Gardiner v. State

903 N.E.2d 552, 2009 Ind. App. LEXIS 641, 2009 WL 866854
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedMarch 31, 2009
Docket08A02-0810-CR-874
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 903 N.E.2d 552 (Gardiner v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gardiner v. State, 903 N.E.2d 552, 2009 Ind. App. LEXIS 641, 2009 WL 866854 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinions

OPINION

ROBB, Judge.

Case Summary and Issue

Julie Gardiner appeals the trial court's modification of her sentence for dealing in methamphetamine within 1000 feet of a public park, a Class A felony, to twenty years all to be executed at the Department of Correction. For our review, Gardiner raises a single issue: whether the trial court erred when it determined that Indiana Code section 35-50-2-2(b)(1) (the "non-suspension rule") prohibited it from suspending any portion of Gardiner's twenty-year sentence where Gardiner had a prior Class D felony conviction that was subsequently reduced to a Class A misdemeanor conviction. Concluding that Gard-iner's prior conviction triggers the non-suspension rule, we affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

On February 10, 2005, Gardiner was charged in Hamilton County with possession of chemical precursors with intent to manufacture controlled substances, a Class D felony. On March 2, 2007, Gardiner pled guilty to the Class D felony charge in return for the State's promise that it would not object to the conviction being reduced to a Class A misdemeanor if Gard-immer successfully completed her one-year probation sentence. On February 8, 2008, [554]*554the Hamilton County trial court, upon a petition to modify sentence from Gardiner, reduced Gardiner's conviction from a Class D felony to a Class A misdemeanor.

On March 9, 2006, the State charged Gardiner in Marion County with dealing in methamphetamine within 1000 feet of a public park, a Class A felony. On July 13, 2007, following a jury trial, Gardiner was convicted and sentenced to thirty years with ten years suspended to supervised probation. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court determined that Gardiner's sentence could not be suspended below the statutory minimum of twenty years because she had a prior unrelated felony.

Gardiner appealed her conviction in this court raising inter alia the issue of whether the trial court improperly determined that her sentence could not be suspended beyond the statutory minimum. This court, declining to speculate upon the possibility of future sentence modification, held that the Class D felony triggered the non-suspension rule and affirmed her sentence.1 See Gardiner v. State, No. 08A02-0708-CR-739, 2008 WL 880513, at *3-4 (Ind.Ct.App. April 3, 2008).

Following her appeal, Gardiner filed a petition to modify sentence in the Marion County trial court. The trial court held a hearing on June 12, 2008. Following the hearing, the trial court remarked on her "conduct after sentencing," the "good things" Gardiner had accomplished while incarcerated, and her "change of attitude." Transcript at 49. The trial court reduced Gardiner's sentence from thirty years to twenty years, but still ordered the twenty years be executed at the Department of Correction because it believed the non-suspension rule still applied. The trial court stated that it was modifying to the extent it believed it had authority and that it would modify the sentence further if given the choice. Gardiner now appeals.

Discussion and Decision

Gardiner asks us to determine, as a matter of first impression, whether Indiana Code section 35-50-2-2(b)(1) prohibits a trial court from imposing an executed sentence below the statutory minimum when the defendant has a prior conviction for a Class D felony which has been subsequently reduced to a Class A misdemeanor. Generally, we review a trial court's decision to modify a sentence only for an abuse of discretion. See Myers v. State, 718 N.E.2d 783, 789 (Ind.Ct.App.1999). However, because the facts here are not in dispute and the issue presents a pure question of law, namely the interpretation of the statute, our standard of review is de novo. See Houston v. State, 898 N.E.2d 358, 361 (Ind.Ct.App.2008).

I. Statutory Authority

Indiana Code section 35-50-2-2(b)(1) allows the trial court to suspend only that portion of a sentence that is in excess of the minimum sentence when the crime committed was a Class A felony and the person has a prior unrelated felony conviction. At the time of Gardiner's sentencing on the Class A felony, she had a prior unrelated Class D felony conviction. Subsequently, the Hamilton County trial court, pursuant to Gardiner's petition to modify her conviction based on fulfilling the terms of her plea agreement, reduced Gardiner's conviction from a Class D felo[555]*555ny to a Class A misdemeanor.2 Gardiner argues because her prior unrelated felony conviction has now been reduced to a misdemeanor conviction, the non-suspension rule should no longer apply, and the trial court should be free to suspend her sentence below the statutory minimum.

Indiana Code section 35-50-2-1(b) excludes from the definition of "felony conviction" a conviction for a Class D felony, which, at the time of conviction, is entered as a Class A misdemeanor pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-50-2-7(b). However, the Hamilton County trial court did not enter a judgment of conviction of a Class A misdemeanor at the time of trial. Rather, Gardiner entered into a guilty plea agreement whereby the State would not object to her petition to modify her convietion to a Class A misdemeanor after the successful completion of a one-year probation sentence. Thus, it is not clear that the later modification of Gardiner's convietion from a Class D felony to a Class A misdemeanor retroactively excludes the offense from the statutory definition of a "felony conviction."

No Indiana court has addressed the issue of whether a reduction of a prior conviction from a felony to a misdemeanor pursuant to the terms of a plea agreement affects the application of the non-suspension rule in Indiana Code section 35-50-2-2(b)(1). But see State v. Messenger, 650 N.E.2d 702, 704 (Ind.Ct.App.1995) ("An enhanced conviction of OWI With a Prior cannot stand where the predicate offense has been vacated."); Spivey v. State, 638 N.e.2d 1308, 1812 (Ind.Ct.App.1994) ("An habitual offender verdict which was based upon a predicate offense subsequently set aside for constitutional reasons must be vacated.") However, the Model Penal Code states that an order vacating a judgment of conviction following an offender's early discharge from probation or parole or following an offender's avoidance of further criminal activity subsequent to the completion of an executed sentence "has only prospective operation" and "does not preclude consideration of the conviction for purposes of sentence if the defendant subsequently is convicted of another crime." § 306.6(8). In addition, our supreme court reached a similar conclusion as dicta in Hutcherson v. State, stating:

"It is the general rule that a judgment holds fast as a final determination until such time as it may be reversed. There was no reversal of petitioner's prior conviction in this case, as the Court of Appeals' opinion clearly indicated it was modified and not reversed. Therefore, this prior judgment remained a felony conviction...."

441 N.E.2d 962 (Ind.1982). Similarly here, Gardiner's D felony conviction was not vacated or reversed. Rather the Hamilton County trial court's order reads, "[the conviction is now modified to a Class A Misd." Appellant's App. at 36.

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Gardiner v. State
903 N.E.2d 552 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2009)

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Bluebook (online)
903 N.E.2d 552, 2009 Ind. App. LEXIS 641, 2009 WL 866854, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gardiner-v-state-indctapp-2009.