Garrett v. State

756 N.E.2d 523, 2001 Ind. App. LEXIS 1695, 2001 WL 1143704
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedSeptember 28, 2001
Docket49A02-0010-CR-659
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 756 N.E.2d 523 (Garrett v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Garrett v. State, 756 N.E.2d 523, 2001 Ind. App. LEXIS 1695, 2001 WL 1143704 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

OPINION

SULLIVAN, Judge.

Following a jury trial, Appellant, Megan Garrett, was convicted of Reckless Homicide, 1 a Class C felony. Upon appeal, Garrett presents three issues for review, which we restate as:

(1) whether the trial court erred when it instructed the jury regarding lesser included offenses;
(2) whether the evidence was sufficient to support the conviction;
(3) whether the trial court improperly imposed the maximum sentence.

We affirm.

The facts most favorable to the jury's verdict reveal that on August 3, 1999, an ambulance from the Brownsburg Fire Department responded to a report of an unresponsive child at the home of Megan Garrett, located in Marion County. An emergency medical technician arrived to find Garrett on a swimming pool deck with her two-year-old son, J.G. J.G. was wet and unresponsive, and Garrett indicated that her son had fallen into the pool. Fire department personnel attempted to revive J.G. and continued their efforts en route to the hospital. Despite these attempts, J.G. remained unresponsive, and after further efforts to revive the child at the hospital, J.G. was pronounced dead.

As J.G. was being rushed to the ambulance, Marion County Deputy Sheriff Rob Challis arrived at Garrett's home. Deputy Challis called for a detective, and Doug Scheffel, a detective with the Marion County Sheriff's Department, arrived at the scene. When Detective Scheffel asked Garrett what had occurred, she told him that she had laid J.G. down for a nap at approximately 1:00 p.m. and began to do the laundry. Garrett further told Detective Scheffel that she later went into the bedroom where she had laid J.G., discovered that he was no longer there, and began to look for him. Garrett said that she eventually found J.G. in the swimming pool.

The next day, the police asked Garrett to come to the police station to be inter *527 viewed concerning J.G.'s death. Detective Scheffel and Lieutenant Christopher Heff-ner, also of the Marion County Sheriff's Department, interviewed Garrett _ At first, Garrett maintained that J.G. had drowned in the swimming pool. Detective Scheffel then confronted Garrett with the results of the medical examiner's report, which indicated that J.G. died from manual strangulation. Although she continued for a few minutes to insist that J.G. drowned, Garrett eventually told the detectives that she had gotten him in a choke-hold and squeezed him until he went limp. After signing a waiver of her Miranda rights, Garrett repeated her statement to the police on videotape.

The State charged Garrett with murder. 2 Near the end of the trial, the State tendered instructions on voluntary manslaughter and reckless homicide. The trial court gave these instructions to the jury over Garrett's objection. The jury found Garrett guilty of reckless homicide, and the trial court sentenced Garrett to a total of eight years incarceration.

I

Jury Instructions Regarding Lesser Included Offenses

Garrett claims that the trial court erred when, over her objection, it instructed the jury regarding voluntary manslaughter and reckless homicide. In her Statement of the Issues, Garrett states it as "Whether a trial court can properly give lesser included offense instructions over objection by the defense." Appellant's Brief at 1.

Garrett's objection to the reckless homicide instruction, however, was merely that she was not requesting the jury to consider any lesser included offenses. This implies that she was risking an "all or nothing" jury verdiet, ie. murder or acquittal. Her brief, however, asserts that the error in giving the instruction was because her defense was that the child's death was an accidental drowning and that there was no evidentiary dispute with regard to the various elements distinguishing murder from other lesser included offenses. Although one might discern from this that her right to an "all or nothing" verdict necessarily follows, she does not argue nor cite authority which would undermine the State's ability to give the jury alternatives to an "all or nothing" verdict, even over defendant's objection.

In any event, albeit without discussion as to which party is seeking the instruction, instructions upon lesser included offenses given over defendant's objection have been approved by our Supreme Court and by this court. See e.g., Wilkins v. State, 716 N.E.2d 955 (Ind.1999); Porter v. State, 671 N.E.2d 152 (Ind.Ct.App.1996), trans. denied.

Those two cases did not discuss the issue in terms of whether the instruction was sought and refused by the defendant as opposed to given over the objection of the defendant. Both cases rely upon Wright v. State, 658 N.E.2d 563 (Ind.1995) as the test for when a lesser included offense instruction is appropriate, if not required. In Wright, the defendant was charged with murder. In response to a jury inquiry during their deliberations, as to whether they might convict of reckless homicide, the jury was advised with regard to the offense of reckless homicide, as well as other offenses, i.e., voluntary manslaughter, involuntary manslaughter, and battery. Defendant did not object to this advisement. See Wright v. State, 643 N.E.2d 417, 420 (Ind.Ct.App.1994) (Gar- *528 rard, J., dissenting). He was convicted of reckless homicide.

Be that as it may, by focusing upon the cireumstances under which lesser included offense instructions may be or should be given, Wright strongly implies that the judicial determination as to whether to give such instructions does not depend upon which party tenders them and whether or not the other party poses an objection.

Instructing the jury is left to the sound discretion of the trial court, and we will not reverse absent an abuse of that discretion. Clark v. State 732 N.E.2d 1225, 1230 (Ind.Ct.App.2000). To determine whether a trial court should instruct a jury regarding a lesser included offense, we follow the test enunciated by our Supreme Court in Wright, 658 N.E.2d at 566-67. Under the Wright test, we first determine whether the lesser offense is either inherently or factually included in the offense charged. Id. Garrett concedes that both voluntary manslaughter and reckless homicide are inherently lesser included offenses of murder. See Washington v. State, 685 N.E.2d 724, 727 (Ind.Ct.App.1997) (holding that voluntary manslaughter is an inherently included offense of murder); Brown v. State, 659 N.E.2d 652, 656 (Ind.Ct.App.1995) (holding that reckless homicide is an inherently included offense of murder), trans. denied.

Because the lesser offenses of voluntary manslaughter and reckless homicide are included in the charged offense of murder, we must determine whether a serious evi-dentiary dispute exists as to which offense the defendant committed. See Wright, 658 N.E.2d at 567.

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Bluebook (online)
756 N.E.2d 523, 2001 Ind. App. LEXIS 1695, 2001 WL 1143704, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/garrett-v-state-indctapp-2001.