Frith v. Riverwood, Inc.

892 So. 2d 7, 2005 La. LEXIS 129, 2005 WL 106491
CourtSupreme Court of Louisiana
DecidedJanuary 19, 2005
Docket2004-C-1086
StatusPublished
Cited by54 cases

This text of 892 So. 2d 7 (Frith v. Riverwood, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Frith v. Riverwood, Inc., 892 So. 2d 7, 2005 La. LEXIS 129, 2005 WL 106491 (La. 2005).

Opinion

892 So.2d 7 (2005)

Linda FRITH
v.
RIVERWOOD, INC.

No. 2004-C-1086.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

January 19, 2005.

*9 Marcus Miller Zimmerman, counsel for Applicant.

Juge, Napolitano, Guilbeau, Ruli, Frieman & Whiteley, Lawrence Bernard Frieman, Metairie, counsel for Respondent.

CALOGERO, Chief Justice.

We granted certiorari in this workers' compensation case primarily to resolve a split in Louisiana's circuit courts of appeal concerning the applicability of the 1990 amendments to La.Rev.Stat. 23:1223 to claims for indemnity benefits arising from work-related accidents that occurred prior to the effective date of the amendments. The amendment in question established a credit against an employer's maximum 520-week obligation to pay an injured employee supplemental earnings benefits ("SEB") established by La.Rev.Stat. 23:1221(3), when that employer has previously paid the employee permanent total disability benefits ("PTD"), temporary total disability benefits ("TTD"), or permanent partial disability benefits ("PPD"). For the reasons explained below, we agree with the finding of the workers' compensation judge ("WCJ") that the amendments do not apply to claims for benefits arising out of work-related accidents that occurred prior to the effective date of the amendment. We therefore reverse the judgment of the court of appeal, which found that the 1990 amendments do apply to claims for SEB coming due after the effective date of the amendment.

We will also consider the plaintiff's claim that the court of appeal improperly reversed the $7,500 attorney fee award against the employer granted by the WCJ, which found that the employer's decision to terminate plaintiff's indemnity benefits was arbitrary and capricious. Because we find no manifest error in the finding of the WCJ to that effect, we reverse the court of appeal judgment and reinstate the $7,500 attorney fees awarded by the WCJ. We further amend the judgment to award Ms. Frith $3,000 attorney fees for work performed in two appellate courts.

Finally, we will address the plaintiff's claim that the lower courts improperly found that she had failed to carry her burden of proving that she was entitled to PTD. Because we agree with the finding of the lower courts that plaintiff failed to carry her burden on this issue, we affirm the lower court judgments denying her claims for PTD.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On March 17, 1989, plaintiff, Linda Frith, suffered a back injury in the course *10 and scope of her employment as a forklift operator with defendant, Riverwood, Inc. At the time of the accident, Ms. Frith was lifting a large roll of paper with a "tow motor," which is similar to a forklift, except it uses a c-clamp, rather than forks, to lift materials. Ms. Frith's injury occurred when the tow motor struck a hole in the floor of Riverwood's work facility. Although Ms. Frith initially was unable to work, she testified that she did try to return to her job at Riverwood several times during the year following the accident, but eventually had to stop working. The record indicates that Ms. Frith never sought other employment, nor did Riverwood offer to find her other employment. In the years following the accident, Ms. Frith was diagnosed with fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, allegedly caused by the accident.

Commencing shortly after her work accident, Riverwood paid Ms. Frith weekly indemnity benefits of $267 for a total of 535 weeks, through July 17, 2000. Although the parties admit that some of those benefits were SEB, the majority were apparently TTD. According to the record, the only attempt Riverwood made to offer Ms. Frith vocational rehabilitation occurred around 1993, when it paid to send Ms. Frith to paralegal school in Oklahoma. However, Ms. Frith testified that she eventually had to discontinue her classes because her physical disabilities make it impossible for her to meet the course requirements. In 1999, Ms. Frith underwent both a cervical fusion to her neck and a lumbar fusion to her lower back required by the accident.

On June 30, 2000, Ms. Frith's neurosurgeon who performed the surgeries in 1999, Dr. James Rodgers, sent Riverwood a letter indicating that Ms. Frith had "significant permanent restrictions as far as work activities," but opining that Ms. Frith "could resume some form of work activity if these restrictions are met." Dr. Rodgers warned however that "any employer that hires her would be at risk for more problems in her low back, or with her neck." Nevertheless, Riverwood terminated Ms. Frith's benefits two weeks after Dr. Rodgers wrote the letter, on July 17, 2000, without offering Ms. Frith any additional vocational rehabilitation or otherwise evaluating her ability to find employment.

On August 30, 2000, Ms. Frith filed a claim disputing the termination of her benefits. Ms. Frith testified at a December 16, 2002, hearing, that she is unable to work, both because of her physical disabilities and because of her inability to concentrate, the latter problem caused, she contends, by medication she takes for her physical disabilities. Ms. Frith stated that she would like to return to work, if she were physically able, but that she cannot work because she is not physically able to do so. Following the hearing, the WCJ made the following findings:

1. That Ms. Frith failed to meet her burden of proving entitlement either to PTD or to TTD;

2. That Ms. Frith met her burden of proving entitlement to SEB in the amount of $267 per week commencing on July 17, 2000, and continuing in accordance with law;

3. That Riverwood was not entitled to a credit against its SEB obligation for the TTD benefts it had paid Ms. Frith;

4. That Ms. Frith had received SEB for 52 weeks from April 1998 to May 1999, and for 24 weeks from April 10, 2000, through July 17, 2000;

5. That medical treatment rendered to Ms. Frith by Dr. Manuel Calvin was compensable, except treatment solely related *11 to inflammatory arthritis, high cholesterol, and colitis;

6. That Riverwood was entitled to a credit for medical benefits paid, pursuant to La.Rev.Stat. 23:1212;

7. That Ms. Frith met her burden of proving that Riverwood was arbitrary and capricious for terminating her disability benefits, for which Ms. Frith was awarded $7,500 attorney fees;

8. That Riverwood must provide prompt rehabilitation services in accordance with applicable law at the time of the accident, and that Ms. Frith must fully cooperate with the rehabilitation effort; and

9. That Riverwood must pay legal/judicial interest and court costs consisting of the deposition cost of Helen Duke.

On appeal, a three-judge panel of the court of appeal reversed the WCJ's finding that Riverwood was not entitled to a credit against its SEB obligation for the TTD benefits it paid Ms. Frith after January 1, 1990, the effective date of the 1990 amendments to La.Rev.Stat. 23:1223, with one judge dissenting. Frith v. Riverwood, Inc., XXXX-XXXX (La.App. 1 Cir. 4/2/04), 878 So.2d 595 (Pettigrew, J., dissenting). The court of appeal also reversed the WCJ's finding that Ms.

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892 So. 2d 7, 2005 La. LEXIS 129, 2005 WL 106491, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/frith-v-riverwood-inc-la-2005.