was founded, has not been relied on. The fact that such a bill was pending, without disclosing the grounds upon which it proceeds, and without stating that it had resulted in any order to restrain proceedings under the -decree, could furnish no reason for setting aside the sale.
The second exception, is the inadequacy of price. The -trusteee was called upon to answer this objection, and says he ■considers the property certainly worth more than $490, the sum at which it was sold, but less than $900, the value alleged by the petition, and the trustee alleges that he is not prepared to speak positively of its value. The court will not set aside a sale in all other respects unexceptionable, for inadequacy of price, unless the sum reported by the trustee, is so grossly inadequate as to indicate a want of reasonable judgment and discretion in the trustee. But where any other just cause appears to doubt the propriety of the sale, it is a consideration very proper to be viewed in connexion with it, that the sale has been also made at a reduced price. The answer of the trustee in this case discloses, we think, sufficient grounds, when taken in connexion with the fact, that the sum bid is confessedly below the real value of the property, to justify the court below in ordering another sale. The title was evidently clouded, “an impression prevailed among the company that there would be a difficulty,” and the adjacent lot “absolutely essential to the comfortable enjoyment” of the lot sold, was involved in [10]*10still more doubt, as to its title, in consequence of an alleged judgment and execution, which the trustee might probably with some little exertion be able to explain.
It is true, as alleged in the argument, that in chancery sales in this State, there is no examination into the title by an officer of the court, as in England, and if after distribution of the purchase money, the purchaser should be evicted by a superior title, he must submit to the loss, and has no redress; but if while the fund is yet in court, the purchaser is disturbed in his possession, or exposed to be so disturbed, by one having a clear title to the estate, which title was entirely unknown to the purchaser at the time of sale, we think the plain principles of justice require the sale to be rescinded, and the purchase money to be restored. As between the parties to whom the proceeds of sale are ultimately to be paid, and the purchaser, the transaction is so far in fieri, that a total failure of consideration, should prevent them from receiving the stipulated price.
The court should not therefore in this case be restrained from setting aside the sale, from any apprehension, that a defect in the title might be exposed at another sale, and a less sum be realized. The trustee should use reasonable efforts to disembarrass the title of any supposed difficulty. If the title is not good, fair dealing requires it to be known, if the knowledge of it is conveniently to be acquired; if it be good, the parties entitled ought to receive, and the purchaser to pay a just equivalent; and bidders will then be placed on more equal terms, as well those who may have had the means to investitigate the title fully, as those who have not. ¡
Entertaining the opinion, that the court below was wrong in dismissing the petition, which suggested the death of the complainant, and in proceeding to ratify the sale, we must reverse the orders passed in respect thereto; and remand the cause for such further proceedings, as the parties may pursue, consistently with the foregoing views. The costs in this court to be paid by the appellee.
orders reversed and cause remanded.