Fletcher v. Dreesen

District Court, D. Nevada·Decided June 27, 2025·No. 2:22-cv-01777·Unknown

Opinion

3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

4 DISTRICT OF NEVADA

5 * * *

6 KATHERINE DEE FLETCHER, Case No. 2:22-cv-01777-MMD-NJK

7 Plaintiff, ORDER v. 8 DREESEN, et al., 9 Defendants. 10 11 I. SUMMARY 12 Pro se Plaintiff Katherine Dee Fletcher, who is incarcerated in the custody of the 13 Nevada Department of Corrections (“NDOC”) at Florence McClure Women’s Correctional 14 Center (“FMWCC”), asserts claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for events that occurred when 15 she was placed in an isolation cell for 33 days. (ECF No. 116.) This order addresses the 16 following, pending matters: (1) Defendants’ motion to dismiss (ECF No. 159 (“Motion”))1; 17 and (2) Plaintiff’s objection to the Court’s May 19, 2025, minute order (ECF No. 248) 18 deeming her motion for voluntary dismissal withdrawn (ECF No. 249 (“Objection”)). For 19 the reasons discussed herein, the Court grants the Motion as it relates to Plaintiffs’ fourth 20 claim regarding denial of access to courts and denies the Motion as to the remaining 21 claims. The Court further overrules Plaintiff’s Objection. 22 The Court notes that Plaintiff recently filed two notices of appeal. (ECF No. 257, 23 258.) These notices appear to challenge the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’ order 24 dismissing her prior appeal, as they both reference the Court of Appeals’ dismissal order 25 (ECF No. 253). Even if Plaintiff is attempting to challenge this Court’s rulings, her appeals 26 are improper because the Court has not issued any appealable order. Accordingly, 27 Plaintiff’s most recent notices of appeal do not affect the Court’s jurisdiction. See 28 2 appeal—an appeal of a non-appealable interlocutory order—"does not transfer 3 jurisdiction to the appellate court, and so the ordinary rule that the district court cannot 4 act until the mandate has issued on the appeal does not apply”). 5 II. RELEVANT BACKGROUND 6 The following background facts are adapted from the second amended complaint 7 (EC No. 116 (“SAC”)) and the Court’s order screening the SAC (ECF No. 127 (“Screening 8 Order”)). Plaintiff’s claims stem from her time in an isolation cell at FMWCC between 9 September 12, 2022, and October 14, 2022. (ECF No. 116.) 10 Fletcher is a member of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. (Id. at 2.) On September 12, 11 2022, Plaintiff declined the “annual prisoner injection” due to her religion. (Id. at 8.) After 12 her refusal, Correctional Officer (“C/O”) Howard locked Plaintiff in her room for hours. (Id.) 13 When Howard asked Plaintiff why she declined the injection, she responded that God did 14 not want her to have the injection. (Id.) Howard eventually took Plaintiff to Associate 15 Warden Nash. (Id.) Nash had Lt. Wells handcuff Plaintiff and take her to Operations, 16 where 15 people confronted her. (Id.) After confirming that Plaintiff’s actions were part of 17 her faith, Warden Dreesen had Plaintiff moved to an isolation cell for 33 days. (Id.) During 18 this 33-day isolation, C/O Smith prevented Plaintiff from accessing her bibles, bible study 19 workbook, congregation publications, spiritual literature, and other supplies. (Id. at 8-9.) 20 This impeded Plaintiff’s spiritual health and forced her to break her faith. (Id. at 9.) 21 While in isolation for 33 days, Plaintiff suffered substantial harm from the 22 “absolutely horrid” conditions. (Id. at 10). The cell had a built-in shower so she never had 23 to leave the cell. (Id.) However, these isolation showers flooded. (Id.) When Plaintiff 24 attempted to use her shower, her cell flooded. (Id.) The shower caused a major fall hazard 25 and was a breeding ground for black mold. (Id.) The linoleum was rotten, cracked, lifting, 26 and buckled from the water damage and caused a tripping hazard when dry. (Id.) There 27 were rust stains and “fuzzy dark black hairy mold growing out along the cracks [and] 28 crevasses.” (Id.) Beneath the linoleum, Plaintiff discovered a “thick black ooze.” (Id.) Black 2 to mold and had to breathe in black mold for 33 days. (Id. at 11). Plaintiff’s exposure to 3 the black mold caused her to have prolonged breathing issues and other health issues. 4 (Id. at 3-6.) 5 Property supervisor Smith wrongfully withheld Plaintiff’s legal documents, 6 supplies, and calls from September 12, 2022, through October 14, 2022. (Id. at 14). 7 Plaintiff did not have her address book and contact information and was “rendered unable 8 to effectively communicate with legal counsel during a critical stage” of her criminal 9 appeal. (Id.) As a result, Plaintiff’s attorney lost on direct appeal. (Id.) 10 Following screening of the SAC, the Court permitted Plaintiff to proceed on four 11 claims: (1) A First Amendment free exercise of religion claim based on allegations that 12 after Plaintiff declined a medical injection, she was locked up for hours, then placed in an 13 isolation cell for 33 days and was denied access to her religious items, preventing her 14 from practicing her religion (claim 1); (2) an Eighth Amendment conditions-of-confinement 15 claim based on allegations Plaintiff was subjected to black mold and slippery floors (claim 16 2); (3) a denial of access to the courts claim based on Plaintiff’s inability to communicate 17 with her attorney for her direct criminal appeal (claim 4); and (4) a deliberate indifference 18 to serious medical needs claim based on exposure to black mold exacerbating preexisting 19 health issues and causing other health issues (claim 5). (ECF No. 127 at 4-11.) 20 /// 21 /// 22 /// 23 /// 24 /// 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 28 2 A. Motion to Dismiss (ECF No. 159) 3 Defendants seek dismissal of all four claims based on the merits2 as well as 4 qualified immunity.3 The Court will address Defendants’ arguments as to each claim in 5 turn. 6 1. Claim 1: First Amendment Free Exercise Clause 7 Defendants insist that Fletcher fails to state a First Amendment free exercise claim 8 by reframing her claim as declining a mandatory tuberculosis test. In particular, 9 Defendants contend Plaintiff’s quarantine in a “negative airflow infirmary cell” for the 10 month in question was reasonably justified because she refused a mandatory 11 tuberculosis injection, and they have a penological interest in administering tuberculosis 12 test for latent tuberculosis.4 (ECF No. 159 at 8.) They also insist that removing her 13 property from the isolation cell was reasonable to protect her property from water 14 damage. (Id. at 9.) 15 First and foremost, Defendants incorrectly characterize Plaintiff’s allegations in 16 support of her first claim by stating that she was simply placed in a “negative airflow 17 infirmary cell.” (ECF No. 159 at 8-9.) Plaintiff alleges she was first “locked in [her] room 18 2Defendants include the standard governing dismissal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 19 12(b)(6), but do not appear to make a failure-to-state-a-claim argument. (ECF No. 159 at 4-5.) Moreover, the Court already found in its Screening Order that Plaintiff has 20 sufficiently alleged violation of her rights under the First Amendment and the Eight Amendment. (ECF No. 127 at 4-11.) The Court incorporates by reference its Rule 12(b)(6) 21 analysis from the Screening Order.

22 3Defendants’ arguments are primarily based on their selective reading of the SAC while Plaintiff’s response includes allegations that are not part of the claims in this case. 23 The Court declines to address Plaintiff’s unrelated allegations because they do not affect resolution of Defendants’ Motion. 24 4“A person asserting a free exercise claim must show that the government action 25 in question substantially burdens the person’s practice of her religion.” Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1031 (9th Cir. 2015).

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