George Olivarez v. State

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: October 18, 2012
• Docket: 13-11-00483-CR
• Status: Published

Opinion

NUMBERS 13-11-00483-CR AND 13-11-00484-CR

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

GEORGE OLIVAREZ, Appellant,

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.

On appeal from the 148th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION1

Before Justices Rodriguez, Garza, and Perkes Memorandum Opinion by Justice Rodriguez Appellant George Olivarez, pro se, appeals from the trial court’s orders denying his

motions for DNA testing. By one issue, Olivarez complains that the trial court erred in

1 Because this is a memorandum opinion and the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court's decision and the basic reasons for it. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4. finding that his DNA motions did not state reasonable grounds and in denying him

appointment of counsel. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Olivarez pleaded guilty as a repeat felony offender to the offense of indecency with

a child in appellate cause number 13-11-00483-CR and to a second offense of indecency

with a child in appellate cause number 13-11-484-CR.2 See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §

21.11 (West 2011). On April 26, 2000, the trial court assessed punishment at concurrent

twenty-five year sentences, pursuant to a plea bargain agreement. Olivarez filed a pro

se notice of appeal, challenging the voluntariness of his plea and alleging ineffective

assistance of counsel and an improper admonition as to the range of punishment for his

offense. This Court dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction under Anders v.

California. See 386 U.S. 738, 744-45 (1967); see also Olivarez v. State, No.

13-00-310-CR, 2001 Tex. App. LEXIS 3676, at *1, 4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi, May 31,

2001, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication).

Post-conviction, Olivarez filed motions for DNA testing in each case and requested

appointment of counsel on the basis that he had reasonable grounds to file his motions.

On June 6, 2011, after making its findings and taking judicial notice of the record in each

case, the trial court issued orders denying Olivarez’s motions. Olivarez appeals from the

trial court’s orders. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.05 (West 2006) (providing

for the appeal of the denial of a post-conviction motion for forensic DNA testing).3

2 Olivarez briefed these companion appeals together, and we will now address them in a single opinion. 3 Since its enactment, Chapter 64 has undergone several amendments, most recently in 2011. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 64.01-.05 (West 2006 & Supp. 2011). The effective date of the 2 II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

“In reviewing the trial judge’s Chapter 64 rulings, this Court usually gives ‘almost

total deference’ to the trial judge’s findings of historical fact and application-of-law-to-fact

issues that turn on witness credibility and demeanor, but we consider de novo all other

application-of-law-to-fact questions.” Ex parte Gutierrez, 337 S.W.3d 883, 890 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2011) (quoting Routier v. State, 273 S.W.3d 241, 246 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008)).

III. APPLICABLE LAW

Article 64.01(c) provides that a convicted person, who informs the convicting court

that he wishes to submit a motion under this chapter, is entitled to the appointment of

counsel if the trial court finds reasonable grounds to file a motion and determines the

person is indigent. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(c) (West Supp. 2011).

“[W]hether ‘reasonable grounds’ exist for testing necessarily turns on what is required for

testing.” Gutierrez, 337 S.W.3d at 891. Articles 64.01(b)(1) and 64.03 of the Texas

Code of Criminal Procedure provide the specific requirements to determine whether

reasonable grounds exist. Swearingen v. State, 303 S.W.3d 728, 731 (Tex. Crim. App.

2010); see Act of April 5, 2001, 77th Leg., R.S., ch. 2, § 2, 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 2, 2-4;

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.03(1)-(2).

As it existed at the time Olivarez filed his motions, article 64.01(b)(1) provided, in

relevant part, the following basic testing requirements: that a convicted person could

request the convicting court to permit forensic DNA testing of previously untested

most recent amendment is September 1, 2011. See Act of June 17, 2011, 82d Leg., R.S., ch. 278, § 5, 2011 Tex. Gen. Laws 882, 884; Act of June 17, 2011, 82d Leg., R.S., ch. 366, § 1, 2011 Tex. Gen. Laws 1015, 1015-16. Olivarez filed his DNA motions before September 2011. Thus, the 2011 amendments do not apply, and we will apply the statute as it existed at the time Olivarez filed his motions. However, where the amendments made no material change to the statute, we will cite to the current version. 3 evidence containing biological material that was secured in relation to the offense and

that was in the State's possession during trial of the offense. See Act of April 5, 2001,

77th Leg., R.S., ch. 2, § 2, 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 2, 2-4 (amended 2003, 2007, & 2011)

(current version at TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(b)(1) (West Supp. 2011)). In

addition, to be entitled to DNA testing, article 64.03 required that a defendant first show,

among other things, that unaltered evidence was available for testing. TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. ANN. art. 64.03 (West Supp. 2011); Prible v. State, 245 S.W.3d 466, 467-68 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2008).

The court of criminal appeals has summarized the requirements as follows:

“Courts have found that reasonable grounds for testing are not present if no biological

evidence exists or if it has been destroyed, or if identity was not or is not an issue.”

Gutierrez, 337 S.W.3d at 891. If a convicted person who bears the burden of satisfying

the requirements of Chapter 64 fails to meet the preconditions to obtaining

post-conviction DNA testing, he has failed to set forth reasonable grounds to file a motion

and, therefore, is not entitled to the appointment of counsel. Wilson v. State, 185 S.W.3d

481, 484 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (op. on reh’g) (en banc); Lewis v. State, 191 S.W.3d 225,

228-29 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2005, pet. ref’d); see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.

64.01(c).

IV. DISCUSSION

By his sole issue, Olivarez contends that the trial court erred in denying his motions

for DNA testing. Olivarez asserts that he stated reasonable grounds for the testing in his

motions. He urges this Court to reverse and remand his cases to the trial court to order

DNA testing of the biological material in the State’s possession and to appoint counsel. 4 We decline to do so.

Specifically, Olivarez contends that the trial court erred when it found he “stated no

reasonable grounds for granting a motion for DNA testing, thus under [article] 64.01(c)

the [c]ourt was] not required to appoint an attorney [to] represent [Olivarez] for purposes

of these proceedings.” Olivarez also complains of the trial court’s underlying finding that

“there was [n]o showing . . . that there was any evidence containing biological material

obtained or preserved in the course of the investigation and prosecution of these cases.”4

See Swearingen, 303 S.W.3d at 732 (citing Routier, 273 S.W.3d at 256 (concluding that

Routier failed to meet her threshold burden of showing that there was even any "evidence

containing biological material" to be tested)).

Almost total deference is given to a trial court's findings of historical facts, including

whether the claimed DNA evidence exists and is in a condition to be tested. See

Gutierrez, 337 S.W.3d at 890 (quoting Routier, 273 S.W.3d at 246). In this case,

Olivarez asserts that the hospital medical examination records, including the Child

Protective Services records, contradict the finding that no biological material exists for

testing. However, having taken judicial notice of the record in each case, the trial court

made clear in its June 6, 2011 orders that there was no showing of any evidence

containing biological material either obtained or preserved during the investigation and

prosecution of the cases. We defer to the trial court’s finding of historical fact. See id.

In addition to the deference we pay to the convicting court's historical-fact

determinations, we note that, referring to Exhibit F attached to his motions, Olivarez

4 Because our analysis of Olivarez’s contention regarding this threshold requirement finding is dispositive of this issue on appeal, we will address it first, and we will not need to address his remaining argument that identity was not or is not an issue. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1. 5 contends that “a rape kit was made with buccal, vaginal, and anal swabs being taken of

the alleged victims.” However, Exhibit F, which is a copy of one of the complainant’s

hospital medical records, does not indicate that a rape kit was prepared. Rather, the

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner who saw both complainants drew a line through the

portion of each complainant’s records that referred to a rape kit. Thus, contrary to

Olivariz’s contentions, we find nothing in the record indicating that evidence containing

biological material in a rape kit was available for testing or, if it was available, that it was

preserved in the course of the investigation and prosecution of the cases.

In addition, the court of criminal appeals has held that a mere assertion or a

general claim that existence of biological material is probable will fail to satisfy the

appellant's burden. Swearingen, 303 S.W.3d at 732 (citations omitted). As set out

above, Olivarez incorrectly asserts that the medical records state that a rape kit was

made with buccal, vaginal, and anal swabs taken from the complainants. He also

complains the trial court failed to make an effort to determine whether such evidence

existed; however, it was Olivarez’s burden to satisfy the requirements of Chapter 64.

See Lewis, 191 S.W.3d at 228-29; Wilson, 185 S.W.3d at 484; see also TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(c). In addition, based on his assumption that there was a rape kit,

Olivarez contends that the evidence “undermines the trial court’s unsubstantiated

findings.” Olivarez further speculates that the biological evidence obtained during the

initial physical examination and preparation of the rape kit would contain flakes of skin

that were naturally shed or rubbed off during any contact. Olivarez argues that,

therefore, there is a “reasonable probability” that testing of the biological material

collected during the physical examination of both complainants would establish his 6 innocence. Based on Olivarez’s assertions and general claims that biological material

existed, we cannot conclude that the convicting court erroneously determined that

Olivarez failed to show the existence of evidence containing biological material. See

Swearingen, 303 S.W. 3d at 732.

Considering de novo the application of law to this fact, because no biological

evidence was obtained or preserved, we conclude the trial court did not err in determining

that reasonable grounds for testing were not present. See Gutierrez, 337 S.W.3d at 891.

With no reasonable grounds for testing, we further conclude that the trial court did not err

in determining that Olivarez was not entitled to the appointment of counsel. See id.;

Lewis, 191 S.W.3d at 228-29; Wilson, 185 S.W.3d at 484; see also TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(c). We overrule Olivarez’s sole issue.

V. CONCLUSION

We affirm the orders of the trial court.

NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ Justice

Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

Delivered and filed the 18th day of October, 2012.