Affirmed; Opinion Filed June 23, 2015.
In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-01140-CR No. 05-14-01141-CR
GABRIEL EDUARDO RAMIREZ, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F13-56566-V and F13-59694-V
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Chief Justice Wright, Justice Myers, and Justice Evans Opinion by Justice Evans
Gabriel Eduardo Ramirez appeals his convictions for aggravated assault and stalking. In
his sole issue, appellant contends that his guilty pleas were involuntary because he was
admonished in writing contrary to the proper range of punishment. Appellant seeks a reversal
and remand for further proceedings. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant was indicted for aggravated assault and stalking. At the hearing on July 17,
2014, the trial court advised appellant that the stalking offense was a third degree felony and
carried a penalty range of not less than two years and no more than ten years in the penitentiary
and an optional fine of $10,000. The trial court also advised appellant that the penalty range for the aggravated assault case was confinement in the penitentiary for two years and not more than
twenty years and an optional fine of $10,000. Further, the trial court informed appellant that he
was not entitled to receive regular probation in the aggravated assault case because the
indictment alleged that he had used a deadly weapon. The trial court further noted that although
appellant was eligible for deferred probation, the plea bargain agreement removed deferred
probation as an option. The court then asked if the appellant understood and appellant replied
yes. The trial court asked how the appellant pled to each of the indictments and appellant replied
guilty.
In the plea agreements dated July 17, 2014, appellant and the State agreed to waive the
jury trials and appellant entered a guilty plea for each offense. In the aggravated assault case, the
State agreed to a sentence of twenty years in the penitentiary and “TDC Time, Agreement there
is no possibility of Deferred or Probation.” In the section titled “court’s admonishment to
defendant” for the aggravated assault case, two boxes were checked: (1) 2nd Degree Felony, 2-
20 years confinement and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000 and (2) 3rd Degree Felony, 2-
10 years confinement and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000. In the stalking case, the State
agreed to a sentence of ten years in the penitentiary and “TDC Time, Agreement there is no
possibility of Deferred or Probation.” In the section titled “court’s admonishment to defendant”
for the stalking case, two boxes were checked: (1) 2nd Degree Felony, 2-20 years confinement
and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000 and (2) 3rd Degree Felony, 2-10 years confinement
and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000. It also appears as if the box for 3rd degree felony
was scratched out.
On August 14, 2014, the trial court held a sentencing hearing on both cause numbers and
sentenced appellant to twenty years in the aggravated assault case and ten years in the stalking
case. In the judgment for the aggravated assault case, the offense is listed as a “2nd degree
–2– felony” and the punishment is twenty years’ imprisonment. In the judgment for the stalking case,
the offense is listed as a “3rd degree felony” and the punishment is ten years’ imprisonment.
II. ANALYSIS
In his sole issue on appeal, appellant asserts that his guilty pleas were involuntary
because of the variance between the oral admonishments given by the judge and the court’s
written admonishments set forth in the plea papers. Appellant also argues that he was not
properly admonished by the trial court as to the range of punishment as required by the Texas
Code of Criminal Procedure. Appellant’s arguments encompass both constitutional due process
and Texas statutory requirements.
The United States Supreme Court held that a violation of constitutional due process
occurs when a trial court accepts a guilty plea without an affirmative showing “spread on the
record” that the guilty plea was voluntary. See Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 242–43
(1969). The Court in Boykin did not define what must be “spread on the record” to satisfy due
process other than to generally require that a guilty-pleading defendant have a “full
understanding” of what his plea connotes and its consequences. See Aguirre-Mata v. State, 125
S.W.3d 473, 475 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). Under Boykin, no specific admonishments are
necessary. Id. As long as the record otherwise affirmatively discloses that the defendant’s guilty
plea was adequately informed, due process is satisfied. Davison v. State, 405 S.W.3d 682, 687
(Tex. Crim. App. 2013). The voluntariness of the plea may be inferred from all the relevant
circumstances surrounding it. See Brady v. U.S., 397 U.S. 742, 749 (1970).
In this case, the record shows that appellant’s guilty plea was entered voluntarily and
with awareness of its consequences and the rights being waived. At the plea hearing on July 17,
2014, the trial court asked if the appellant had gone over each of the indictments with his
attorney and whether he understood the allegations. Appellant replied in the affirmative as to
–3– both questions. As stated above, the trial court correctly advised appellant orally as to the
penalty ranges for each of the offenses. The court also explained the consequences of the deadly
weapon charge and that the minimum sentence he could set would be two years for the
aggravated assault offense. The court then asked if the appellant understood and appellant
replied yes. The trial court asked if appellant still wanted to proceed with the pleas and appellant
responded yes. The trial court asked how the appellant pled to each of the indictments and
appellant replied guilty. During the plea hearing, appellant’s attorney also confirmed with
appellant that by entering the plea, the court was going to sentence him and that the only possible
sentence was prison time. In addition, the judicial confessions signed by appellant were entered
into evidence at the plea hearing. In these confessions, appellant acknowledged that he was
consenting to the stipulation of the evidence and expressly waiving his rights against self-
incrimination and the appearance, confrontation, and cross-examination of witnesses. Appellant
also waived his right to a trial by jury and elected for the trial judge to assess his punishment in
documents titled Waiver of Jury and Defendant’s Election as to Punishment. Based on these
facts, we conclude the record shows that appellant’s plea was voluntary.
Appellant also contends that he did not receive the admonishments required by the Texas
Code of Criminal Procedure. We disagree. Article 26.13 of the code of criminal procedure
requires that, prior to accepting a guilty plea or a plea of nolo contendere, a trial court must
admonish the defendant regarding: (1) the range of punishment for the offense; (2) certain
aspects of the law of plea-bargain agreements; (3) the effect a plea-bargain agreement may have
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Affirmed; Opinion Filed June 23, 2015.
In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-01140-CR No. 05-14-01141-CR
GABRIEL EDUARDO RAMIREZ, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F13-56566-V and F13-59694-V
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Chief Justice Wright, Justice Myers, and Justice Evans Opinion by Justice Evans
Gabriel Eduardo Ramirez appeals his convictions for aggravated assault and stalking. In
his sole issue, appellant contends that his guilty pleas were involuntary because he was
admonished in writing contrary to the proper range of punishment. Appellant seeks a reversal
and remand for further proceedings. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant was indicted for aggravated assault and stalking. At the hearing on July 17,
2014, the trial court advised appellant that the stalking offense was a third degree felony and
carried a penalty range of not less than two years and no more than ten years in the penitentiary
and an optional fine of $10,000. The trial court also advised appellant that the penalty range for the aggravated assault case was confinement in the penitentiary for two years and not more than
twenty years and an optional fine of $10,000. Further, the trial court informed appellant that he
was not entitled to receive regular probation in the aggravated assault case because the
indictment alleged that he had used a deadly weapon. The trial court further noted that although
appellant was eligible for deferred probation, the plea bargain agreement removed deferred
probation as an option. The court then asked if the appellant understood and appellant replied
yes. The trial court asked how the appellant pled to each of the indictments and appellant replied
guilty.
In the plea agreements dated July 17, 2014, appellant and the State agreed to waive the
jury trials and appellant entered a guilty plea for each offense. In the aggravated assault case, the
State agreed to a sentence of twenty years in the penitentiary and “TDC Time, Agreement there
is no possibility of Deferred or Probation.” In the section titled “court’s admonishment to
defendant” for the aggravated assault case, two boxes were checked: (1) 2nd Degree Felony, 2-
20 years confinement and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000 and (2) 3rd Degree Felony, 2-
10 years confinement and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000. In the stalking case, the State
agreed to a sentence of ten years in the penitentiary and “TDC Time, Agreement there is no
possibility of Deferred or Probation.” In the section titled “court’s admonishment to defendant”
for the stalking case, two boxes were checked: (1) 2nd Degree Felony, 2-20 years confinement
and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000 and (2) 3rd Degree Felony, 2-10 years confinement
and an optional fine not to exceed $10,000. It also appears as if the box for 3rd degree felony
was scratched out.
On August 14, 2014, the trial court held a sentencing hearing on both cause numbers and
sentenced appellant to twenty years in the aggravated assault case and ten years in the stalking
case. In the judgment for the aggravated assault case, the offense is listed as a “2nd degree
–2– felony” and the punishment is twenty years’ imprisonment. In the judgment for the stalking case,
the offense is listed as a “3rd degree felony” and the punishment is ten years’ imprisonment.
II. ANALYSIS
In his sole issue on appeal, appellant asserts that his guilty pleas were involuntary
because of the variance between the oral admonishments given by the judge and the court’s
written admonishments set forth in the plea papers. Appellant also argues that he was not
properly admonished by the trial court as to the range of punishment as required by the Texas
Code of Criminal Procedure. Appellant’s arguments encompass both constitutional due process
and Texas statutory requirements.
The United States Supreme Court held that a violation of constitutional due process
occurs when a trial court accepts a guilty plea without an affirmative showing “spread on the
record” that the guilty plea was voluntary. See Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 242–43
(1969). The Court in Boykin did not define what must be “spread on the record” to satisfy due
process other than to generally require that a guilty-pleading defendant have a “full
understanding” of what his plea connotes and its consequences. See Aguirre-Mata v. State, 125
S.W.3d 473, 475 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). Under Boykin, no specific admonishments are
necessary. Id. As long as the record otherwise affirmatively discloses that the defendant’s guilty
plea was adequately informed, due process is satisfied. Davison v. State, 405 S.W.3d 682, 687
(Tex. Crim. App. 2013). The voluntariness of the plea may be inferred from all the relevant
circumstances surrounding it. See Brady v. U.S., 397 U.S. 742, 749 (1970).
In this case, the record shows that appellant’s guilty plea was entered voluntarily and
with awareness of its consequences and the rights being waived. At the plea hearing on July 17,
2014, the trial court asked if the appellant had gone over each of the indictments with his
attorney and whether he understood the allegations. Appellant replied in the affirmative as to
–3– both questions. As stated above, the trial court correctly advised appellant orally as to the
penalty ranges for each of the offenses. The court also explained the consequences of the deadly
weapon charge and that the minimum sentence he could set would be two years for the
aggravated assault offense. The court then asked if the appellant understood and appellant
replied yes. The trial court asked if appellant still wanted to proceed with the pleas and appellant
responded yes. The trial court asked how the appellant pled to each of the indictments and
appellant replied guilty. During the plea hearing, appellant’s attorney also confirmed with
appellant that by entering the plea, the court was going to sentence him and that the only possible
sentence was prison time. In addition, the judicial confessions signed by appellant were entered
into evidence at the plea hearing. In these confessions, appellant acknowledged that he was
consenting to the stipulation of the evidence and expressly waiving his rights against self-
incrimination and the appearance, confrontation, and cross-examination of witnesses. Appellant
also waived his right to a trial by jury and elected for the trial judge to assess his punishment in
documents titled Waiver of Jury and Defendant’s Election as to Punishment. Based on these
facts, we conclude the record shows that appellant’s plea was voluntary.
Appellant also contends that he did not receive the admonishments required by the Texas
Code of Criminal Procedure. We disagree. Article 26.13 of the code of criminal procedure
requires that, prior to accepting a guilty plea or a plea of nolo contendere, a trial court must
admonish the defendant regarding: (1) the range of punishment for the offense; (2) certain
aspects of the law of plea-bargain agreements; (3) the effect a plea-bargain agreement may have
on the right to appeal; (4) the effect that a conviction might have on a non-citizen; and (5) the
registration requirements for defendants convicted of certain sex offenses. See TEX. CODE CRIM.
PROC. ANN. art. 26.13(a) (West Supp. 2014) . This admonition may be made orally or in writing.
Id. at art. 26.13(d). The failure to admonish is non-constitutional error, however, and subject to a
–4– harm analysis under Rule 44.2(b) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Aguirre-Mata
v. State, 992 S.W.2d 495, 499 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). Under Rule 44.2(b), any error that does
not affect a substantial right must be disregarded. TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b).
In this case, the only admonishment of which appellant complains is the range of
punishment. In compliance with article 26.13, the trial court orally explained the range of
punishment to appellant prior to the court’s acceptance of his guilty plea. See TEX. CODE CRIM.
PROC. ANN. art. 26.13(d)(1) (“Prior to accepting a plea of guilty or a plea of nolo contendere, the
court shall admonish the defendant of the range of the punishment attached to the offense.”).
Appellant’s complaint centers on the fact that the written admonishment in the plea agreement
differs from the oral admonishment during the plea hearing. Appellant’s argument that he was
confused about the range of punishment, however, lacks merit. The plea hearing and the
execution of the plea agreements occurred on the same date. The trial court correctly explained
the range of punishment for each offense to appellant at the hearing. Thus, despite the fact that
multiple boxes were checked in the range of punishment sections in the plea agreements,
appellant was clearly advised as to the correct range of punishment for each offense.
Further, appellant is unable to demonstrate that any harm occurred. Appellant was
correctly sentenced for each offense to term of a confinement within the correct range of
punishment. Texas courts have consistently allowed an admonishment to “substantially comply”
with the requirements of Article 26.13. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.13(c) (“In
admonishing the defendant as herein provided, substantial compliance by the court is sufficient,
unless the defendant affirmatively shows that he was not aware of the consequences of his plea
and that he was misled or harmed by the admonishment of the court.”); Robinson v. State, 739
S.W.2d 795, 801 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) (punishment admonishment which incorrectly
described punishment range as two through ten years’ imprisonment rather than two through
–5– twelve years substantially complied with statute where actual sentence assessed on conviction
was six years, well within the actual and stated maximum for the offense); Eatmon v. State, 768
S.W.2d 310, 311–12 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989) (en banc). The burden then shifts to the defendant
to show that he entered the plea without understanding the consequences of his action and was
harmed. Id. Here, appellant has not alleged or proven that he would not have entered guilty
pleas for the two offenses had he been correctly admonished in writing. Therefore, appellant has
not shown that he was misled or harmed by the written admonishment.
III. CONCLUSION
We resolve appellant’s issue against him and affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/ David Evans/ DAVID EVANS JUSTICE
Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47 141140F.U05
–6– Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
GABRIEL EDUARDO RAMIREZ, On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F13-56566-V. Nos. 05-14-01140-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Evans. Chief Justice Wright and Justice Myers THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 23rd day of June, 2015.
–7– Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
GABRIEL EDUARDO RAMIREZ, On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F13-59694-V. No. 05-14-01141-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Evans. Chief Justice Wright and Justice Myers THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
–8–