Gannett Co. v. James

108 Misc. 2d 862, 438 N.Y.S.2d 901, 7 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 1294, 1981 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2304
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 24, 1981
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 108 Misc. 2d 862 (Gannett Co. v. James) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gannett Co. v. James, 108 Misc. 2d 862, 438 N.Y.S.2d 901, 7 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 1294, 1981 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2304 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1981).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Elizabeth W. Pine, J.

Petitioners, a newspaper publisher and two reporters, seek judgment in this article 78 proceeding directing the disclosure of documents requested in six separate applications made pursuant to the Freedom of Information Law (FOIL), article 6 of the Public Officers Law. Of the six records-access applications before this court, two were directed to the records-access officer for the City of Rochester, and four to the records-access officer for the County of Monroe. Each of petitioners’ six applications was initially denied by the records-access officer receiving it, and each denial was sustained on an administrative appeal prior to the commencement of this proceeding.

[863]*863In addition to the request for disclosure made in the petition, and presumably only if such disclosure is denied, petitioners’ notice of motion separately requests an “itemization and detailed description” of all records withheld, a “detailed analysis justifying the withholding of each requested record or portion thereof,” and an “index correlating specific statements in such justification analysis with actual portions of the requested records.”

Respondents oppose disclosure and raise objections in point of law (CPLR 7804, subd [fj) on a number of grounds: that disclosure of these records is governed by section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law, which respondents urge is a State statute specifically exempting such records from disclosure within the meaning of section 87 (subd 2, par [a]) of the Public Officers Law; that the records requested are protected by the “public interest privilege”; that the records requested are compiled for law enforcement purposes and would, if disclosed, either interfere with law enforcement investigations or judicial proceedings (Public Officers Law, § 87, subd 2, par [e], cl i) or identify a confidential source or disclose confidential information relating to a criminal investigation (Public Officers Law, § 87, subd 2, par [e], cl iii); that disclosure would constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (Public Officers Law, § 87, subd 2, par [b]; subd 2); and that some of the records are interagency or intra-agency materials not among those which the law requires to be disclosed (Public Officers Law, § 87, subd 2, par [g], els i-iii). As the Court of Appeals nqted recently, the current FOIL (Public Officers Law, § 89, subd 4, par [b]), in contrast to earlier versions of the statute, expressly imposes “the burden of demonstrating that the material requested is exempt * * * squarely on the shoulders of the one who asserts it”. (Matter of Westchester Rockland Newspapers v Kimball, 50 NY2d 575, 580.)

I. RECORDS ACCESS DENIED BY THE CITY OF ROCHESTER

A. Application of petitioner Jacobson dated February 19, 1980 (petition, Exhibit A).

The first of the two access requests directed to the access officer for the City of Rochester by petitioner Jacobson, [864]*864dated February 19, 1980, requests access to: “Complaints to the Rochester Police Department internal affairs involving charges of harassment or use of force by members of the police dept, in the past 2 years. Must include complaintant [sic] name, officer involved and resulting investigation.”

The ■ court will first consider the threshold issue of whether the documents requested in Exhibit A are governed by section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law and are therefore “specifically exempted from disclosure by state *** statute” within the meaning of section 87 (subd 2, par [a]) of the Public Officers Law and unavailable under the FOIL. Petitioners contend that section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law “gives protection to police files in criminal prosecutions but is of little or no relevance to an action brought pursuant to the FOIL.” However, if respondents are correct in their contention that section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law exempts these records from FOIL disclosure, that statute is not only relevant but dispositive.

On its face, section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law contains no language limiting its application to criminal proceedings. The bill jacket concerning this statute shows that the statute was enacted to provide restrictions and consistent safeguards against the disclosure of certain police records. While much of the support for the bill was based on the need to curtail “fishing expeditions” into police personnel history and abuses in the cross-examination of police officers in criminal cases, the bill could not effectively provide such safeguards were its application limited to criminal cases. Indeed, the June 8, 1976 memorandum in support of the bill submitted by the Superintendent of the New York State Police shows that many understood that the new statutory safeguards would extend to civil as well as criminal proceedings. Based on the language of the statute, its legislative history, and its purpose as remedial legislation, this court cannot agree with petitioners’ assertion that the application of section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law is limited to criminal proceedings. (See, also, Montes v State of New York, 94 Misc 2d 972, 977 [discussing application in civil proceedings]; Matter of Cleue C., 101 Misc 2d 608 [applying statute in juvenile delinquency proceeding].) The court notes, too, that the [865]*865Committee on Public Access to Records (CPAR) (see Public Officers Law, § 89, subd 1, par [a]), interpreting the FOIL, has specifically concluded that records constituting police personnel records within the scope of section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law are exempt from disclosure under the FOIL (citing Public Officers Law, § 87, subd 2, par [a]), and can be obtained only by a court order under section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law. (Advisory Opn of Committee on Public Access to Records, Oct. 26,1978, FOIL-AO-940; see, also, Sept. 6, 1978, FOIL-AO-904.) As petitioners themselves have noted, such an opinion of the CPAR is entitled to great weight and, if not irrational or unreasonable, should be upheld. (Matter of Miracle Mile Assoc. v Yudelson, 68 AD2d 176, mot for lv to app den 48 NY2d 706; see, also, Matter of Sheehan v City of Binghamton, 59 AD2d 808.)

Turning to the first category of records sought by petitioners, it is necessary to determine whether the city respondents have met their burden of establishing that these records constitute police “personnel records, used to evaluate performance toward continued employment or promotion” within the meaning of section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law. The affidavit of the Chief of Police of the Rochester Police Department outlines and describes the purpose and significance of an internal affairs complaint against a police officer, and of the resulting investigation. By the very nature of petitioners’ request, each document relates to the alleged misconduct of a police officer. Such complaints against police personnel, and any records compiled by the Rochester Police Department in investigating them, must be viewed as personnel records within the meaning of section 50-a of the Civil Rights Law. In addition, the uncontroverted proof shows that the complaint and internal investigation file are used to determine whether a complaint warrants disciplinary proceedings against an officer. When disciplinary charges are made and a hearing held pursuant to section 75 of the Civil Service Law, the internal investigation file is the basis of the department’s case at the hearing.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP v. Civilian Complaint Review Board
53 Misc. 3d 947 (New York Supreme Court, 2016)
People v. Cintron
50 Misc. 3d 650 (Criminal Court of the City of New York, 2015)
Johnson v. Gillespie
214 A.D.2d 537 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1995)
Gannett Co. v. Riley
161 Misc. 2d 321 (New York Supreme Court, 1994)
Green v. New York City Housing Authority
186 A.D.2d 455 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1992)
Whitehead v. Morgenthau
146 Misc. 2d 806 (New York Supreme Court, 1990)
King v. Conde
121 F.R.D. 180 (E.D. New York, 1988)
Cowles Publishing Co. v. State Patrol
724 P.2d 379 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1986)
Capital Newspapers Division of Hearst Corp. v. Burns
109 A.D.2d 92 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1985)
Gannett Co. v. James
86 A.D.2d 744 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1982)
Wunsch v. City of Rochester
108 Misc. 2d 854 (New York Supreme Court, 1981)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
108 Misc. 2d 862, 438 N.Y.S.2d 901, 7 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 1294, 1981 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2304, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gannett-co-v-james-nysupct-1981.