1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 Latricia Flowers-Carter, et al., No. CV-18-03836-PHX-DWL
10 Plaintiffs, ORDER
11 v.
12 Braun Corporation,
13 Defendant. 14 15 On May 11, 2020, the Court issued a 30-page order that granted in part, and denied 16 in part, Plaintiffs’ motion to compel Braun to produce six categories of discovery material 17 and to sanction Braun for discovery misconduct. (Doc. 165.) Among other things, this 18 order (1) recounted the many discovery disputes that have arisen throughout the course of 19 this case (id. at 10-18); (2) held that Plaintiffs’ motion to compel “could be denied outright” 20 because Plaintiffs failed to submit a meet-and-confer certification, as required by Rule 21 37(a)(1) and LRCiv 7.2(j) (id. at 18-20); (3) stated that the Court would, in its discretion, 22 overlook Plaintiffs’ non-compliance as to two of the categories at issue—certain emails 23 withheld by Braun based on the “common interest doctrine” and other documents withheld 24 by Braun based on the attorney-client privilege—because it was clear, based on earlier 25 hearings, that the parties had exhausted their meet-and-confer efforts regarding those 26 documents (id. at 20-21); (4) granted Plaintiffs’ motion to compel as to the first category, 27 because Braun had not established the applicability of the common interest doctrine (id. at 28 21-24); (5) denied Plaintiffs’ motion to compel as to the second category (id. at 24-26); 1 and (6) authorized Plaintiffs, as a sanction for Braun’s shifting disclosures concerning a 2 key issue (the vehicle replacement offer), to depose an additional witness at Braun’s 3 expense (id. at 26-30). 4 Both sides have now filed what are effectively motions for partial reconsideration 5 of the May 11, 2020 order. (Docs. 166, 168.)1 For the following reasons, both motions 6 will be denied. 7 I. Braun’s Motion for Clarification (Doc. 166) 8 As noted, one of the categories of discovery material addressed in the May 11, 2020 9 order was a set of 17 emails—all communications between agents of Braun and agents of 10 non-party United Access (“UA”)—that Braun had refused to produce pursuant to the 11 common interest doctrine. All 17 emails were identified by Braun on a document entitled 12 “Common Interest Privilege Log.” (Doc. 166-1.) In response to Plaintiffs’ motion to 13 compel, Braun broadly asserted that all of the emails identified on this log were immune 14 from disclosure because they constituted “Braun’s communications with UA” that “were 15 made for the limited purpose of facilitating the rendition of legal services relating to UA’s 16 response to Plaintiffs’ Subpoena for Braun’s documents.” (Doc. 154 at 15.) In the May 17 11, 2020 order, the Court concluded that Braun’s invocation of the common interest 18 doctrine “fails for the threshold reason that it has not demonstrated that the UA 19 representatives with whom its lawyers were communicating were themselves lawyers or 20 represented by lawyers at the time of the communication,” which “is a prerequisite to the 21 application of the doctrine.” (Doc. 165 at 23.) 22 On May 20, 2020, Braun filed a “motion for clarification.” (Doc. 166.) Specifically, 23 Braun seeks to advance an alternative reason why it should be allowed to continue 24 withholding one of the 17 emails. That email was identified on the “Common Interest 25 Privilege Log” as an August 15, 2019 email from Braun’s outside counsel to five other 26 Braun representatives (in-house counsel and outside counsel) and one UA employee, Rich 27 1 Plaintiffs have also filed a motion to reopen discovery for the purpose of pursuing 28 two additional depositions. (Doc. 171.) That motion is not yet fully briefed, so it would be premature to address it now. 1 Venhaus. (Doc. 166-1 at 3 [“Tab 4”].) Braun argues it should be allowed to continue 2 withholding that email because, although an employee of UA was “inadvertently copied” 3 onto the recipient line, the email was intended to be sent only to other Braun employees 4 and agents and is therefore protected by the attorney-client privilege and the work-product 5 doctrine. (Doc. 166 at 2 n.2 [“Braun’s counsel . . . inadvertently copied a United Access 6 employee on this email, but the contents of [the] communication expressly state that he 7 intended to exclude United Access for the purpose of maintaining the attorney client 8 privilege.”].) 9 On May 21, 2020, the Court issued an order calling for additional briefing. (Doc. 10 167.) Among other things, this order questioned whether Braun’s claim of inadvertent 11 disclosure was consistent with the position that Braun had taken when attempting to defend 12 the applicability of the common interest doctrine. (Id. at 2 [“Braun has not explained why 13 it offered one factual description of the August 15, 2019 email in its response to the motion 14 to compel (i.e., an email intentionally sent to UA in an attempt to promote the parties’ 15 common legal interest) yet now seeks to offer an entirely different and contradictory 16 description of the email in its motion for clarification (i.e., an email accidentally sent to 17 UA due to an ‘inadvertent’ typing error by Braun’s counsel). This abrupt change is 18 disturbing.”].) 19 On May 27, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a response to Braun’s motion. (Doc. 169.) 20 Plaintiffs contend that (1) Braun waived any claim of privilege by disclosing the email to 21 a third party (from UA) and then failing to undertake any effort to claw back the inadvertent 22 disclosure; (2) by rejecting Braun’s arguments concerning the applicability of the common 23 interest doctrine, the Court necessarily also found that the email wasn’t privileged; and (3) 24 because Braun’s “new argument was available to it at the time it briefed its response to 25 Plaintiffs’ motion,” Braun “cannot assert it now through its mislabeled motion for 26 reconsideration.” (Id.) 27 On June 5, 2020, Braun filed a reply. (Doc. 173.) Braun begins by arguing that it 28 has not waived or forfeited its privilege claim because (1) it specifically denoted, in its 1 “Common Interest Privilege Log,” that it believed the August 15, 2019 was covered by the 2 attorney-client privilege, and (2) although it didn’t brief the applicability of the privilege 3 in its response to the motion to compel, there was no reason to do so—Plaintiffs’ motion 4 only challenged the applicability of the common interest doctrine. (Id. at 1-3.) Braun also 5 attempts to address the concern set forth in the Court’s May 21, 2020 order, arguing that it 6 has not taken inconsistent positions because it “did not specifically address Item No. 4 in 7 its Response” to the motion to compel and thus “did not specifically describe Item No. 4 8 as ‘intentionally sent to UA . . . to promote the parties’ common legal interests.’” (Id. at 9 2-3.) Next, under the heading “Inadvertent disclosure does not automatically waive 10 privilege,” Braun argues it did not “purposely intend[] to waive the privilege” because “it 11 never intended to send the email to a third party beyond the reach of the privilege 12 relationship. Braun did not claw back the email, as Braun reasonably believed the email 13 was privileged pursuant to the attorney–client privilege and common-interest doctrine.” 14 (Id. at 3-4.) Finally, Braun argues that the May 11, 2020 ruling concerning the 15 inapplicability of the common interest doctrine has no bearing on the distinct issue of 16 whether the August 15, 2019 email is privileged. (Id. at 4-5.) 17 Braun’s motion will be denied for two independent reasons. First, although Braun 18 attempts to characterize its motion as a request for clarification, it is no such thing.
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1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 Latricia Flowers-Carter, et al., No. CV-18-03836-PHX-DWL
10 Plaintiffs, ORDER
11 v.
12 Braun Corporation,
13 Defendant. 14 15 On May 11, 2020, the Court issued a 30-page order that granted in part, and denied 16 in part, Plaintiffs’ motion to compel Braun to produce six categories of discovery material 17 and to sanction Braun for discovery misconduct. (Doc. 165.) Among other things, this 18 order (1) recounted the many discovery disputes that have arisen throughout the course of 19 this case (id. at 10-18); (2) held that Plaintiffs’ motion to compel “could be denied outright” 20 because Plaintiffs failed to submit a meet-and-confer certification, as required by Rule 21 37(a)(1) and LRCiv 7.2(j) (id. at 18-20); (3) stated that the Court would, in its discretion, 22 overlook Plaintiffs’ non-compliance as to two of the categories at issue—certain emails 23 withheld by Braun based on the “common interest doctrine” and other documents withheld 24 by Braun based on the attorney-client privilege—because it was clear, based on earlier 25 hearings, that the parties had exhausted their meet-and-confer efforts regarding those 26 documents (id. at 20-21); (4) granted Plaintiffs’ motion to compel as to the first category, 27 because Braun had not established the applicability of the common interest doctrine (id. at 28 21-24); (5) denied Plaintiffs’ motion to compel as to the second category (id. at 24-26); 1 and (6) authorized Plaintiffs, as a sanction for Braun’s shifting disclosures concerning a 2 key issue (the vehicle replacement offer), to depose an additional witness at Braun’s 3 expense (id. at 26-30). 4 Both sides have now filed what are effectively motions for partial reconsideration 5 of the May 11, 2020 order. (Docs. 166, 168.)1 For the following reasons, both motions 6 will be denied. 7 I. Braun’s Motion for Clarification (Doc. 166) 8 As noted, one of the categories of discovery material addressed in the May 11, 2020 9 order was a set of 17 emails—all communications between agents of Braun and agents of 10 non-party United Access (“UA”)—that Braun had refused to produce pursuant to the 11 common interest doctrine. All 17 emails were identified by Braun on a document entitled 12 “Common Interest Privilege Log.” (Doc. 166-1.) In response to Plaintiffs’ motion to 13 compel, Braun broadly asserted that all of the emails identified on this log were immune 14 from disclosure because they constituted “Braun’s communications with UA” that “were 15 made for the limited purpose of facilitating the rendition of legal services relating to UA’s 16 response to Plaintiffs’ Subpoena for Braun’s documents.” (Doc. 154 at 15.) In the May 17 11, 2020 order, the Court concluded that Braun’s invocation of the common interest 18 doctrine “fails for the threshold reason that it has not demonstrated that the UA 19 representatives with whom its lawyers were communicating were themselves lawyers or 20 represented by lawyers at the time of the communication,” which “is a prerequisite to the 21 application of the doctrine.” (Doc. 165 at 23.) 22 On May 20, 2020, Braun filed a “motion for clarification.” (Doc. 166.) Specifically, 23 Braun seeks to advance an alternative reason why it should be allowed to continue 24 withholding one of the 17 emails. That email was identified on the “Common Interest 25 Privilege Log” as an August 15, 2019 email from Braun’s outside counsel to five other 26 Braun representatives (in-house counsel and outside counsel) and one UA employee, Rich 27 1 Plaintiffs have also filed a motion to reopen discovery for the purpose of pursuing 28 two additional depositions. (Doc. 171.) That motion is not yet fully briefed, so it would be premature to address it now. 1 Venhaus. (Doc. 166-1 at 3 [“Tab 4”].) Braun argues it should be allowed to continue 2 withholding that email because, although an employee of UA was “inadvertently copied” 3 onto the recipient line, the email was intended to be sent only to other Braun employees 4 and agents and is therefore protected by the attorney-client privilege and the work-product 5 doctrine. (Doc. 166 at 2 n.2 [“Braun’s counsel . . . inadvertently copied a United Access 6 employee on this email, but the contents of [the] communication expressly state that he 7 intended to exclude United Access for the purpose of maintaining the attorney client 8 privilege.”].) 9 On May 21, 2020, the Court issued an order calling for additional briefing. (Doc. 10 167.) Among other things, this order questioned whether Braun’s claim of inadvertent 11 disclosure was consistent with the position that Braun had taken when attempting to defend 12 the applicability of the common interest doctrine. (Id. at 2 [“Braun has not explained why 13 it offered one factual description of the August 15, 2019 email in its response to the motion 14 to compel (i.e., an email intentionally sent to UA in an attempt to promote the parties’ 15 common legal interest) yet now seeks to offer an entirely different and contradictory 16 description of the email in its motion for clarification (i.e., an email accidentally sent to 17 UA due to an ‘inadvertent’ typing error by Braun’s counsel). This abrupt change is 18 disturbing.”].) 19 On May 27, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a response to Braun’s motion. (Doc. 169.) 20 Plaintiffs contend that (1) Braun waived any claim of privilege by disclosing the email to 21 a third party (from UA) and then failing to undertake any effort to claw back the inadvertent 22 disclosure; (2) by rejecting Braun’s arguments concerning the applicability of the common 23 interest doctrine, the Court necessarily also found that the email wasn’t privileged; and (3) 24 because Braun’s “new argument was available to it at the time it briefed its response to 25 Plaintiffs’ motion,” Braun “cannot assert it now through its mislabeled motion for 26 reconsideration.” (Id.) 27 On June 5, 2020, Braun filed a reply. (Doc. 173.) Braun begins by arguing that it 28 has not waived or forfeited its privilege claim because (1) it specifically denoted, in its 1 “Common Interest Privilege Log,” that it believed the August 15, 2019 was covered by the 2 attorney-client privilege, and (2) although it didn’t brief the applicability of the privilege 3 in its response to the motion to compel, there was no reason to do so—Plaintiffs’ motion 4 only challenged the applicability of the common interest doctrine. (Id. at 1-3.) Braun also 5 attempts to address the concern set forth in the Court’s May 21, 2020 order, arguing that it 6 has not taken inconsistent positions because it “did not specifically address Item No. 4 in 7 its Response” to the motion to compel and thus “did not specifically describe Item No. 4 8 as ‘intentionally sent to UA . . . to promote the parties’ common legal interests.’” (Id. at 9 2-3.) Next, under the heading “Inadvertent disclosure does not automatically waive 10 privilege,” Braun argues it did not “purposely intend[] to waive the privilege” because “it 11 never intended to send the email to a third party beyond the reach of the privilege 12 relationship. Braun did not claw back the email, as Braun reasonably believed the email 13 was privileged pursuant to the attorney–client privilege and common-interest doctrine.” 14 (Id. at 3-4.) Finally, Braun argues that the May 11, 2020 ruling concerning the 15 inapplicability of the common interest doctrine has no bearing on the distinct issue of 16 whether the August 15, 2019 email is privileged. (Id. at 4-5.) 17 Braun’s motion will be denied for two independent reasons. First, although Braun 18 attempts to characterize its motion as a request for clarification, it is no such thing. Instead, 19 Braun is attempting to obtain reconsideration of the May 11, 2020 order, which required it 20 to produce the August 15, 2019 email to Plaintiffs, by advancing a new legal theory as to 21 why it should be allowed to withhold that email. This is improper. Reconsideration is an 22 “extraordinary remedy” that “should not be granted, absent highly unusual circumstances, 23 unless the district court is presented with newly discovered evidence, committed clear 24 error, or if there is an intervening change in the controlling law.” Kona Enters., Inc. v. 25 Estate of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (citations omitted) (quotation omitted). 26 Thus, a motion for reconsideration “may not be used to raise arguments or present evidence 27 for the first time when they could reasonably have been raised earlier in the litigation.” Id. 28 See also LRCiv 7.2(g)(1) (“The Court will ordinarily deny a motion for reconsideration of 1 an Order absent a showing of manifest error or a showing of new facts or legal authority 2 that could not have been brought to its attention earlier with reasonable diligence.”). Here, 3 Braun had a reasonable opportunity to raise its attorney-client privilege and work-product 4 arguments during the motion-to-compel briefing process—it could have raised those 5 arguments as an alternative reason why Plaintiffs’ motion to compel should be denied. Its 6 failure to do so means it cannot attempt to belatedly raise those arguments through the 7 guise of a “motion for clarification.” 8 Second, the Court continues to be troubled by Braun’s lack of consistency. In its 9 response to the motion to compel, Braun argued that all 17 emails identified on its 10 “Common Interest Privilege Log” were covered by the common interest doctrine. (Doc. 11 154 at 14-16.) In support of this claim, Braun argued that the common interest doctrine 12 applies when already-privileged communications “are exchanged with another party to 13 ‘facilitate the rendition of legal services’ to each party” (id. at 15) and suggested that the 14 17 emails qualified under that test because they “were made for the limited purpose of 15 facilitating the rendition of legal services relating to UA’s response to Plaintiffs’ Subpoena 16 for Braun’s documents” and represented “the entities’ attempts to develop a joint legal 17 strategy” (id. at 15-16). The only reasonable interpretation of those statements is as a 18 representation by Braun that all 17 emails were intentionally sent to UA in an attempt to 19 develop a joint legal strategy. This is inconsistent with the argument raised in Braun’s 20 motion for clarification—that “Braun’s counsel . . . inadvertently copied a United Access 21 employee on [the August 15, 2019] email.” (Doc. 166 at 2 n.2.) 22 Braun contends it isn’t taking inconsistent positions because it didn’t “specifically 23 address” the August 15, 2019 email in its response to the motion to compel—and, thus, 24 didn’t make any specific representations as to whether that particular email had been 25 intentionally sent to UA. (Doc. 173 at 2-3.) But Braun stated in its response to the motion 26 to compel that all of the withheld emails were covered by the common interest doctrine 27 because they had been intentionally sent to UA. This assertion necessarily encompassed 28 the August 15, 2019 email and is thus inconsistent with Braun’s new claim of an 1 inadvertent disclosure. 2 Finally, the factual assertions in Braun’s reply raise even more concerns about 3 inconsistency. Braun states in its reply that it “never intended to send the email to a third 4 party beyond the reach of the privilege relationship” and thus “did not claw back the email 5 . . . [because it] reasonably believed the email was privileged pursuant to the attorney– 6 client privilege and common-interest doctrine.” (Doc. 173 at 3-4.) This doesn’t sound like 7 a claim of inadvertent disclosure (which is what Braun claimed in its motion, see Doc. 166 8 at 2 n.2)—it sounds like a claim of intentional disclosure to UA based on a 9 misunderstanding of the legal consequences of that disclosure. 10 For all of these reasons, the motion for clarification will be denied. 11 II. Plaintiffs’ Motion for Reconsideration (Doc. 168) 12 As noted, Plaintiffs failed to submit a meet-and-confer certification in support of 13 their motion to compel. Under Rule 37(a)(1) and LRCiv 7.2(j), the Court could have denied 14 the motion to compel in its entirety based on this omission, but the Court chose in its 15 discretion to overlook the omission as to two of the six categories of documents. (Doc. 16 165 at 18-21.) 17 On May 26, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration. (Doc. 168.) 18 Plaintiffs argue that, because the Court has already chosen to “graciously overlook[] 19 Plaintiffs’ misstep regarding their certificate of conference,” and because the record 20 contains evidence that they adequately met-and-conferred with Braun concerning three 21 additional categories (Braun’s work-product invocation, the Pacifica documents, and 22 Braun’s failure to produce a knowledgeable 30(b)(6) witness), the Court should reach the 23 merits of those categories, too. (Id. at 2-3.) 24 Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration will be denied. First, the Court only chose to 25 overlook Plaintiffs’ non-compliance with Rule 37(a)(1) and LRCiv 7.2(j) as to the common 26 interest doctrine and the attorney-client privilege because both of those issues had been 27 addressed during earlier court hearings. (Doc. 165 at 20, emphasis added [“[I]t’s clear that 28 at least some of the issues raised in the motion to compel have been the subject of earlier 1 meet-and-confer efforts, given that they were discussed (but not definitively resolved) 2 during earlier discovery hearings. Accordingly, the Court will exercise its discretion to 3 overlook Plaintiffs’ non-compliance with Rule 37(a)(1) and LRCiv 7.2(j) as to some, but 4 not all, of the discovery disputes at issue.”].) Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration doesn’t 5 purport to establish that the other categories of discovery material were addressed during 6 earlier court hearings—instead, Plaintiffs seek to prove the adequacy of their meet-and- 7 confer efforts as to those categories by attaching a transcript of an out-of-court conversation 8 between counsel that occurred on January 31, 2020. (Doc. 168 at 2, citing Doc. 164-1.) 9 This transcript doesn’t establish that the Court committed any error in the May 11, 2020 10 order, let alone the sort of “clear error” (see Kona Enterprises, 229 F.3d at 890) or 11 “manifest error” (see LRCiv 7.2(g)(1)) necessary to trigger reconsideration. 12 Second, and in a related vein, this isn’t the first time Plaintiffs have cited the January 13 31, 2020 transcript as proof of their meet-and-confer efforts—it was also enclosed as an 14 attachment to their reply in support of their motion to compel. (Doc. 164-1.) In fact, 15 Plaintiffs specifically argued in their reply that the “in person meeting on January 31, 2020, 16 during which the parties expressly discussed Defendant’s common interest privilege 17 objection, Defendant’s work product objection, and the issue of other similar Pacifica 18 complaints,” was proof that “Plaintiffs have exhausted their meet and confer duties.” (Doc. 19 164 at 1-2.) Thus, the motion for reconsideration effectively amounts to an attempt by 20 Plaintiffs to re-urge the same argument they asserted in their reply. This is improper. See 21 LRCiv 7.2(g)(1) (“No motion for reconsideration of an Order may repeat any oral or 22 written argument made by the movant in support of or in opposition to the motion that 23 resulted in the Order.”).2 24 Third, as for Plaintiffs’ assertion that the May 11, 2020 order “did not address 25 Plaintiffs’ request for production of knowledgeable Rule 30(b)(6) witnesses” and “omitted 26 this request entirely” (Doc. 168 at 3), this assertion is inaccurate.
27 2 Additionally, to the extent Plaintiffs sought to proffer the January 31, 2020 transcript as proof of the adequacy of their meet-and-confer efforts, they were required to 28 submit it as an attachment to their motion to compel, as opposed to submitting it for the first time as an attachment to their reply. 1 In Part II of their motion to compel and for sanctions, Plaintiffs sought to compel 2 the production of six categories of documents. (Doc. 157 at 2-14.) That section of the 3 motion contains no mention of Braun’s 30(b)(6) witness. (Id.) The only mention of the 4 30(b)(6) witness comes in Part III, in which Plaintiffs requested the imposition of Rule 37 5 sanctions against Braun “for its discovery practices.” (Doc. 157 at 14-17.) In the text of 6 Part III, Plaintiffs focused on Braun’s conflicting disclosures and deposition testimony 7 concerning which Braun employee had authorized Elaine Haschel to convey a replacement 8 offer to Plaintiffs. (Id.) Additionally, in a footnote, Plaintiffs made a fleeting reference to 9 the fact that Braun’s 30(b)(6) witness was unknowledgable as to “the alleged terms of the 10 alleged replacement and repurchase offers.” (Id. at 16 n.7.) The specific sanction Plaintiffs 11 requested in Part III was an order precluding Braun from presenting any evidence that it 12 had conveyed a replacement offer (id. at 14), but Plaintiffs also stated, in the final sentence 13 of their motion, that “[i]n the alternative, Defendant should be ordered to produce Johnston, 14 McMahon and a 30(b)(6) witness on the unanswered topics for depositions, and at its cost.” 15 (Id. at 18.) 16 In the May 11, 2020 order, the Court concluded that “Plaintiffs are entitled to some 17 relief, but not the dramatic relief sought in their motion (i.e., an evidence-preclusion 18 sanction that would effectively direct a verdict in their favor on liability).” (Doc. 165 at 19 29.) Because “the only discovery order that Braun has arguably violated is the order 20 requiring the identification of witnesses—McMahon should have been identified as a 21 witness, given his role in the replacement-authorization process,” the Court ordered Braun 22 to produce McMahon as a witness and further ordered Braun to pay for the cost of the 23 deposition. (Id. at 29-30.) Finally, in a footnote, the Court acknowledged but rejected 24 Plaintiffs’ request to depose additional Braun witnesses: “Plaintiffs also contend, in their 25 alternative request, that they should be allowed to depose Johnston and another Braun 26 30(b)(6) witness at Braun’s expense. The Court disagrees. Braun’s updated MIDP 27 disclosure identifies McMahon, but not Johnston, as providing the authorization.” (Id. at 28 30 n.12.) 1 As this summary demonstrates, the Court did not “entirely omit” any discussion of 2|| Plaintiffs’ request to depose a 30(b)(6) witness at Braun’s expense. (Doc. 168 at 3.) In fact, the Court specifically acknowledged that request but rejected it. 4 Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that: 5 (1) — Braun’s motion for clarification (Doc. 166) is denied. 6 (2) Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration (Doc. 168) 1s denied. 7 Dated this 10th day of June, 2020. 8 9 =) 10 f t _o——— Dominic W, Lanza 11 United States District Judge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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