Floyd v. State

645 S.W.2d 690, 278 Ark. 342, 1983 Ark. LEXIS 1258
Supreme Court of Arkansas·Decided February 7, 1983·No. CR 82-99·Published·Cited by 30 cases

Opinions

John I. Purtle, Justice.

Appellant was found guilty of attempted rape and burglary and of being an habitual criminal. He was sentenced to 50 years for attempted rape and 30 years for burglary. On appeal he argues: (1) that his fingerprints were illegally seized; (2) that the court erred in allowing the state to enumerate his prior felonies; and, (3) that the state was allowed to appeal to the passion and prejudice of the jury in closing argument. We do not agree with any of the points urged for reversal.

Appellant was being held on an unrelated charge when his fingerprints were taken for use in comparison to prints which had been found at the scene of an attempted rape and burglary. As a result of a “suspicion” that appellant may have been the party involved in the attempted rape and burglary, the police department took the fingerprints here in question. These prints turned out to be the link connecting appellant to the crime for which he was convicted and which is the subject of this appeal.

During the course of the trial the appellant elected to testify in his own behalf. On direct testimony he admitted that he was a convicted felon. On cross-examination the state, over appellant’s strenuous objection, was allowed to ask him if he had been convicted of nine felonies. The court required him to answer. He responded that he had. In closing argument the state, while arguing to the jury, stated, “We can’t continue in this community or any community to have these people commit crimes...” Counsel for appellant interrupted and objected to this argument. A motion for a mistrial was denied.

Appellant’s first argument relates to the taking of the fingerprints while he was in custody on an unrelated charge. We agree with appellant’s argument that fingerprints are protected by the Fourth Amendment and are subject to the provisions of the amendment. We abide by the holding in Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963), subsequently followed by us in Scroggins v. State, 276 Ark. 177, 633 S.W.2d 33 (1982). In Scroggins, we held that it was the state’s burden to prove that the motel room which had been searched without a warrant was not subject to constitutional protection. We also held that the Fourth Amendment prohibited warrantless seizures of persons as well as property and cited as authority therefor the case of Davis v. Mississippi, 394 U.S. 721 (1969). Our exact language on this subject in Scroggins was:

... it is elementary that the State must prove that a warrantless intrusion, in this case an arrest, was not in violation of the fourth amendment.

We do not have an illegal intrusion or seizure in the case before us. The appellant was legally in custody of the state and the giving of the fingerprints is a routine matter which is within the discretion of the police department. It is not illegal for an officer to have a suspicion, and the fact that the appellant was not an actual suspect at this time has no relationship to the allowable investigative procedures employed by police officials. Had appellant been picked up solely on suspicion, without probable cause, and his fingerprints taken, then we would have a different situation. See Davis v. Mississippi, supra.

The second argument for reversal is that the trial court erred in allowing the state to ask about several prior felony convictions. In this case the appellant took the stand and upon direct questioning admitted that he had been convicted of a felony. On cross-examination the trial court allowed the state to ask if he had not “been convicted of nine previous felonies.” Appellant argues that when he took the stand and admitted he had been convicted of a felony he had been impeached and the state should not be allowed to further impeach him. This argument is based upon Uniform Rules of Evidence, Rule 609. This rule has been considered by this court and the Court of Appeals many times. The wording of the statute is of no help in deciding whether the intention was to allow more than one conviction. The case of Jones v. State, 274 Ark. 379, 625 S.W.2d 471 (1981) dealt with Rule 609 (a). In Jones we stated:

The Uniform Rule is specifically directed to the conviction’s probative value with respect only to credibility, because under both our common law and the Uniform Rules proof of an earlier crime is not admissible merely to bolster the prosecution’s case by showing that the accused is a person of bad character, addicted to crime.

The rule grants the trial court discretionary power to determine whether the probative value of admitting evidence of a prior felony outweighs the prejudicial effect on an accused or a witness. We applied the provisions of the rule in Jones when we stated:

On the facts of this case the prejudicial effect of the previous conviction clearly outweighed its value as bearing on credibility. There may be instances in which proof of an earlier conviction for the same crime as that on trial may be admissible, but there are sometimes strong reasons for excluding such proof because of the pressure on lay jurors to believe that “if he did it before he probably did so this time.” [Cite omitted.] That is especially true in the case at bar, because sexual abuse of a child is a particularly shameful and outrageous crime.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Floyd v. State, 645 S.W.2d 690, 278 Ark. 342, 1983 Ark. LEXIS 1258 (Ark. 1983).

645 S.W.2d 690 (Floyd v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Henson v. State
2014 Ark. App. 49 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 2014)
Ellis v. State
2012 Ark. 65 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 2012)
Swink v. Lasiter Construction, Inc.
229 S.W.3d 553 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 2006)
Anderson v. State
108 S.W.3d 592 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 2003)
Opinion No.
Arkansas Attorney General Reports, 2000
Richardson v. State
803 S.W.2d 557 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 1991)
McDonald v. Wilcox
780 S.W.2d 17 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1989)
Carmichael v. State
757 S.W.2d 944 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1988)
Williams v. State
742 S.W.2d 932 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1988)
Garza v. State
735 S.W.2d 702 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1987)
Watson v. State
724 S.W.2d 478 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1987)
Wilburn v. State
711 S.W.2d 760 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1986)
People v. Montgomery
494 N.E.2d 475 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1986)
Smith v. State
675 S.W.2d 627 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1984)
Lincoln v. State
670 S.W.2d 819 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 1984)
McDaniel v. State
666 S.W.2d 400 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1984)
Jones v. State
665 S.W.2d 876 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1984)
Henderson v. State
664 S.W.2d 451 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1984)
Taylor v. State
658 S.W.2d 432 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 1983)
Henry v. State
647 S.W.2d 419 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1983)