Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
THOMAS C. ALLEN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
BRIAN REITZ Deputy Attorney General
FILED Indianapolis, Indiana
Apr 11 2012, 9:24 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
FOSTER MOWREY, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 02A03-1108-CR-406 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable John F. Surbeck, Jr., Judge Cause No. 02D06-1102-FD-158
April 11, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
KIRSCH, Judge Foster Mowrey (“Mowrey”) pleaded guilty to one count of battery1 as a Class D
felony and one count of possession of marijuana2 as a Class A misdemeanor and was
sentenced to an aggregate term of two years executed in the Department of Correction.
He appeals, raising the following restated issue: whether the trial court erred in
sentencing him.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On January 27, 2011, Mowrey was incarcerated in the Allen County Jail as a result
of theft and criminal trespass charges. Another inmate, who was sharing a cell with
Mowrey, informed a correctional officer that Mowrey had drugs on his person. Based on
this information, the correctional officer entered Mowrey‟s cell, bringing six other
officers due to Mowrey‟s past disciplinary problems. While the officers searched the
room and the inmates, Mowrey became aggressive. During the search, the officers
found, near the toilet area of the cell, a blue latex glove that had been tied up into the
shape of a little baggie that appeared to have been ripped open. The officers found
nothing on any of the other inmates in the cell. The officers then attempted to transport
Mowrey to another area to do a strip search, and he kicked a correctional officer in the
chin. The officers then searched Mowrey, and during the search, a small, blue latex
baggie, containing what was later determined to be two grams of marijuana, fell out of
Mowrey‟s buttocks area. 1 See Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1(a)(2). 2 See Ind. Code § 35-48-4-11.
2 The State charged Mowrey with battery as a Class D felony and possession of
marijuana as a Class A misdemeanor. On June 9, 2011, he pleaded guilty as charged.
During the course of his sentencing hearing, Mowrey attempted to orally withdraw his
guilty plea, and the trial court denied such request. The trial court sentenced him to two
years for Class D felony battery and one year for Class A misdemeanor possession of
marijuana and ordered the sentences to run concurrently with each other for an aggregate
sentence of two years executed. Mowrey now appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Trial courts are required to enter sentencing statements whenever imposing
sentence for a felony offense. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007),
clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). The statement must include a reasonably
detailed recitation of the trial court‟s reasons for imposing a particular sentence. Id. If
the recitation includes a finding of aggravating or mitigating circumstances, then the
statement must identify all significant mitigating and aggravating circumstances and
explain why each circumstance has been determined to be mitigating or aggravating. Id.
Sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion of the trial court and are reviewed
on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion occurs if the
decision is “clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the
court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom.” Id.
A trial court may abuse its discretion by entering a sentencing statement that omits
mitigating factors that are clearly supported by the record and advanced for
consideration. Id. at 490-91. Because the trial court no longer has any obligation to
3 “weigh” aggravating and mitigating factors against each other when imposing a sentence,
a trial court cannot now be said to have abused its discretion in failing to “properly
weigh” such factors. Id. at 491. Once the trial court has entered a sentencing statement,
which may or may not include the existence of aggravating and mitigating factors, it may
then “impose any sentence that is . . . authorized by statute; and . . . permissible under the
Constitution of the State of Indiana.” Ind. Code § 35-38-1-7.1(d).
Although Mowrey states that he is arguing that his sentence was inappropriate, it
actually appears that he is contending that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to
find certain mitigating factors. Specifically, Mowrey claims that the trial court should
have found his difficult childhood to be a mitigating factor because he suffered abuse
during childhood. He further argues that the trial court should have found his guilty plea
to be a mitigating factor since it alleviated the State‟s need to further prepare for trial.
The finding of mitigating factors is not mandatory and rests within the discretion
of the trial court. Storey v. State, 875 N.E.2d 243, 252 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (citing
O’Neill v. State, 719 N.E.2d 1243, 1244 (Ind. 1999)), trans. denied (2008). The trial
court is not obligated to accept the defendant‟s arguments as to what constitutes a
mitigating factor. Id. (citing Gross v. State, 769 N.E.2d 1136, 1140 (Ind. 2002)).
“However, the trial court may „not ignore facts in the record that would mitigate an
offense, and a failure to find mitigating circumstances that are clearly supported by the
record may imply that the trial court failed to properly consider them.‟” Id. (quoting
Sherwood v. State, 749 N.E.2d 36, 38 (Ind. 2001)).
Our Supreme Court has “consistently held that evidence of a difficult childhood
4 warrants little, if any, mitigating weight.” Coleman v. State, 741 N.E.2d 697, 700 (Ind.
2000). In his pre-sentence investigation report, Mowrey stated that, although he suffered
some abuse in his childhood, he had a fair childhood and maintained a fair relationship
with his family. At sentencing, the only evidence of Mowrey‟s difficult childhood was
his attorney‟s argument that “[h]is parents really contributed nothing to his upbringing”
and that had “a lot to do with all of [his] convictions.” Sent. Tr. at 6. We do not believe
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Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
THOMAS C. ALLEN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
BRIAN REITZ Deputy Attorney General
FILED Indianapolis, Indiana
Apr 11 2012, 9:24 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
FOSTER MOWREY, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 02A03-1108-CR-406 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable John F. Surbeck, Jr., Judge Cause No. 02D06-1102-FD-158
April 11, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
KIRSCH, Judge Foster Mowrey (“Mowrey”) pleaded guilty to one count of battery1 as a Class D
felony and one count of possession of marijuana2 as a Class A misdemeanor and was
sentenced to an aggregate term of two years executed in the Department of Correction.
He appeals, raising the following restated issue: whether the trial court erred in
sentencing him.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On January 27, 2011, Mowrey was incarcerated in the Allen County Jail as a result
of theft and criminal trespass charges. Another inmate, who was sharing a cell with
Mowrey, informed a correctional officer that Mowrey had drugs on his person. Based on
this information, the correctional officer entered Mowrey‟s cell, bringing six other
officers due to Mowrey‟s past disciplinary problems. While the officers searched the
room and the inmates, Mowrey became aggressive. During the search, the officers
found, near the toilet area of the cell, a blue latex glove that had been tied up into the
shape of a little baggie that appeared to have been ripped open. The officers found
nothing on any of the other inmates in the cell. The officers then attempted to transport
Mowrey to another area to do a strip search, and he kicked a correctional officer in the
chin. The officers then searched Mowrey, and during the search, a small, blue latex
baggie, containing what was later determined to be two grams of marijuana, fell out of
Mowrey‟s buttocks area. 1 See Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1(a)(2). 2 See Ind. Code § 35-48-4-11.
2 The State charged Mowrey with battery as a Class D felony and possession of
marijuana as a Class A misdemeanor. On June 9, 2011, he pleaded guilty as charged.
During the course of his sentencing hearing, Mowrey attempted to orally withdraw his
guilty plea, and the trial court denied such request. The trial court sentenced him to two
years for Class D felony battery and one year for Class A misdemeanor possession of
marijuana and ordered the sentences to run concurrently with each other for an aggregate
sentence of two years executed. Mowrey now appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Trial courts are required to enter sentencing statements whenever imposing
sentence for a felony offense. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007),
clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). The statement must include a reasonably
detailed recitation of the trial court‟s reasons for imposing a particular sentence. Id. If
the recitation includes a finding of aggravating or mitigating circumstances, then the
statement must identify all significant mitigating and aggravating circumstances and
explain why each circumstance has been determined to be mitigating or aggravating. Id.
Sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion of the trial court and are reviewed
on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion occurs if the
decision is “clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the
court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom.” Id.
A trial court may abuse its discretion by entering a sentencing statement that omits
mitigating factors that are clearly supported by the record and advanced for
consideration. Id. at 490-91. Because the trial court no longer has any obligation to
3 “weigh” aggravating and mitigating factors against each other when imposing a sentence,
a trial court cannot now be said to have abused its discretion in failing to “properly
weigh” such factors. Id. at 491. Once the trial court has entered a sentencing statement,
which may or may not include the existence of aggravating and mitigating factors, it may
then “impose any sentence that is . . . authorized by statute; and . . . permissible under the
Constitution of the State of Indiana.” Ind. Code § 35-38-1-7.1(d).
Although Mowrey states that he is arguing that his sentence was inappropriate, it
actually appears that he is contending that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to
find certain mitigating factors. Specifically, Mowrey claims that the trial court should
have found his difficult childhood to be a mitigating factor because he suffered abuse
during childhood. He further argues that the trial court should have found his guilty plea
to be a mitigating factor since it alleviated the State‟s need to further prepare for trial.
The finding of mitigating factors is not mandatory and rests within the discretion
of the trial court. Storey v. State, 875 N.E.2d 243, 252 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (citing
O’Neill v. State, 719 N.E.2d 1243, 1244 (Ind. 1999)), trans. denied (2008). The trial
court is not obligated to accept the defendant‟s arguments as to what constitutes a
mitigating factor. Id. (citing Gross v. State, 769 N.E.2d 1136, 1140 (Ind. 2002)).
“However, the trial court may „not ignore facts in the record that would mitigate an
offense, and a failure to find mitigating circumstances that are clearly supported by the
record may imply that the trial court failed to properly consider them.‟” Id. (quoting
Sherwood v. State, 749 N.E.2d 36, 38 (Ind. 2001)).
Our Supreme Court has “consistently held that evidence of a difficult childhood
4 warrants little, if any, mitigating weight.” Coleman v. State, 741 N.E.2d 697, 700 (Ind.
2000). In his pre-sentence investigation report, Mowrey stated that, although he suffered
some abuse in his childhood, he had a fair childhood and maintained a fair relationship
with his family. At sentencing, the only evidence of Mowrey‟s difficult childhood was
his attorney‟s argument that “[h]is parents really contributed nothing to his upbringing”
and that had “a lot to do with all of [his] convictions.” Sent. Tr. at 6. We do not believe
that the trial court abused its discretion in not finding Mowrey‟s childhood to be a
mitigating factor.
A guilty plea is not automatically a significant mitigating factor. Brown v. State,
907 N.E.2d 591, 594 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (citing Sensback v. State, 720 N.E.2d 1160,
1165 (Ind. 1999)). When the defendant has already received a substantial benefit from
the plea agreement, a guilty plea may not be a significant mitigator. Id. Moreover, a
guilty plea may not rise to the level of significant mitigation where the evidence against
the defendant is such that the decision to plead guilty is more likely the result of
pragmatism than the acceptance of responsibility and remorse. Davies v. State, 758
N.E.2d 981, 987 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied (2002).
Here, it appears that Mowrey‟s decision to plead guilty was more likely the result
of pragmatism. At least six officers, in addition to the victim, were present when
Mowrey kicked the correctional officer in the chin and the marijuana was discovered in
Mowrey‟s possession. Therefore, Mowrey‟s guilty plea was likely a sign of pragmatism.
Further, the guilty plea was not an acceptance of responsibility and remorse on Mowrey‟s
part. At sentencing, Mowrey attempted to withdraw his plea and admitted to lying in
5 open court to obtain the plea. Sent. Tr. at 8. Instead of accepting responsibility, he
claimed he “made a lot of false accusations by stating . . . I did the crime,” and that he
was battered by the officers. Id. We therefore conclude that the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in its finding of mitigating factors.
Additionally, “[t]his court has authority to revise a sentence „if, after due
consideration of the trial court‟s decision, the Court finds that the sentence is
inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.‟”
Spitler v. State, 908 N.E.2d 694, 696 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (quoting Ind. Appellate Rule
7(B)), trans. denied. “Although Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) does not require us to be
„extremely‟ deferential to a trial court‟s sentencing decision, we still must give due
consideration to that decision.” Patterson v. State, 909 N.E.2d 1058, 1062-63 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2009) (quoting Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007)). We
understand and recognize the unique perspective a trial court brings to its sentencing
decisions. Id. at 1063. The defendant bears the burden of persuading this court that his
sentence is inappropriate. Id.
We initially note that, although Mowrey raises the contention that his sentence
was inappropriate because of the trial court‟s alleged failure to consider significant
mitigating circumstances, he does not fully develop any argument explaining why his
aggregate two-year sentence was inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and
his character. “„A party waives an issue where the party fails to develop a cogent
argument or provide adequate citation to authority and portions of the record.‟” Wingate
v. State, 900 N.E.2d 468, 475 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (quoting Davis v. State, 835 N.E.2d
6 1102, 1113 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied (2006)); see also Ind. Appellate Rule
46(A)(8)(a) (requiring that contentions in appellant‟s briefs be supported by cogent
reasoning and citations to authorities, statutes, and appendix or parts of record on appeal).
Therefore, in light of Mowrey‟s failure to provide a cogent argument in support of his
claim, Mowrey has waived such claim on appeal.
Waiver notwithstanding, Mowrey‟s sentence was not inappropriate. While
incarcerated on other non-related offenses, Mowrey disregarded the rules of the
correctional institution by possessing marijuana in the facility. When the correctional
officer attempted to search him for such contraband, he became aggressive and kicked a
correctional officer in the chin. Further, Mowrey has a very extensive criminal history
that consists of eighteen delinquency adjudications, approximately twenty-seven
misdemeanor convictions, and five felony convictions. He has had suspended sentences
revoked and probation revocations. We therefore conclude that Mowrey had not shown
that his two-year executed sentence was inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense
and the character of the offender.
Affirmed.
BARNES, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.