OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE COLINS
Marvin Fulton (Petitioner) petitions,
pro se,
for review of an order of the State Board of Barber Examiners (Board) under the Barber License Law
denying reinstatement of his barber manager license. For the reasons set forth below, we reverse and remand this matter to the Board for further proceedings.
Petitioner was licensed by the Board as a barber in 1985 and as a barber manager in 1992. (Certified Record Item (R. Item) 7, 2016 Board Order Adopting Hearing Examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order (2016 Board Order), Findings of Fact (F.F.) ¶¶ 1-2.) In 2002, the Board placed Petitioner’s barber manager license on probation as the result of a 1996 federal drug conviction.
(Id.
F.F. ¶ 3.) That period of probation expired prior to the events at issue in this appeal. (R. Item 3, Hearing Transcript (H.T.) at 24.) In 2003, the Board issued Petitioner a barber shop license. (R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. ¶ 4.)
In 2009, Petitioner was convicted in the Court of Common Pleas of York County of two felonies and one misdemeanor, possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver, delivery of a controlled substance, and possession of a controlled substance in violation of Sections 13(a)(30) and
(32) of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act,
and was sentenced to seven to twenty years in prison. (R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. ¶¶ 9-10.) These convictions arose out of a salé and seizure- of cocaine in August 2008. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, 2010 Board Order Adopting Hearing Examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order (2010 Board Order), F.F. ¶¶ 10-11, 14.) On December 30, 2010, the Board revoked Petitioner’s barber manager license, barber license and barber shop license based on those convictions.
(R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. 1f 12; R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, 2010 Board Order.)
Petitioner was paroled on September 16, 2015. (R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. ¶ 14.) On January 31, 2016, Petitioner filed a Reinstatement Application for Professional Licensure by Examination with the Board seeking to take the barber manager examination and obtain reinstatement of his barber manager license.
(Id.,
F.F.1Í 18; R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, Petitioner’s Reinstatement Application.) In this application, Petitioner disclosed his convictions and the revocation of his licenses. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1,' Petitioner’s Reinstatement Application.) On April 28, 2016, the Board ordered that Petitioner’s reinstatement application be treated as a petition for reinstatement of his barber manager license and delegated it to a hearing examiner.
At the hearing on June 17, 2016, Petitioner, who was 58 years old, testified that since his release from prison, he has been employed by a church doing maintenance and custodial work and that he lives with and helps care for his mother, who has diabetes. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 17-19, 40-41, 44.) Petitioner admitted that he had used cocaine in the past and that -he committed the drug crimes for which he was convicted.
(Id.
at 19-20, 23-24, 46.) Petitioner introduced documents showing his successful completion of an alcohol and drug abuse program and other programs in prison and testified that he is subject to alcohol and drug testing on his parole, has passed all alcohol and drug tests, and is current on all fines that he has been ordered to pay.
(Id.
at 20-23, 26-39, 46; R. Item 3, Applicant Ex. 1.) Petitioner testified that he did not have definite plans as to where he would work as a barber, but that if’ he was licensed, he intended to work temporarily for another barber and ultimately open his own barbershop and that he wanted to get his license because barbering is “what I do.” (R. Item 3, H.T. at 37-39, 43-44.)
The Board’s 2010 Order revoking Petitioner’s licenses and records of the charges of which Petitioner was convicted in 2009 were also introduced in evidence. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 12-15.) The records of the criminal charges showed that cocaine was found at the address at which Petitioner resided. (R. Item .-3, Board Ex. 1, Police Criminal Complaints.) That address was the same building where: Petitioner’s barbershop was located, but Petitioner testified that he resided in a separate apartment upstairs from the barbershop and that the search that found the cocaine was a search of his apartment, not the barbershop, and he denied that any drug activity occurred in the barbershop. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 18-20, 38,
48.) The documentary evidence introduced at the hearing concerning the criminal convictions did not reference a barbershop or business and simply stated the address, without any indication whether the location where the cocaine was found was the barbershop or Petitioner’s residence. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, Police Criminal Complaints.) There was no other evidence introduced at the hearing concerning the location of the sale of cocaine for which Petitioner was convicted and no evidence was introduced that Petitioner ever sold cocaine from the barbershop.
On October 20, 2016, the hearing examiner issued a Proposed Adjudication and Order setting'forth findings of fact and concluding that the Petitioner should not be able to obtain a barber license. In his Proposed Adjudication and Order, the hearing examiner found credible Petitioner’s testimony concerning his work since his release from prison, his care for his mother and his compliance with the conditions of his releáse from prison. (R. Item 4, Hearing Examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order, F.F. ¶ 15
&
Discussion at 13.) The hearing examiner, however, concluded that Petitioner’s drug convictions showed unfitness to practice barbering, stating that the 2009 convictions involved cocaine found on “the premises of Petitioner’s barber shop” and that “[tjhere is no dispute that Petitioner’s convictions were based, at least in part, on conduct that occurred in his barber shop.”
(Id.,
F.F. ¶ 11 & Discussion at 11.) Given those determinations, the hearing examiner concluded that Petitioner was required to show that he was rehabilitated and found that Petitioner had shown insufficient evidence of community and religious activities and participation in drug and alcohol programs outside of prison to establish that he had made “substantial personal progress in rehabilitation” and overcome the fact that he had twice engaged in drug trafficking.
(Id.,
F.F. ¶ 17 & Discussion at 13.) On December 23, 2016, the Board issued its Final Adjudication and Order in this matter adopting the hearing examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order as its final order and denying Petitioner’s application for reinstatement of licensure as a barber. This appeal followed. .
Our review is limited to determining whether the Board’s necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether the Board committed an error of law or constitutional violation.
Kirkpatrick v. Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, State Board of Barber Examiners,
117 A.3d 1286, 1289 n.8 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015).
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OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE COLINS
Marvin Fulton (Petitioner) petitions,
pro se,
for review of an order of the State Board of Barber Examiners (Board) under the Barber License Law
denying reinstatement of his barber manager license. For the reasons set forth below, we reverse and remand this matter to the Board for further proceedings.
Petitioner was licensed by the Board as a barber in 1985 and as a barber manager in 1992. (Certified Record Item (R. Item) 7, 2016 Board Order Adopting Hearing Examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order (2016 Board Order), Findings of Fact (F.F.) ¶¶ 1-2.) In 2002, the Board placed Petitioner’s barber manager license on probation as the result of a 1996 federal drug conviction.
(Id.
F.F. ¶ 3.) That period of probation expired prior to the events at issue in this appeal. (R. Item 3, Hearing Transcript (H.T.) at 24.) In 2003, the Board issued Petitioner a barber shop license. (R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. ¶ 4.)
In 2009, Petitioner was convicted in the Court of Common Pleas of York County of two felonies and one misdemeanor, possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver, delivery of a controlled substance, and possession of a controlled substance in violation of Sections 13(a)(30) and
(32) of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act,
and was sentenced to seven to twenty years in prison. (R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. ¶¶ 9-10.) These convictions arose out of a salé and seizure- of cocaine in August 2008. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, 2010 Board Order Adopting Hearing Examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order (2010 Board Order), F.F. ¶¶ 10-11, 14.) On December 30, 2010, the Board revoked Petitioner’s barber manager license, barber license and barber shop license based on those convictions.
(R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. 1f 12; R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, 2010 Board Order.)
Petitioner was paroled on September 16, 2015. (R. Item 7, 2016 Board Order, F.F. ¶ 14.) On January 31, 2016, Petitioner filed a Reinstatement Application for Professional Licensure by Examination with the Board seeking to take the barber manager examination and obtain reinstatement of his barber manager license.
(Id.,
F.F.1Í 18; R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, Petitioner’s Reinstatement Application.) In this application, Petitioner disclosed his convictions and the revocation of his licenses. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1,' Petitioner’s Reinstatement Application.) On April 28, 2016, the Board ordered that Petitioner’s reinstatement application be treated as a petition for reinstatement of his barber manager license and delegated it to a hearing examiner.
At the hearing on June 17, 2016, Petitioner, who was 58 years old, testified that since his release from prison, he has been employed by a church doing maintenance and custodial work and that he lives with and helps care for his mother, who has diabetes. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 17-19, 40-41, 44.) Petitioner admitted that he had used cocaine in the past and that -he committed the drug crimes for which he was convicted.
(Id.
at 19-20, 23-24, 46.) Petitioner introduced documents showing his successful completion of an alcohol and drug abuse program and other programs in prison and testified that he is subject to alcohol and drug testing on his parole, has passed all alcohol and drug tests, and is current on all fines that he has been ordered to pay.
(Id.
at 20-23, 26-39, 46; R. Item 3, Applicant Ex. 1.) Petitioner testified that he did not have definite plans as to where he would work as a barber, but that if’ he was licensed, he intended to work temporarily for another barber and ultimately open his own barbershop and that he wanted to get his license because barbering is “what I do.” (R. Item 3, H.T. at 37-39, 43-44.)
The Board’s 2010 Order revoking Petitioner’s licenses and records of the charges of which Petitioner was convicted in 2009 were also introduced in evidence. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 12-15.) The records of the criminal charges showed that cocaine was found at the address at which Petitioner resided. (R. Item .-3, Board Ex. 1, Police Criminal Complaints.) That address was the same building where: Petitioner’s barbershop was located, but Petitioner testified that he resided in a separate apartment upstairs from the barbershop and that the search that found the cocaine was a search of his apartment, not the barbershop, and he denied that any drug activity occurred in the barbershop. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 18-20, 38,
48.) The documentary evidence introduced at the hearing concerning the criminal convictions did not reference a barbershop or business and simply stated the address, without any indication whether the location where the cocaine was found was the barbershop or Petitioner’s residence. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, Police Criminal Complaints.) There was no other evidence introduced at the hearing concerning the location of the sale of cocaine for which Petitioner was convicted and no evidence was introduced that Petitioner ever sold cocaine from the barbershop.
On October 20, 2016, the hearing examiner issued a Proposed Adjudication and Order setting'forth findings of fact and concluding that the Petitioner should not be able to obtain a barber license. In his Proposed Adjudication and Order, the hearing examiner found credible Petitioner’s testimony concerning his work since his release from prison, his care for his mother and his compliance with the conditions of his releáse from prison. (R. Item 4, Hearing Examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order, F.F. ¶ 15
&
Discussion at 13.) The hearing examiner, however, concluded that Petitioner’s drug convictions showed unfitness to practice barbering, stating that the 2009 convictions involved cocaine found on “the premises of Petitioner’s barber shop” and that “[tjhere is no dispute that Petitioner’s convictions were based, at least in part, on conduct that occurred in his barber shop.”
(Id.,
F.F. ¶ 11 & Discussion at 11.) Given those determinations, the hearing examiner concluded that Petitioner was required to show that he was rehabilitated and found that Petitioner had shown insufficient evidence of community and religious activities and participation in drug and alcohol programs outside of prison to establish that he had made “substantial personal progress in rehabilitation” and overcome the fact that he had twice engaged in drug trafficking.
(Id.,
F.F. ¶ 17 & Discussion at 13.) On December 23, 2016, the Board issued its Final Adjudication and Order in this matter adopting the hearing examiner’s Proposed Adjudication and Order as its final order and denying Petitioner’s application for reinstatement of licensure as a barber. This appeal followed. .
Our review is limited to determining whether the Board’s necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether the Board committed an error of law or constitutional violation.
Kirkpatrick v. Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, State Board of Barber Examiners,
117 A.3d 1286, 1289 n.8 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015). Petitioner argues that the Board’s finding that his drug convictions were related to his barbershop is not supported by the evidence before it. We agree.
. The only evidence connecting Petitioner’s convictions to his barbershop or work as a barber were charging documents stating that cocaine was found at an address that contained two separate premises, Petitioner’s barbershop and Petitioner’s residence. Nothing in the record showed that cocaine was found in the barbershop. To the contrary, the documents from the criminal case merely stated the address and also state that the same address is the address at which Petitioner “lives.” (R, Item 3, Board Ex. 1, Police Criminal Complaints.) The Board’s records show that the address referenced in the criminal records included both the barbershop address and Petitioner’s residence address. (R. Item 3, Board Ex. 1, 2010 Board Order, F.F. ¶¶ 5, 9.) Petitioner testified that his residence was separate from the barbershop. (R. Item 3, H.T. at 18, 48.) Moreover, the Barber License Law required that his residence be distinct and separate from his barber shop.
See
Section 10 of the Barber License Law, 63 P.S. § 560 (prohibiting use of a barber shop as sleeping quarters or for residential purposes). Given Petitioner’s uncontra-dicted testimony that the drugs were found in his residence (R. Item 3, H.T. at 19-20, 48) and the complete absence of any other evidence as to which of the separate premises was involved or that both were involved, the Board’s conclusion that Petitioner’s drug activity occurred at or involved his barbershop is not supported by substantial evidence in the record.
See U.S. National Bank Association v. United Hands Community Land Trust,
129 A.3d 627, 632-37 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015) (evidence supporting only suspicion or conjecture does not constitute substantial evidence);
Barnes v. Department of Justice,
70 Pa.Cmwlth. 47, 452 A.2d 593, 595 (1982) (same).
Absent a valid finding that Petitioner’s 1996 or 2009 convictions were related to his barbershop or barbering work, the Board’s refusal to permit Petitioner to take the barber manager examination and seek licensure cannot stand. The Board’s decision was based on those convictions and the conclusion that the 2009 convictions were connected to Petitioner’s barbershop; it denied his petition because it found that those convictions showed unfitness to practice barbering and that Petitioner had not shown that he was sufficiently rehabilitated to permit him to obtain a barber’s license in light of those convictions.
Two statutes govern whether reinstatement of a barber’s license may be denied or revoked based on a criminal conviction unrelated to the license, the Barber License Law and Section 9124 of the Criminal History Record Information Act (CHRIA), 18 Pa. C.S. § 9124. The interpretation of these statutes is a question of law over which this Court exercises
de novo
review.
Kirkpatrick,
117 A.3d at 1290. We conclude that neither of these statutes permits the Board to deny an application for licensure as a barber or reinstatement of a revoked barber’s license based on a criminal conviction without any evidence that the conviction relates to or is based on conduct that has some effect on the applicant’s work as a barber or use of his barber license.
The Barber License Law does not provide for denial of licensure or revocation of a license for criminal activity unrelated to the practice of barbering. Sections
3 and 9 of the Barber License Law, 63 P.S. §§ 653, 559; ■
Kirkpatrick,
117 A.3d at 1289-94. The Barber License Law requires only that applicants be at least 16 years old, have at least an eighth grade education, have a specified amount of barber training and experience, and pass the applicable barber examinations and does not require that applicants demonstrate that they are of good moral character or restrict licensure based on prior criminal convictions. 63 P.S. § 553(a), (c).
This statutory language stands in sharp contrast to licensure statutes for other professions, which impose specific requirements that the applicant be of good moral character or permit the denial of licensure based on criminal convictions.
Indeed, consistent
with the absence in the Barber License Law of character and criminal history restrictions, the Department of Corrections (DOC) has established a barber and barber manager training program for inmates serving substantial prison sentences to allow such inmates to learn the vocational skill of barbering and obtain a license to practice that vocation. DOC Administrative Directive 807 §§ 1(B), 2.
Section 9 of the Barber License Law, governing suspension, revocation and reinstatement of barber licenses, permits revocation or suspension only for conduct related to the licensee’s practice of barbering. 63 P.S. § 559(a);
Kirkpatrick,
117
A.3d at 1289-94. While the grounds for suspension or revocation include “engaging] in unethical or dishonest practice or conduct,” 63 P.S. § 559(a)(5), this Court held in
Kirkpatrick
that the unethical or dishonest practice or conduct must relate to the practice of barbering to be grounds for suspension or revocation and that a criminal conviction unrelated to the licensee’s work as a barber is not grounds for discipline under the Barber License Law. 117 A.3d at 1289-94. Section 9 further provides that a barber whose license has been suspended “may, on application, have the same reissued to him or her upon satisfactory showing that the disqualification has ceased,” but that the Board “shall not reinstate the license of a person to practice as a barber which has been revoked and such person shall be required to apply for a license after a five-year period in accordance with section 3 [63 P.S. § 553] if he desires to practice at any time after such revocation.” 63 P.S. § 559(a), (b).
Unlike the Barber License Law, Section 9124(c) of CHRIA permits a licensing board to revoke or suspend a professional license on the ground that the licensee has been convicted of a felony, with no requirement that the crime relate to the profession in question. 18 Pa. C.S. § 9124(c)(1).
The power to revoke a professional license under CHRIA is in addition to the authority of a licensing board to take disciplinary action under its own licensing statute and conviction of a felony is therefore a sufficient ground for license revocation, even where the felony does not fall within the grounds for disciplinary action under the licensing statute in question.
Cannizzaro v. Department of State, Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs,
129 Pa.Cmwlth. 39, 564 A.2d 564, 566-67 (1989), Section 9124(b)(5) of CHRIA, however, prohibits .licensing agencies from using “[c]onvictions which do not relate to the applicant’s suitability for the license, certificate, registration or permit” in the “consideration of an .application for a license, certificate, registration or permit.” 18 Pa. C.S. § 9124(b)(5). Section 9124(b)(5) of CHRIA applies only to applications for licensure and does not restrict a licensing board’s power to suspend’ or revoke a professional license.
Gangewere v. State Architects Licensure Board,
98 Pa.Cmwlth. 613, 512 A.2d 1301, 1305-06 (1986).
Here, the issue before the Board was Petitioner’s application for reinstatement, not the Board’s authority to revoke a license. Because the Board revoked Petitioner’s barber licenses in 2010, he was required to satisfy the qualifications of an initial applicant to obtain a barber license. 63 P.S. § 559(b). Petitioner’s application for reinstatement was therefore an application for a license. Given the absence of any requirements or prohibitions in the Barber License Law concerning moral character, criminal convictions or conduct
unrelated to bartering, a criminal conviction does “not relate to the applicant’s suitability for” a barber license unless it involved or was based on conduct connected to the applicant’s bartering practice or bartering activities. Section 9124 of CHRIA therefore does not permit the denial of Petitioner’s application for reinstatement based on Petitioner’s history of criminal convictions or a failure to show sufficient rehabilitation unless there is a showing that either the 1996 or 2009 convictions were related to Petitioner’s barbershop or bartering work.
The Board argues that drug convictions should be grounds for denial of reinstatement, regardless of their relationship to the applicant’s work as a barber, because barbershops are neighborhood or community gathering places. This argument does not alter our analysis for two reasons.
First, this argument is inconsistent with the statutory language of the Barber License Law. As is discussed above, in contrast to other professional licensure statutes, the legislature in the Barber License Law did not include character or criminal convictions as factors relevant to licensure and limited the misconduct for which a license could be suspended or revoked to conduct involving bartering work. 63 P.S. §§ 653, 559;
Kirkpatrick,
117 A.3d at 1289-94. If the legislature had viewed drug convictions as inherently relevant to barbering, it could have provided that such convictions are grounds for denial of a license, as it did in the Professional Nursing Law, the Pharmacy Act, and the Medical Practice Act of 1985.
See
63 P.S. § 216(c); 63 P.S. § 390-3(a)(6); 63 P.S. § 422.22(b).
Second, unlike the professions of nursing, pharmacy and medicine, where the legislature chose to make drug convictions disqualifying, bartering involves no access to restricted substances. The possibility of drug sales through a barbershop and of adverse effect on the community invoked by the Board arises from the fact that a barbershop is a commercial establishment, not from the nature of bartering as a licensed profession, and would be equally present in other commercial establishments, such as corner grocery or convenience stores, that are not subject to professional licensure requirements.
In sum, the Board’s finding that Petitioner’s 2009 drug convictions were related to his barbershop is not supported by substantial evidence and absent a connection to Petitioner’s practice of bartering, such criminal convictions are not grounds for denial of a barber license. Accordingly, we reverse the order of the Board. Because the scope of the hearing and evidence introduced may have been affected by the erroneous assumption that a connection between Petitioner’s convictions and his work as a barber was not required, we remand this matter to the Board for further proceedings at which additional evidence concerning the location of the drug activity on which the 2009 convictions were based may be introduced by the Board or the Petitioner. Absent introduction of further evidence and a finding based on such evidence that the 2009 convictions were connected to Petitioner’s barbershop or bartering work, the Board shall permit Petitioner to apply for licensure and obtain a barber’s license or barber manager’s license if he satisfies the requirements of Section 3 of the Barber License Law.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 12th day of September, 2017, the order of the State Board of Barber Examiners in the above matter is REVERSED. This matter is REMANDED to the State Board of Barber Examiners for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Jurisdiction relinquished.