Gaudiane v. Lundgren

723 P.2d 1267, 1986 Alas. LEXIS 375
CourtAlaska Supreme Court
DecidedAugust 29, 1986
DocketNo. S-879
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 723 P.2d 1267 (Gaudiane v. Lundgren) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Alaska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gaudiane v. Lundgren, 723 P.2d 1267, 1986 Alas. LEXIS 375 (Ala. 1986).

Opinion

COMPTON, Justice.

Daniel Gaudiane (Gaudiane) claims that James Lundgren (Lundgren) breached two separate agreements in which the parties were to acquire and share profits from certain real property. A jury returned a verdict in favor of Lundgren on the first agreement and the superior court directed a verdict in favor of Lundgren on the second. We reverse the jury’s verdict and affirm the directed verdict.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In 1976 Gaudiane and his wife purchased approximately 3.17 acres of property in Fairbanks, Alaska from Fern Palfy (Palfy Property). Gaudiane paid Ms. Palfy $886,-000 for the property, with $12,000 payable in cash and the balance by a promissory note, secured by a deed of trust on the property. Ms. Palfy later was declared incompetent and her daughter and son became conservators of her estate. Gaudiane experienced financial difficulties and could not make his payments. He filed for bankruptcy in June 1981. The Trustee in Bankruptcy, Jeanette James, became vested with title to the Palfy Property.

In September 1981 Gaudiane met with Lundgren, with whom he had had prior partnership transactions, and suggested that Lundgren could make some money by purchasing the Palfy Property. He told Lundgren that the property was appraised at $1,300,000 with a balance of about $800,-000 due on the note. Gaudiane brought [1269]*1269Ms. Palfy and Lundgren together. They executed an agreement in which Lundgren leased the property with the right to purchase it. The agreement was invalid because Ms. Palfy’s conservator, her son Roy Clark, had not approved it.

In January 1982 Gaudiane asked his attorney, Gene Belland, to draw up “a short commission-option agreement” for him and Lundgren concerning the Palfy Property. The final Memorandum of Agreement (Agreement) contained three paragraphs. Under paragraph one, Gaudiane was to receive $50,000 for services rendered in negotiating the sale of the Palfy Property to Lundgren. Under paragraph two, Gaudi-ane was granted an option to acquire a 25% interest in the property within six months after the “close of said purchase by Lund-gren” but only if he reimbursed Lundgren for 25% of the costs of acquiring the property. The third paragraph stated that the Agreement was contingent upon Lundgren and Clark signing a 42 month option on the property for $800,000. Lundgren and Gau-diane signed the Agreement but never dated it. The parties stipulated that they entered into the Agreement before April 2, 1982.

In April 1982 Clark and Lundgren signed a valid “Ground Lease and Purchase Agreement” (GLPA) in which Lundgren received a 42 month lease with an option to purchase the property for $800,000.1 Lundgren did not have to pay rent for the 42 months but had to pay all property taxes levied on the property.

Lundgren thereafter made efforts to clear title. He paid Gaudiane’s back taxes on the real property and other expenses. Some months later his attorney filed a petition to abandon burdensome property, requesting the bankruptcy court to convey the Palfy Property from the bankruptcy trustee to the Gaudianes. This was granted. Lundgren wanted the property removed from the bankruptcy estate so that the conservators could hold a nonjudicial deed of trust foreclosure. The foreclosure sale occurred in April 1983.

In May 1983 Gaudiane heard rumors that Lundgren was going to sell his interest in the GLPA. Gaudiane asked Belland to draft a letter to Lundgren, stating that under the Agreement Gaudiane was requesting $50,000 and was exercising his option to acquire a 25% interest in the Palfy Property. Lundgren’s attorney wrote back, stating that Gaudiane’s request for money and the exercise of the option was untimely since Lundgren had not purchased the Palfy Property. Additionally, the letter informed Gaudiane that if he believed he had the right to exercise the option, then he must, pursuant to the agreement, reimburse Lundgren for 25% of the title-clearing expenses. Gaudiane thereafter withdrew his purported exercise of purchase rights and requested an accounting of Lundgren’s expenses.

In July 1983 Lundgren and Richard Clymer, Lundgren’s accountant who had received a partnership interest in the Palfy Property, assigned their interest in the GLPA to Dick Fischer for $505,000.00.

One month later, Gaudiane again sent a letter to Lundgren notifying him that he was entitled to $50,000 and was exercising his option to acquire his 25% interest in the Palfy Property. He also requested an accounting of Lundgren’s expenses in developing and maintaining the property.

Lundgren’s attorney wrote back stating that 1) AS 08.88.1612 only permits licensed real estate brokers to engage in the sale and purchase of property;3 2) there had been no “close of purchase” as contemplated by the Agreement and therefore the [1270]*1270conditions triggering Gaudiane’s option never occurred; and 3) the letter indicated that Gaudiane never made any effort to pay the “burdens of partnership” such as the various taxes and liens.

Gaudiane filed suit against Lundgren for breach of contract. He claimed that Lund-gren refused to pay him for the services he rendered. As an affirmative defense, Lundgren claimed that Gaudiane’s claims were barred by AS 08.88.161 since he was seeking a commission and was not a licensed real estate broker. Lundgren moved for summary judgment relying in part on AS 08.88.161. See supra note 2. The court denied the motion.

Lundgren then confessed liability for the $50,000 under paragraph one of the Agreement but reserved his right to assert the legal defense of AS 08.88.161 at trial.

After a long trial, a jury returned a verdict in favor of Lundgren on both paragraphs one and two of the Agreement. The court denied Gaudiane’s motion for a new trial and for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. This gives rise to Gaudi-ane’s first two issues on appeal: his right to $50,000 under paragraph one and the validity of his exercise of his option under paragraph two.

The third issue on appeal concerns an alleged oral partnership agreement between Lundgren and Gaudiane regarding the Ambassador Apartments. Gaudiane claims that he has a 50% ownership interest in the apartments but has never received any of the profits from Lundgren.

After all of the evidence was presented, Lundgren’s attorney moved for a directed verdict on the Ambassador Apartments claim. The court granted the motion on the following grounds: 1) the oral agreement giving rise to the claimed ownership interest was unenforceable under the statute of frauds; 2) there was no contract between the parties because there was no consideration or mutual assent.

II. DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN INSTRUCTING THE JURY ON AS 08.88.161?

The pertinent jury instruction provides:

AS 8.88.401(b) provides that a person who is not a real estate broker licensed in this state may not accept a fee or a commission for a performance of an act for which a license is required by this chapter.

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Related

Lundgren v. Gaudiane
782 P.2d 285 (Alaska Supreme Court, 1989)
Gaudiane v. Lundgren
754 P.2d 742 (Alaska Supreme Court, 1988)
Gudenau & Co., Inc. v. Sweeney Ins., Inc.
736 P.2d 763 (Alaska Supreme Court, 1987)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
723 P.2d 1267, 1986 Alas. LEXIS 375, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gaudiane-v-lundgren-alaska-1986.