Glascock v. Anderson

497 P.2d 727, 83 N.M. 725
CourtNew Mexico Supreme Court
DecidedMay 26, 1972
Docket9357
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 497 P.2d 727 (Glascock v. Anderson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Glascock v. Anderson, 497 P.2d 727, 83 N.M. 725 (N.M. 1972).

Opinions

OPINION

OMAN, Justice.

Plaintiff brought suit to have defendant declared the father of her child born on March 31, 1970. Defendant denied paternity of the child, and this issue was tried to a jury on March 29, 1971. The jury found for plaintiff and judgment was entered on the verdict. Defendant appeals. We affirm.

The three points relied upon for reversal all relate to the presentation of the child before the jury for the apparent purpose of having the jurors observe similarities and dissimilarities between the features of defendant and the child. Defendant’s objection was that:

“ * * * while there is a split in the decisions, we would ask this court, considering the age of the child and the lack of formation of features and the lack, at least to my knowledge, of any specific feature that may be indicative of paternity, any specific unusual characteristics that is had by this child and Mr. Anderson, that it would be prejudicial to us to present the child to the jury.”

The jury view of the child lasted about thirty seconds and was 'followed by testimony of plaintiff that this was the child born to her on March 31, 1970, and which ■she claimed defendant had fathered.

This court has never passed upon the question of the propriety of presenting or exhibiting a child before the trier of the facts in a paternity suit for the purpose of having the child’s features observed and compared with those of the alleged father. However, it has long been the practice in some, if not in all, of our district courts to permit the trier of the facts to view the child and to also hear testimony as to asserted resemblances or lack of resemblances between both the specific features and the features generally of the child and the claimed father.

A reference to the decisions from other jurisdictions in which this question has been presented and decided compels our agreement with defendant that “there is a split in the decisions.” They are sharply and seemingly hopelessly divided as to when and if the child may properly be viewed by the trier of the facts; as to whose testimony, if that of anyone, is competent on the question of likeness or unlikeness of appearance between the child and the purported father; and as to whether the evidence concerning resemblance or lack of resemblance — whether the evidence be in the form of observations of the child and the alleged father by the trier of the facts, or testimony as to resemblances or differences between them — must be confined to individual features, or specific traits less than an individual feature, or whether it may embrace general resemblances, resemblances as to individual features and resemblances as to specific traits less than an individual feature. See Flores v. State, 72 Fla. 302, 73 So. 234 (1916); Almeida v. Correa, 51 Hawaii 594, 465 P.2d 564 (1970); In re Stone’s Estate, 77 Idaho 63, 286 P.2d 329 (1955); Merritt v. Leuck, 231 Iowa 777, 2 N.W.2d 49 (1942); Green v. Commonwealth ex rel. Helms, 297 Ky. 675, 180 S.W.2d 865 (1944); Clark v. Bradstreet, 80 Me. 454, 15 A. 56 (1888); Roberts v. State, 205 Okl. 632, 240 P.2d 104 (1951); Boston v. State ex rel. Mayberry, 182 Okl. 181, 77 P.2d 13 (1938); State ex rel. Fitch v. Powers, 75 S.D. 209, 62 N.W.2d 764 (1954); Cook v. State, 172 Term. 42, 109 S.W.2d 98 (1937); State v. Anderson, 63 Utah 171, 224 P. 442, 40 A.L.R. 94 (1924); Beattie v. Traynor, 114 Vt. 495, 49 A.2d 200 (1946); State v. Forbes, 108 Vt. 361, 187 A. 422 (1936); Hanawalt v. State, 64 Wis. 84, 24 N.W. 489 (1885); State v. Cabrera, 13 Ariz.App. 527, 478 P.2d 142 (1970); Berry v. Chaplin, 74 Cal.App.2d 652, 169 P.2d 442 (1946); Morris v. Stanford, 58 Ga.App. 726, 199 S.E. 773 (1938); Hall v. Centolanza, 28 N.J.Super. 391, 101 A.2d 44 (App.Div. 1953); Yerian v. Brinker, 35 N.E.2d 878 (Ohio App. 1941); 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence, § 166 (3d Ed. 1940).

By his first and second points relied upon for reversal, defendant urges upon us the adoption of (1) a rule prohibiting the presentation of a child before the trier of the facts in all paternity cases, except perhaps when questions of race or color are involved [See generally to this effect Almeida v. Correa, supra; Cook v. State, supra; Hanawalt v. State, supra; In re Wendel’s Estate, 146 Misc. 260, 262 N.Y.S. 41 (Sup.Ct.1933); Bilkovic v. Loeb, 156 App.Div. 719, 141 N.Y.S. 279 (1913)], or (2) a rule, as advocated in 1 J. Wigmore, -supra, that the child may be exhibited to the trier of the facts if, in the discretion of the trial court, the child is old enough to possess settled features [See generally to this effect Flores v. State, supra; Boston v. State ex rel. Mayberry supra; State ex rel. Fitch v. Powers, supra; State v. Anderson, supra; Lohsen v. Lawson, 106 Vt. 481, 174 A. 861 (1934); 1 J. Wigmore, supra at 627],

We reject both of these rules and adopt the rule that a child may properly be presented or exhibited to the jury for the purpose of having the jury observe the resemblances or lack of resemblances between the child and the alleged father. In accord see Green v. Commonwealth ex rel. Helms, supra; Berry v. Chaplin, supra; Yerian v. Brinker, supra. The age of the child goes to the weight to be accorded the comparison of features and not to the admissibility thereof. Green v. Commonwealth ex rel. Helms, supra; State v. Ca brera, supra. Jurors are as capable as the average trial judge to decide whether the features of the child are sufficiently settled to support a finding of similarity or dissimilarity between its features and the features of the alleged father. Green v. Commonwealth ex rel. Helms, supra. We also are of the opinion that jurors are generally informed as to the changes in features and traits which occur in children during the early months and years of their lives, and have the capacity to properly relate the age, features and traits of a child in the process of comparing the child’s appearance with that of the claimed father. We are not nearly so impressed, as some other courts appear to be, that jurors are so emotionally excited by the appearance of a child exhibited before them that their sympathies for the child replace their intelligence and the obligation of their oath, and they thereupon base their decision as to the paternity of the child solely on emotion and an imagined likeness between the child and the alleged father.

We do, however, feel that the comparisons between the child and the claimed father should be limited to individual features and specific traits, and should not include any fancied general resemblance between them. In accord see 1 J. Wigmore, supra at 626-27; Flores v. State, supra; State v. Anderson, supra.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

BORLAND BY DEPT. OF SOCIAL SERV. v. Chandler
733 P.2d 144 (Utah Supreme Court, 1987)
Schigur v. Keck
286 N.W.2d 917 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1979)
Gl v. SD
382 A.2d 252 (Superior Court of Delaware, 1977)
G. L. v. S. D.
382 A.2d 252 (Superior Court of Delaware, 1977)
In Re People in Interest of RDS
514 P.2d 772 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 1973)
People ex rel. R.D.S.
514 P.2d 772 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 1973)
Glascock v. Anderson
497 P.2d 727 (New Mexico Supreme Court, 1972)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
497 P.2d 727, 83 N.M. 725, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/glascock-v-anderson-nm-1972.