Garrett v. Lawyers Inc.

653 N.E.2d 48, 210 Ill. Dec. 461, 273 Ill. App. 3d 545, 1995 Ill. App. LEXIS 495
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJune 29, 1995
Docket1-94-0403
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 653 N.E.2d 48 (Garrett v. Lawyers Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Garrett v. Lawyers Inc., 653 N.E.2d 48, 210 Ill. Dec. 461, 273 Ill. App. 3d 545, 1995 Ill. App. LEXIS 495 (Ill. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

JUSTICE CAHILL

delivered the opinion of the court:

Plaintiffs sued defendants for legal malpractice alleging that they had failed to file a lawsuit before the statute of limitations had run. The trial court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss, but certified a question for interlocutory appeal under Supreme Court Rule 308 (134 Ill. 2d R. 308). We reverse.

The question is phrased in such a way that we are asked to address the impact of our supreme court’s decision in Hernon v. E. W. Corrigan Construction Co. (1992), 149 Ill. 2d 190, 595 N.E.2d 561. Plaintiffs’ complaint, though alleging a violation of the Structural Work Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 48, par. 60 et seq.), assumes that the two-year statute of limitations for personal injuries set out in section 13 — 202 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110, par. 13 — 202) applies. Hernon, decided after the complaint was filed in this case, held that the four-year statute of limitations set out in section 13 — 214 of the Code governed actions under the Structural Work Act. Hernon, 149 Ill. 2d 190, 595 N.E.2d 561.

At the time Hernon was decided and at the time the alleged malpractice in this case happened, section 13 — 202 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110, par. 13 — 202) and section 13 — 214 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110, par. 13 — 214) were both in effect. Until 1985, both sections set out a two-year statute of limitations. But, in September of 1985 section 13 — 214, applicable to construction accidents, was lengthened to four years.

The thrust of plaintiffs’ argument is that after 1985, and before Hernon, the legal community "historically relied” on a two-year statute of limitations and the defendants’ failure to do so amounts to malpractice. We disagree and reverse.

Terry Lee Garrett was injured while working at a construction site on August 17, 1987. Plaintiffs hired defendants to represent them. The plaintiffs later discharged the defendant attorneys more than two years, but less than four years, after the accident. Defendants had never filed suit on behalf of the plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs then hired a second attorney. On April 1, 1991, plaintiffs, through their second attorney, filed an eight-count complaint. Count IV alleged legal malpractice against the defendants for failing to file suit before the two-year statute of limitations under section 13 — 202 expired. The remaining counts named Weiland Properties, Inc., Habco Development Co., Inc., De Graf Brothers, Inc., and A. C. Alexander, LTD. (the Structural Work Act defendants), as defendants and alleged a violation of the Structural Work Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 48, par. 60 et seq.).

The Structural Work Act defendants moved to dismiss under section 2 — 619(a)(5) of the Code of Civil Procedure. They argued that the two-year statute of limitations under section 13 — 202 of the Code barred plaintiffs’ suit as to them. The court agreed and granted a motion to dismiss the Structural Work Act defendants. Plaintiffs did not appeal this order.

Plaintiffs then filed an amended complaint on December 2, 1992, directed only at their former attorneys. The complaint alleged that defendants were hired to represent plaintiffs before the two-year statute of limitations had run, were not discharged until after the statute had expired, and that the defendants did not file a suit within that two-year period.

Defendants filed a motion to dismiss under sections 2 — 615 and 2 — 619 of the Code on January 21, 1993. Defendants argued in their section 2 — 619 motion that time remained to file suit under the four-year statute of limitations after they were discharged.

While this matter was pending, plaintiffs filed a petition under section 2 — 1401 for relief from the earlier dismissal of the Structural Work Act defendants from their original complaint. The petition was filed before the same judge considering the amended complaint. Plaintiffs cited the recently decided Hernon case in support of their petition that the four-year statute of limitations should have applied to their original complaint. The Structural Work Act defendants responded with a motion to dismiss the petition. After a hearing, the court denied plaintiffs’ motion for relief under section 2 — 1401. Plaintiffs did not appeal this order.

The court then went on to deny the defendant attorneys’ motions to dismiss the remaining malpractice count against them. The defendant attorneys filed a motion to reconsider. The court denied that motion and the defendant attorneys filed this interlocutory appeal after the trial court certified a question under Supreme Court Rule 308.

Plaintiffs argue that during the time defendants represented them, and before Hernon was decided, from about January 14, 1988, to sometime before April 1, 1991, a two-year statute of limitations applied to claims for personal injury at a construction site. Plaintiffs cite no appellate court authority in support, but rely on an Illinois Bar Journal article: Gleason, Illinois Expanded Statute of Limitations for Injured Construction Workers, 82 Ill. B.J. 252 (1994). There the author wrote: "[pjarties involved in construction related tort actions have historically relied upon the two-year limitations period set forth in section 13 — 202 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure.”

Plaintiffs argue that defendants were required to abide by this historical reliance on a two-year statute of limitations. They argue that the decision in Hernon rejected a "long accepted notion” that the two-year personal injury statute of limitations applies to construction-related accidents. The supreme court, however, made no references to "long accepted notions” in Hernon. The supreme court held that the four-year statute of limitations under section 13— 214(a) governed negligence and Structural Work Act claims for personal injuries sustained by a worker at a construction site.

The court was well aware of section 13 — 202 and noted that personal injuries at construction sites "could fall neatly under either statute of limitations.” (Hernon, 149 Ill. 2d at 194, 595 N.E.2d at 562.) But, the court concluded: "based upon our general rules of statutory construction, our appellate court’s interpretation of the repose portion of section 13 — 214, and the legislative history of section 13 — 214, we agree with the plaintiff that section 13 — 214(a) governs his cause.” (Hernon, 149 Ill. 2d at 194, 595 N.E.2d at 562.) The court held that although the claim could fit into either section 13 — 202 or 13 — 214 "[wjhere there are two statutory provisions, one which is general and designed to apply to cases generally, and the other is particular and relates to only one subject, the particular provision must prevail.” Hernon, 149 Ill. 2d at 195, 595 N.E.2d at 563.

Plaintiffs argue that to apply Hernon to the case before us amounts to a retroactive application. We disagree. The retroactive argument rests on an assumption that Hernon changed existing law. It did not.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
653 N.E.2d 48, 210 Ill. Dec. 461, 273 Ill. App. 3d 545, 1995 Ill. App. LEXIS 495, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/garrett-v-lawyers-inc-illappct-1995.