The opinion of the court was delivered by
Schoonover, J. :
The defendant in error, R. H. Cooper, purchased from Horace Blakely a stock of goods, which was afterward levied upon by attaching creditors. Suit for conversion was brought and judgment obtained by R. H. Cooper against Sheriff H. T. Dodson. In settlement of this judgment Dodson executed and delivered to Cooper his promissory note for the amount thereof, with interest, and assigned to Cooper the following indemnifying bond, given to him prior to the levying of the attachments :
“State ob' Kansas, Butler County, ss.
“H. T. Simon et al., Plaintiffs, vs. Horace Blakely, Defendant. In the district court in and for said county.
“Whereas, The above-named plaintiffs have sued out a writ of attachment herein against defendant and ordered the same levied by H. T. Dodson, sheriff of. said county, on goods, wares and merchandise claimed to be owned by third parties : now, we, the undersigned, promise and undertake to said H. T. Dodson, [589]*589sheriff of said Butler county, Kansas, to hold him harmless from all loss and damage by reason of such levy. II. T. Simon .and Morse.
By E. E. Carr, their A ttorney.
H. II. Gardner, Cashier.”
“State of Kansas, Butler County, ss.
“I, H. H. Gardner, do solemnly swear that I am worth the sum of $3000 over and above all my debts, liabilities, and exemptions. So help me God.
H. H. Gardner, Cashier.”
“ Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 29th day of November, a. d. 1894.
H. T. Brown, Notary Public.
(My commission expires June 6,1886.)”
“Webb City, Mo., January 28, 1895.
“For value received, I hereby assign and set over to R. H. Cooper the within bond and all right of action thereunder.
“Witness my hand the day and year above written.
H. T: Dodson.”
Afterward Cooper commenced this action on the bond and recovered a judgment against II. H. Gardner, plaintiff in error, for the sum of $550. Gardner brings the case here for review.
It is claimed that the trial court erred in overruling the motion of plaintiff in error to strike from the petition certain allegations concerning the conditions of the bond, for the reason that the conditions as stated did not exist and were not contained in the bond. The petition alleges that
“by the terms and conditions of which they promised and agreed to indemnify the said H. T. Dodson and hold him free and harmless from all trouble, loss, suits, costs and judgments resulting from the service of said order of attachment and the sale of all or any goods or chattels taken thereunder.”
The recital in the bond, which is made a part of the petition, is as follows :
“Now, we, the undersigned, promise and undertake [590]*590obtained from Cooper a release. In the case of Bauman v. Credit Guarantee Co., 47 Minn. 377, 50 N. W. 496, the court said:
“It is well settled in this country, in accordance with the rule of the civil law, that the giving by a surety or secondary debtor of his own negotiable promissory note, which is accepted by the creditor, not collaterally, but as actual payment and satisfaction of the original debt, will be held payment as against the principal debtor, and gives at once a right of action against him by the surety for the amount of his note ; in other words, the note is treated as money. ”
The doctrine laid down in the case of Wilson v. Smith, 23 Iowa, 252, and authorities there cited, we think applicable here. The court said :
“The. obligee in an indemnity bond, conditioned to save him harmless from any damages, cannot maintain an action thereon until he has, by the payment of the judgment against him, been damaged. But it seems, if the bond is conditioned to save him from all liability, that he might maintain an action without paying the judgment.”
“ Payment of the judgment in the first class of cases may be made otherwise than in money. It may be made in the note of the obligee, and thereupon he or his assignee may maintain an action upon the bond.”
Plaintiff in error contends :
“The court erred in withdrawing from the consideration of the jury the evidence that had been offered and received establishing the fact that the bond in controversy was executed by the plaintiff in error and received by Dodson as the bond of the bank, and not the personal obligation of the plaintiff in error.”
• The court instructed the jury as follows :
‘‘ There has been some testimony offered here on behalf of the defense tending to prove the fact that this bond was executed by the defendant, Gardner, [591]*591to said H. T. Dodson, sheriff of said Butler county, Kansas, to hold him harmless from all loss and damage by reason of such levy.”
The allegations in the petition are not so repugnant to the recital in the bond as would, under our liberal rules, justify this court in declaring the ruling of the trial court on the motion to be error. Motions of this character, however, made in time, are looked upon with favor and should be carefully considered by trial courts, that the pleadings may be purged of .redundant, irrelevant and immaterial matter.
It is further contended that the court erred in overruling the general demurrer to the petition. The proposition contended for is “that the defendant was not liable unless there had been some actual loss or damage sustained by Dodson by reason of the levy; that the plaintiff in error was not liable unless Dodson had paid the judgment rendered against him in favor of Cooper.” It is alleged in the petition :
“That on the 28th day of January, 1895, 'the said H. T. Dodson, in payment and satisfaction of said judgment, gave this plaintiff his promissory note due one day after date for the sum of $4193, the amount of said judgment, interest, and costs, and said plaintiff executed and delivered to said H. T. Dodson a release and discharge from and satisfaction of said judgment. That at the time of the execution and delivery of said note the said H. T. Dodson, as security for the payment of the money mentioned therein, assigned in writing the above-mentioned indemnifying bond, and all his right, title and interest therein and right of action thereunder, to said plaintiff.”
The authorities on this proposition do not agree. In our opinion, the allegations of the petition are sufficient. Dodson satisfied the judgment 'by giving his note, together with an assignment of the bond, and [592]
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The opinion of the court was delivered by
Schoonover, J. :
The defendant in error, R. H. Cooper, purchased from Horace Blakely a stock of goods, which was afterward levied upon by attaching creditors. Suit for conversion was brought and judgment obtained by R. H. Cooper against Sheriff H. T. Dodson. In settlement of this judgment Dodson executed and delivered to Cooper his promissory note for the amount thereof, with interest, and assigned to Cooper the following indemnifying bond, given to him prior to the levying of the attachments :
“State ob' Kansas, Butler County, ss.
“H. T. Simon et al., Plaintiffs, vs. Horace Blakely, Defendant. In the district court in and for said county.
“Whereas, The above-named plaintiffs have sued out a writ of attachment herein against defendant and ordered the same levied by H. T. Dodson, sheriff of. said county, on goods, wares and merchandise claimed to be owned by third parties : now, we, the undersigned, promise and undertake to said H. T. Dodson, [589]*589sheriff of said Butler county, Kansas, to hold him harmless from all loss and damage by reason of such levy. II. T. Simon .and Morse.
By E. E. Carr, their A ttorney.
H. II. Gardner, Cashier.”
“State of Kansas, Butler County, ss.
“I, H. H. Gardner, do solemnly swear that I am worth the sum of $3000 over and above all my debts, liabilities, and exemptions. So help me God.
H. H. Gardner, Cashier.”
“ Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 29th day of November, a. d. 1894.
H. T. Brown, Notary Public.
(My commission expires June 6,1886.)”
“Webb City, Mo., January 28, 1895.
“For value received, I hereby assign and set over to R. H. Cooper the within bond and all right of action thereunder.
“Witness my hand the day and year above written.
H. T: Dodson.”
Afterward Cooper commenced this action on the bond and recovered a judgment against II. H. Gardner, plaintiff in error, for the sum of $550. Gardner brings the case here for review.
It is claimed that the trial court erred in overruling the motion of plaintiff in error to strike from the petition certain allegations concerning the conditions of the bond, for the reason that the conditions as stated did not exist and were not contained in the bond. The petition alleges that
“by the terms and conditions of which they promised and agreed to indemnify the said H. T. Dodson and hold him free and harmless from all trouble, loss, suits, costs and judgments resulting from the service of said order of attachment and the sale of all or any goods or chattels taken thereunder.”
The recital in the bond, which is made a part of the petition, is as follows :
“Now, we, the undersigned, promise and undertake [590]*590obtained from Cooper a release. In the case of Bauman v. Credit Guarantee Co., 47 Minn. 377, 50 N. W. 496, the court said:
“It is well settled in this country, in accordance with the rule of the civil law, that the giving by a surety or secondary debtor of his own negotiable promissory note, which is accepted by the creditor, not collaterally, but as actual payment and satisfaction of the original debt, will be held payment as against the principal debtor, and gives at once a right of action against him by the surety for the amount of his note ; in other words, the note is treated as money. ”
The doctrine laid down in the case of Wilson v. Smith, 23 Iowa, 252, and authorities there cited, we think applicable here. The court said :
“The. obligee in an indemnity bond, conditioned to save him harmless from any damages, cannot maintain an action thereon until he has, by the payment of the judgment against him, been damaged. But it seems, if the bond is conditioned to save him from all liability, that he might maintain an action without paying the judgment.”
“ Payment of the judgment in the first class of cases may be made otherwise than in money. It may be made in the note of the obligee, and thereupon he or his assignee may maintain an action upon the bond.”
Plaintiff in error contends :
“The court erred in withdrawing from the consideration of the jury the evidence that had been offered and received establishing the fact that the bond in controversy was executed by the plaintiff in error and received by Dodson as the bond of the bank, and not the personal obligation of the plaintiff in error.”
• The court instructed the jury as follows :
‘‘ There has been some testimony offered here on behalf of the defense tending to prove the fact that this bond was executed by the defendant, Gardner, [591]*591to said H. T. Dodson, sheriff of said Butler county, Kansas, to hold him harmless from all loss and damage by reason of such levy.”
The allegations in the petition are not so repugnant to the recital in the bond as would, under our liberal rules, justify this court in declaring the ruling of the trial court on the motion to be error. Motions of this character, however, made in time, are looked upon with favor and should be carefully considered by trial courts, that the pleadings may be purged of .redundant, irrelevant and immaterial matter.
It is further contended that the court erred in overruling the general demurrer to the petition. The proposition contended for is “that the defendant was not liable unless there had been some actual loss or damage sustained by Dodson by reason of the levy; that the plaintiff in error was not liable unless Dodson had paid the judgment rendered against him in favor of Cooper.” It is alleged in the petition :
“That on the 28th day of January, 1895, 'the said H. T. Dodson, in payment and satisfaction of said judgment, gave this plaintiff his promissory note due one day after date for the sum of $4193, the amount of said judgment, interest, and costs, and said plaintiff executed and delivered to said H. T. Dodson a release and discharge from and satisfaction of said judgment. That at the time of the execution and delivery of said note the said H. T. Dodson, as security for the payment of the money mentioned therein, assigned in writing the above-mentioned indemnifying bond, and all his right, title and interest therein and right of action thereunder, to said plaintiff.”
The authorities on this proposition do not agree. In our opinion, the allegations of the petition are sufficient. Dodson satisfied the judgment 'by giving his note, together with an assignment of the bond, and [592]*592and delivered as the bond of the Exchange National Bank, and not as an individual bond, and that it was accepted by Dodson, as sheriff, as such bond ; but, in the opinion of the court, the evidence is insufficient to warrant any such conclusion, and, therefore, all that evidence with reference to the capacity in which hb signed that bond will be withdrawn from your consideration, and you will not consider it at all in the determination of this action.”
It will be observed that the bond is signed, “ PI. H. Gardner, cashier.” The word cashier is prima facie descriptive only, and extrinsic evidence is admissible to show how the word was understood, as determining the character in which he contracted. There is an uncertainty appearing on the face of the contract. It is doubtful for what purpose the word “ cashier ” is used; this may be shown by parol. It is true that there is nothing in the body of the contract to indicate that the bank is to be bound thereby. Upon its face it is prima facie the signature of H. H. Gardner, but the word “cashier” affixed to the signature is sufficient to bring it within the rule stated in the case of Rowell v. Olson, 32 Minn. 288, 20 N. W. 227, where the court said:
“ It is incompetent to prove by parol that a written contract was made on behalf of one not named in it, unless there be words (such as ‘agent/ ‘trustee/ or the like) affixed to the name of the contracting party which may indicate that he is contracting for another.”
See Souhegan National Bank v. Boardman, 46 Minn. 293, 48 N. W. 1116.
In the case of Kline v. Bank of Tescott, 50 Kan. 91, 31 Pac. 688, the syllabus reads as follows :
“Where a note is executed by a corporation, and is signed by its president and secretary, and its directors [593]*593write their names upon the back thereof as directors, before delivery, extrinsic evidence is admissible between the original parties or any subsequent holder of the note, accepting the same as collateral, with full notice of all the facts and circumstances connected with the execution and delivery thereof, not only to show that the president and secretary executed the instrument in their official capacity as officers of the corporation, but also that the directors signed the note on the back thereof solely as officers of the corporation, and to bind the corporation only.”
Opinion filed March 19, 1900.
See Benham v. Smith, 53 Kan. 495, 36 Pac. 997; Shaffer v. Hohenschild, 2 Kan. App. 516, 43 Pac. 979.
In this case it may be said that the signature, “ H. H. Gardner, cashier,” is prima facie descriptive of the person who signed the bond, or indicative of the character in which he signed it; it may be also that “ H. JEL. Gardner, cashier,” is prima facie liable individually. The evidence withdrawn was competent so far as it went, but before the prima facie liability could be overcome, before the trial court could submit the evidence to the jury as tending to establish a defense, it was incnmbent upon the defendant to prove that the bank had the power to sign the bond, and that it authorized it to be done. This was not attempted ’ the evidence therefore was properly withdrawn. (Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. v. Boutell, 45 Minn. 21, 47 N. W. 216.)
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.