J-A26032-23
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
VINCENT FITZPATRICK AND : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF GEORGIA FITZPATRICK, H/W : PENNSYLVANIA : Appellants : : v. : : ABC CORPORATION, TOLL : BROTHERS REAL ESTATE, INC., TOLL : BROTHERS REALTY PENNSYLVANIA, : LLC, TOLL BROTHERS, INC., TOLL PA : IV, LP, TOLL MID-ATLANTIC LP, : COMPANY, INC., ADVANCED : DRYWALL SYSTEMS II, LLC, L & W : SUPPLY CORPORATION, JOHNSTON : BUILT, LLC, BUILDERS SERVICES : GROUP, INC. D/B/A SYNERGY : INSULATION, INC. D/B/A MASCO : CONTRACTOR SERVICES, LLC, : BUILDERS SERVICES GROUP, INC. : D/B/A TRUTEAM BUILDER SERVICES : GROUP, INC. AND TOPBUILD : CORPORATION : : : APPEAL OF: SELECTIVE WAY : INSURANCE COMPANY : No. 753 EDA 2023
Appeal from the Order Entered May 27, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at No(s): 200600660
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and KING, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.: FILED DECEMBER 19, 2024
Appellant, Selective Way Insurance Company, as subrogee of Toll PA IV,
L.P. (“Toll”), appeals from the May 27, 2022 order entered in the Philadelphia
County Court of Common Pleas, granting summary judgment in favor of
Builder Services Group and related defendants (collectively, “BSG”) and the J-A26032-23
separate order entered on the same date denying Toll’s motion for summary
judgment.1 We vacate and remand for further proceedings.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
Toll, the general contractor for a residence located in Center Valley,
Pennsylvania, subcontracted BSG to install insulation in the residence
pursuant to a Master Construction Agreement. BSG employed Vincent
Fitzpatrick as an insulation installer. During construction, Mr. Fitzpatrick fell
through a hole in the site onto a concrete floor 25 feet below. As a result of
this accident, Mr. Fitzpatrick suffered brain damage, nerve damage, and
broken bones, and is no longer able to work in any capacity.
Subsequently, Mr. Fitzpatrick and his wife, Georgia Fitzpatrick
(collectively, “Plaintiffs” or “the Fitzpatricks”), commenced a civil action
asserting claims of negligence against BSG, Toll, Toll Mid-Atlantic LP Company,
Inc. (“Toll MAC”), Toll Bros., Inc. (“Toll Bros.”),2 and other parties. The Toll
Defendants filed their answer and new matter on August 28, 2020, which
included, inter alia, a cross-claim against BSG. In the cross-claim, the Toll
Defendants alleged that Toll had entered into a Master Construction
____________________________________________
1 Although Appellant’s notice of appeal listed an earlier April 11, 2022 order
granting summary judgment in favor of BSG, as we explain infra, the trial court later revoked that order and entered new orders on May 27, 2022 granting summary judgment in favor of BSG and denying Toll’s motion for summary judgment. We have amended the caption accordingly.
2 We refer to Toll, Toll MAC and Toll Bros. collectively as “Toll Defendants.”
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Agreement with BSG, wherein BSG agreed to indemnify and hold harmless
Toll against liability for any and all claims even if such claims resulted from
Toll’s negligence. Toll alleged that to the extent that BSG does not defend,
indemnify or hold Toll harmless, BSG is in breach of the contract.
BSG filed an answer to the cross-claim on September 17, 2020, alleging
that the Fitzpatricks’ causes of action were limited by the Pennsylvania
Workers’ Compensation Act (“WCA”). On October 14, 2020, BSG filed an
answer to the Toll Defendants’ new matter denying that it breached any
provision of the contract.
On February 4, 2022, the Toll Defendants filed a motion for summary
judgment asserting that the Fitzpatricks’ claims against Toll should be
dismissed as Toll owed no duty to the Fitzpatricks; the Fitzpatricks’ claims
against Toll MAC should be dismissed because Toll MAC owed no duty to the
Fitzpatricks; and the Fitzpatricks’ claims against Toll should be dismissed
because Toll was the statutory employer and thus entitled to statutory
immunity under the WCA.
On February 17, 2022, BSG filed a cross-motion for summary judgment.
BSG’s motion sought dismissal of all claims and cross-claims against BSG,
arguing it was Mr. Fitzpatrick’s statutory employer, and the WCA should have
been the sole and exclusive remedy for injuries sustained during his
employment. BSG explained that it had paid Mr. Fitzpatrick a substantial
amount of money pursuant to the WCA and was therefore shielded from
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further liability.
On March 10, 2022, the Toll Defendants responded to BSG’s motion for
summary judgment, asserting that if the court found that BSG was Mr.
Fitzpatrick’s statutory employer, judicial consistency would also warrant a
finding that Toll was also Mr. Fitzpatrick’s statutory employer. Also in that
response in a section called “new matter,” Toll asserted a cross-motion for
summary judgment with respect to its cross-claim against BSG for defense
and indemnification. Toll argued that in the Master Construction Agreement,
BSG explicitly waived WCA immunity as to Toll.
By order dated April 7, 2022, and filed April 11, 2022, the trial court
granted BSG’s motion for summary judgment. Nevertheless, the court did not
expressly rule on Toll’s motion for summary judgment with respect to its
cross-claim against BSG for defense and indemnification. On April 14, 2022,
Toll filed a motion seeking reconsideration of the order granting BSG’s motion
for summary judgment. On April 19, 2022, the trial court vacated the order
granting summary judgment, pending a hearing on the motion to reconsider.
The court conducted a hearing on May 25, 2022. After the hearing, by order
dated May 25, 2022 and filed May 27, 2022, the court reinstated the order
granting BSG’s motion for summary judgment. That same day, the trial court
also entered an order granting summary judgment in favor of Toll MAC, but
denied the motion for summary judgment as to Toll and Toll Bros. Again, the
court did not mention Toll’s cross-motion for summary judgment on its cross-
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claim for contractual defense and indemnification.
Prior to trial, on January 4, 2023, the Fitzpatricks reached a settlement
with the remaining defendants and filed a letter with the trial court, stating
that they were writing to advise that the parties had amicably resolved the
matter and there would be no need for a trial date. (See Letter, filed 1/4/23,
at 1). The letter further stated that the Fitzpatricks would “file the appropriate
closing documents once the settlement funds are distributed.” (Id.) The
docket entry for January 4, 2023 states that the case settled, and that notice
had been sent to all parties.
On February 3, 2023, Toll filed a notice of appeal from the trial court’s
summary judgment orders of April 11, 2022, and May 27, 2022. However, on
March 1, 2023, Toll withdrew and discontinued its appeal. On March 14, 2023,
the Fitzpatricks filed a praecipe to settle and discontinue the matter which
requested that the trial court mark all claims settled, discontinued, and ended
with prejudice regarding Toll, Toll Bros., Toll MAC, Advanced Drywall Systems,
II, LLC, L&W Supply Corporation, and Johnston Built, LLC, with the exception
of any contribution and/or indemnification claims asserted by any settling
defendant against BSG and related co-defendants.
On March 15, 2023, Appellant filed an emergency petition seeking to
intervene as a subrogee of Toll. Following a hearing on March 16, 2023, the
trial court entered an order (docketed March 17, 2023), which granted the
petition to intervene. Appellant filed a notice of appeal on March 17, 2023.
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The trial court subsequently ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal, and Appellant complied
on April 12, 2023.
On appeal, Appellant raises a single issue for review:
Did the trial court err when it granted BSG’s Motion for Summary Judgment and denied Toll’s Motion for Summary Judgment where the written agreement between Toll and BSG required BSG to defend and indemnify Toll for the underlying claims asserted against Toll?
(Appellant’s Brief at 4).
As preliminary concerns, we must address both the timeliness of the
appeal and Appellant’s standing in this matter. 3 “It is well-established that
timeliness is jurisdictional, as an untimely appeal divests this Court of
jurisdiction to hear the merits of the case.” Affordable Outdoor, LLC v. Tri-
Outdoor, Inc., 210 A.3d 270, 274 (Pa.Super. 2019) (internal quotation
marks omitted). An appeal from a trial court’s final order must be filed within
30 days after the entry of the order from which the appeal is taken. See
Pa.R.A.P. 902, 903.
Here, the parties dispute when the April 11, 2022 and May 27, 2022
orders granting summary judgment in favor of BSG became final and
appealable. Appellant contends that the final order in this case did not take
3 Following oral argument, this Court directed the parties to file supplemental
briefs regarding timeliness and standing. The parties have complied with our directive.
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place until March 14, 2023, after the Fitzpatricks filed the praecipe to settle,
discontinue, and end. According to Appellant, the January 4, 2023 letter
making the trial court aware of the settlement and asking the court to remove
the case from the trial list, did not constitute a final disposition of all claims
and parties. Rather, Appellant asserts that the settlement was not complete
until the defendants paid the settlement funds, and the Fitzpatricks filed the
praecipe to settle, discontinue, and end. Because Appellant filed a notice of
appeal only three days after the filing of the praecipe, and within the requisite
30-days, Appellant argues that its appeal is timely.
In response, BSG argues that an order is final and appealable when all
remaining claims are resolved regardless of whether a praecipe is filed. BSG
contends that the praecipe to settle, discontinue, and end did not functionally
resolve or provide notice of the resolution to the trial court; rather, the notice
was already provided when the Fitzpatricks informed the court of the
settlement on January 4, 2023. Further, BSG alleges that the Fitzpatricks’
execution of the release and issuance of the settlement funds were not
conditioned upon the filing of a praecipe. BSG claims that the filing of the
praecipe was merely a procedural mechanism to notify the trial court to mark
the matter closed and did not actually conclude the action. According to BSG,
the claims in the instant matter were resolved on January 4, 2023, or at the
latest, February 1, 2023, upon the Fitzpatricks’ execution of the release, and
therefore, the time to appeal expired on or before March 3, 2023. Thus, BSG
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concludes that Appellant’s appeal filed on March 17, 2023 was untimely. For
the following reasons, we agree with Appellant that the appeal is timely.
The Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure define a final order as
any order that disposes of all claims and of all parties. See Pa.R.A.P.
341(b)(1). “[I]n an action involving multiple defendants, and in the absence
of an express determination by the trial court under Rule 341(c), an order
granting summary judgment as to one party is treated as appealable as of
right only after the disposition of the claims involving the remaining parties.”
K.H. v. J.R., 573 Pa. 481, 490, 826 A.2d 863, 869 (2003) (stating order
granting one defendant’s motion for summary judgment became final and
appealable when judgment was entered after verdict in favor of remaining
defendant); Jobe v. W.P. Metz Refining, 664 A.2d 1015, 1017 n.3
(Pa.Super. 1995), appeal denied, 544 Pa. 659, 66 A.2d 1299 (1996)
(explaining that prior orders granting summary judgment did not become final
and appealable until entry of order granting summary judgment as to
remaining defendants). Therefore, an order is final when it “ends the
litigation, or alternatively disposes of the entire case.” Baumbach v.
Lafayette Coll., 272 A.3d 83, 88 (Pa.Super. 2022).
This Court has had the opportunity to address the effect of a praecipe
as it relates to the finality of an order on several occasions. For example, in
Baker v. Cambridge Chase, Inc., 725 A.2d 757 (Pa.Super. 1999), appeal
denied, 560 Pa. 716, 745 A.2d 1216 (1999), the trial court granted the
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plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment as to the sole remaining defendants
in the case. Nevertheless, the court acknowledged that two counts remained
against the defendants which the motion had not discussed. Subsequently,
counsel for plaintiffs filed a praecipe to settle, discontinue, and end the case.
The praecipe, therefore, “had the effect of withdrawing the two remaining
claims against the four remaining parties.” Id. at 762. Thus, this Court
observed it was the administrative filing of the praecipe that “finally disposed
of all claims and/or parties,” rather than the order granting summary
judgment. Id. at 761.
In Baumbach, supra, the trial court entered an order granting the
appellants’ petition to approve their settlement with remaining defendants.
Significantly, the settlement agreements included release provisions providing
that “upon receipt of the settlement proceeds, [the a]ppellants shall direct
their attorneys to file a Praecipe to Settle, Discontinue, and End.” Id. at 87.
Thus, the court’s order approving the terms of the settlement agreements
included “the provision setting receipt of the settlement proceeds as a
condition precedent to [the a]ppellants filing a praecipe to settle, discontinue,
and end their claims against the [remaining defendant].” Id. After those
defendants remitted the settlement proceeds, the appellants filed a praecipe
to settle, discontinue, and end. The appellants filed an appeal within 30 days
of the praecipe, challenging prior interlocutory orders in the case. See id. In
discussing the timeliness of the appeal, this Court explained that the trial
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court’s order granting the appellants’ petition to approve their settlement
agreements did not end the litigation or dispose of the entire case. “Rather,
it approved the agreements which provided, inter alia, that [the a]ppellants
would file a praecipe to settle, discontinue, and end this action as to the
remaining defendants…once they had paid [the a]ppellants the settlement
proceeds.” Id. Thus, it was only after receiving those payments that the
appellants could timely file their appeal from prior interlocutory orders in the
case. Id.
Similarly, in Ritz v. Ramsay, 305 A.3d 1056 (Pa.Super. 2023), the trial
court approved the appellants’ petition for partial settlement as to one
defendant. The court had already sustained the preliminary objections of
other defendants in the case. The petition for partial settlement contemplated
future payment of settlement proceeds to the appellants. The appellants
subsequently filed a praecipe to settle and discontinue the case as to the
settling defendants. The appellants filed an appeal within 30 days of the
praecipe seeking to challenge the prior order sustaining the other defendants’
preliminary objections. In considering the appeal as timely filed, this Court
relied on Baumbach, and held that the court’s order approving the settlement
agreement did not end the litigation or dispose of all parties; “the order
permitted [the a]ppellants and [the settling defendant] to execute their
settlement agreement. Then, after [the a]ppellants’ receipt of the settlement
funds, they filed a praecipe to settle, discontinue, and end as to [the settling
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defendant]. With that praecipe, …all claims and all parties had been disposed
of, and the litigation ended.” Id. at 1060.
Instantly, on January 4, 2023, the Fitzpatricks filed a letter informing
the trial court that the remaining parties4 had amicably resolved the matter,
that there would be no need for a trial date, and that the Fitzpatricks would
file closing documents upon distribution of the settlement funds.
(Letter, 1/4/23, at 1) (emphasis supplied). That same day, the trial court
docket reflected that the case was “settled prior to assignment for trial…by
the [c]ourt,” and notice pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 236 was sent to all parties.
Similar to Baumbach and Ritz, the letter in this case contemplated
further action—specifically, that the Fitzpatricks would file “closing
documents” (i.e., a praecipe) once settlement funds were distributed. (Letter,
1/4/23, at 1). Only after the funds were distributed did the Fitzpatricks file a
praecipe which requested the court to “mark all claims settled, discontinued,
and ended with prejudice.”5 (Praecipe, 3/14/23, at 1). Thus, the March 14,
2023 praecipe had the effect of withdrawing the remaining claims against the
remaining defendants and disposing of the entire case. See Ritz, supra;
4 The remaining parties included: the Fitzpatricks, the remaining Toll Defendants, Advanced Drywall Systems, II, LLC, L&W Supply Corporation, and Johnston Built, LLC.
5 The praecipe also provided an exception for “contribution and/or indemnification claims” asserted by any settling defendant. (Praecipe, 3/14/23, at 1).
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Baumbach, supra. Accordingly, Appellant’s appeal is timely.
We next turn to whether Appellant has standing to bring the instant
appeal. In its supplemental brief, BSG suggests that Appellant lacks standing
because it did not intervene during the pendency of the action. Rather,
Appellant intervened after the Fitzpatricks had filed a praecipe for
discontinuance. BSG also claims that Appellant is not aggrieved by the entry
of summary judgment in favor of BSG where Appellant did not take part in
litigation of that motion. According to BSG, Appellant cannot be aggrieved
merely because it was granted status as an intervenor.
Initially, we must consider whether BSG preserved its challenge to
Appellant’s standing on appeal. It is well settled that a party’s lack of standing
is not jurisdictional and can be waived if a timely objection is not made. See
In re Condemnation by Urban Redevelopment Auth. of Pittsburgh, 590
Pa. 431, 437 n.6, 913 A.2d 178, 181 n.6 (2006) (stating: “[T]he courts of this
Commonwealth view the issue of standing as nonjurisdictional and waivable”).
See also In re Duran, 769 A.2d 497, 501 n.2 (Pa.Super. 2001) (stating “the
issue of standing cannot be raised sua sponte and is waived if not properly
raised”).
Here, after Appellant filed its petition to intervene, the trial court entered
a rule upon all parties to show cause why the relief requested should not be
granted. Thereafter, no party filed any response in opposition to Appellant’s
petition to intervene. Ultimately, following a hearing, the court granted
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Appellant’s petition. Although BSG raises a challenge to Appellant’s standing
in supplemental briefing on appeal, BSG fails to inform this Court of how it
preserved that challenge before the trial court by objecting to Appellant’s
petition to intervene in response to the rule to show cause, or at the hearing. 6
Therefore, we deem BSG’s challenge to Appellant’s standing as waived on
appeal.7 See In re Condemnation by Urban Redevelopment Auth. of
Pittsburgh, supra; In re Duran, supra. Therefore, we turn to Appellant’s
issue on appeal.
6 There are no notes of testimony from the March 16, 2023 hearing on Appellant’s petition to intervene in the certified record. Additionally, following an informal inquiry by this Court, we were unable to obtain same. Thus, nothing in the record indicates that BSG preserved a challenge to Appellant obtaining intervenor status in the trial court.
7 We further note that an intervenor’s right to participate in an appeal is not
contingent upon the participation of the original appellant. See Appeal of Municipality of Penn Hills, 519 Pa. 164, 168, 546 A.2d 50, 52 (1988) (stating: “Generally, once intervention is allowed the intervenor is afforded all the rights of a party to the action, and unless otherwise specified an intervenor’s right to participate in an appeal is not contingent upon the continued participation of the original appellant”) (citations omitted). Here, Appellant’s policy provided a subrogation interest in Toll and Advanced Drywall II, LLC’s litigation. (See Emergency Petition to Intervene, 3/15/23, Ex. 3, Selective Insurance Policy S 196600908). The trial court permitted Appellant to intervene to protect those subrogation rights. See Van Den Heuval v. Wallace, 555 A.2d 162, 163 (Pa.Super. 1989) (explaining that subrogee generally has right to intervene in action to protect its subrogation rights). As such, even though Appellant was not directly a party to the orders granting BSG’s motion for summary judgment, we agree with Appellant that it was adversely impacted by the summary judgment entered in favor of BSG. See In re Nadzam, 203 A.3d 215, 220-21 (Pa.Super. 2019) (explaining that party has standing where it can establish it has been aggrieved by controversy; “A party is aggrieved for purposes of establishing standing when the party has a substantial, direct and immediate interest in the outcome of litigation”).
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Appellant argues that the trial court erred in granting BSG’s motion for
summary judgment where BSG contractually agreed to indemnify Toll.
Appellant contends that under the plain and unambiguous language of the
Master Construction Agreement, BSG was required to defend and indemnify
Toll for all claims, including those arising from Toll’s negligence. Appellant
concludes that the facts are undisputed, and the application of the law to those
facts should result in the entry of summary judgment in favor of itself as
subrogee of Toll. For the following reasons, we conclude that some limited
relief is due.
Our standard of review of an order granting summary judgment requires
us to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion or committed an
error of law. Mee v. Safeco Ins. Co. of America, 908 A.2d 344, 347
(Pa.Super. 2006).
Judicial discretion requires action in conformity with law on facts and circumstances before the trial court after hearing and consideration. Consequently, the court abuses its discretion if, in resolving the issue for decision, it misapplies the law or exercises its discretion in a manner lacking reason. Similarly, the trial court abuses its discretion if it does not follow legal procedure.
Miller v. Sacred Heart Hosp., 753 A.2d 829, 832 (Pa.Super. 2000) (internal
citations omitted). Our scope of review is plenary. Pappas v. Asbel, 564 Pa.
407, 418, 768 A.2d 1089, 1095 (2001), cert. denied, 536 U.S. 938, 122 S.Ct.
2618, 153 L.Ed.2d 802 (2002). In reviewing a trial court’s grant of summary
judgment:
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[W]e apply the same standard as the trial court, reviewing all the evidence of record to determine whether there exists a genuine issue of material fact. We view the record in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, and all doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of material fact must be resolved against the moving party. Only where there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and it is clear that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law will summary judgment be entered. All doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of a material fact must be resolved against the moving party.
Motions for summary judgment necessarily and directly implicate the plaintiff’s proof of the elements of [a] cause of action. Summary judgment is proper if, after the completion of discovery relevant to the motion, including the production of expert reports, an adverse party who will bear the burden of proof at trial has failed to produce evidence of facts essential to the cause of action or defense which in a jury trial would require the issues to be submitted to a jury. In other words, whenever there is no genuine issue of any material fact as to a necessary element of the cause of action or defense, which could be established by additional discovery or expert report and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, summary judgment is appropriate. Thus, a record that supports summary judgment either (1) shows the material facts are undisputed or (2) contains insufficient evidence of facts to make out a prima facie cause of action or defense.
Upon appellate review, we are not bound by the trial court’s conclusions of law, but may reach our own conclusions.
Chenot v. A.P. Green Services, Inc., 895 A.2d 55, 61 (Pa.Super. 2006)
(internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
In interpreting a contract, “[t]he intent of the parties is to be ascertained
from the document itself when the terms are clear and unambiguous.”
Thomas Rigging & Const. Co. v. Contraves, Inc., 798 A.2d 753, 755
(Pa.Super. 2002) (citation omitted). “[W]hen the language of a contract is
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clear and unequivocal, courts interpret its meaning by its content alone, within
the four corners of the document,” and “this Court need only examine the
writing itself to give effect to the parties’ understanding. [We] must construe
the contract only as written and may not modify the plain meaning under the
guise of interpretation.” Stephan v. Waldron Elec. Heating & Cooling LLC,
100 A.3d 660, 665 (Pa.Super. 2014) (citation omitted).
“However, … where an ambiguity exists, parol evidence is admissible to
explain or clarify or resolve the ambiguity, irrespective of whether the
ambiguity is created by the language of the instrument or by extrinsic or
collateral circumstances.” Thomas Rigging & Const. Co., supra at 755-56
(citation omitted).
A contract is ambiguous if it is reasonably susceptible of different constructions and capable of being understood in more than one sense. The “reasonably” qualifier is important: there is no ambiguity if one of the two proffered meanings is unreasonable. Furthermore, reviewing courts will not distort the meaning of the language or resort to a strained contrivance in order to find an ambiguity. Finally, while ambiguous writings are interpreted by the finder of fact, unambiguous ones are construed by the court as a matter of law.
Trizechahn Gateway LLC v. Titus, 601 Pa. 637, 653, 976 A.2d 474, 483
(2009) (citations and some quotation marks omitted). See also Murphy v.
Duquesne Univ. Of The Holy Ghost, 565 Pa. 571, 591, 777 A.2d 418, 430
(2001) (stating: “[C]ontractual terms are ambiguous if they are subject to
more than one reasonable interpretation when applied to a particular set of
facts”).
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The WCA generally provides a remedy for employees who seek to
recover for injuries sustained during the course of their employment. See 77
P.S. § 481. Section 481(b) of the WCA provides as follows:
(b) In the event injury or death to an employe[e] is caused by a third party, then such employe[e], his legal representative, husband or wife, parents, dependents, next of kin, and anyone otherwise entitled to receive damages by reason thereof, may bring their action at law against such third party, but the employer, his insurance carrier, their servants and agents, employe[e]s, representatives acting on their behalf or at their request shall not be liable to a third party for damages, contribution, or indemnity in any action at law, or otherwise, unless liability for such damages, contributions or indemnity shall be expressly provided for in a written contract entered into by the party alleged to be liable prior to the date of the occurrence which gave rise to the action.
77 P.S. § 481(b) (emphasis added). In other words, pursuant to Section
481(b), “a third party may not seek contribution or indemnity from the
employer, even though the employer’s own negligence may have been the
primary cause of the employee’s injury, absent an express provision for
indemnity in a written contract.” Bester v. Essex Crane Rental Corp.,
619 A.2d 304, 306-07 (Pa.Super. 1993) (en banc) (citation omitted)
(emphasis added).
Instantly, Appellant relies on the following language in the Master
Construction Agreement, which Appellant claims constitutes an express
provision for indemnity to satisfy the exception under Section 481(b):
Contractor and its subcontractors waive any provision of state, federal or local workers’ compensation law that prevents the Toll Companies from seeking contribution,
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indemnification or damages from Contractor and/or its subcontractors if any employee, agent or invitee of Contractor or its subcontractors commences litigation or makes a demand against the Toll Companies for any injury or damage actually or allegedly arising from the performance, existence or condition of the Work.
(Master Construction Agreement, 1/11/13, at 3, ¶7(G)). This is the same
language on which Toll relied when it initially filed a cross-claim against BSG
on August 28, 2020. Toll subsequently sought summary judgment on its
cross-claim based on this language on March 10, 2022. 8
On April 11, 2022, the court issued an order granting BSG’s motion for
summary judgment. Nevertheless, the court did not expressly rule on or
mention Toll’s competing motion for summary judgment concerning its cross-
claim against BSG for contractual defense and indemnification. Toll
subsequently filed a motion for reconsideration noting that the court had not
ruled on its motion, and the court granted reconsideration and vacated its
April 11, 2022 order. The court conducted a hearing on May 25, 2022, during
which Toll re-raised its request for summary judgment on its cross-claim
against BSG for indemnification.
By order filed May 27, 2022, the court entered an order reinstating and
granting summary judgment in favor of BSG. The court also entered a
separate order that day denying Toll’s motion for summary judgment. The
8 Toll’s request for summary judgment was included as new matter in Toll’s
response to BSG’s motion for summary judgment. (See Toll’s Response in Opposition to BSG’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 3/10/22, at 5-7).
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court did not provide any opinion or analysis in support of its May 27, 2022
orders.
Significantly, in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court now states that
“error may have been committed in granting the Motion for Summary
Judgment filed by [BSG] as it pertained to Toll.” (Trial Court Opinion, 6/29/23,
at 1). The court further elaborated that:
BSG and Toll dispute whether the language utilized in their contract created the written waiver required by the [WCA].
Upon further review, this [c]ourt believes its summary judgment orders pertaining to BSG and Toll were conflicting. At the summary judgment level there remained genuine issues of material fact that needed resolution through further proceedings.
The issues at the time of [the] summary judgment proceeding that remained to be resolved were: (1) whether or not BSG waived immunity in favor of Toll, and (2) whether or not BSG agreed to indemnify Toll against Toll’s own negligence.
(Id. at 5-6).
In light of the trial court’s lack of explanation or opinion at the time of
the court’s May 27, 2022 orders and in consideration of the court’s statements
in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the best resolution of this appeal is to remand so
that the trial court can decide whether the language provided in the Master
Construction Agreement satisfies the exception set forth in Section 481(b) of
the WCA. See, e.g., Branton v. Nicholas Meat, LLC, 159 A.3d 540, 562
n.21 (Pa.Super. 2017) (observing that trial court did not address issue in its
opinion granting summary judgment and remanding so that court could rule
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on issue in first instance). Upon remand, the trial court must determine if the
language of the contract is clear and unambiguous in favor of one party, and
if so, the court shall decide that question as a matter of law and enter
summary judgment accordingly. See Thomas Rigging & Const. Co., supra.
See also Trizechahn Gateway LLC, supra. On the other hand, should the
trial court deem the contractual language ambiguous, the court should
conduct further proceedings as necessary. See id. Accordingly, we vacate
the May 27, 2022 orders granting BSG’s motion for summary judgment and
denying Toll’s motion for summary judgment, and remand for further
proceedings consistent with this decision.
Orders vacated. Case remanded for further proceedings. Jurisdiction is
relinquished.
Date: 12/19/2024
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