First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A. v. Colcott Partners IV

833 P.2d 876, 16 Brief Times Rptr. 980, 1992 Colo. App. LEXIS 243, 1992 WL 119853
CourtColorado Court of Appeals
DecidedJune 4, 1992
DocketNo. 91CA0489
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 833 P.2d 876 (First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A. v. Colcott Partners IV) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Colorado Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A. v. Colcott Partners IV, 833 P.2d 876, 16 Brief Times Rptr. 980, 1992 Colo. App. LEXIS 243, 1992 WL 119853 (Colo. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinion

Opinion by

Judge REED.

Defendants, Colcott Partners IV (Colcott) and David L. Hofer, appeal the order entered in favor of plaintiff, First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., denying their motion to set aside a settlement stipulation. We affirm.

On July 29, 1986, Colcott executed a promissory note payable to plaintiff in the amount of $330,000. The note was secured by a deed of trust executed on the same day encumbering real property owned by Colcott.

The note was essentially non-recourse, limiting plaintiff’s remedy against the [877]*877note’s maker, in the event of default, to foreclosure and barring any enforcement of a deficiency against it. The note provided as follows:

Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, Holder covenants and agrees with Maker that in the event Holder shall, at any time, take action to enforce the collection of the indebtedness evidenced by this Note and secured by the Deed of Trust, it shall proceed first to foreclose the Deed of Trust ... instead of instituting suit upon this Note, and if, as a result of such foreclosure on the sale of property covered by the Deed of Trust, any lesser sum is realized therefrom than the amount then due and owing under this Note, Holder will not institute any action, suit, claim or demand in law or equity against Maker for or on account of such deficiency....

The deed of trust contained virtually identical language with respect to plaintiffs remedies.

Hofer executed an “Unconditional Guaranty” in favor of the plaintiff on the same date as the note. The guaranty of Hofer was for the purpose of inducing plaintiff to make the loan. It states with respect to the scope of Hofer’s liability as follows:

DAVID L. HOFER, an individual, ... hereby unconditionally, irrevocably and absolutely, jointly and severally, guarantees to the Lender and to every subsequent holder or holders of any promissory note ... evidencing the Loan that (i) the principal of and interest on, and attorney fees provided in, the Note and all other documents or instruments evidencing the Loan will be promptly paid when due in accordance with the provisions thereof....

The guaranty also contained the following language which differentiated Hofer’s liability from that of Colcott, the borrower:

This Unconditional Guaranty shall be enforceable despite any exculpation from liability granted to the Borrower.

Colcott subsequently failed to make payments due under the terms of the note and thus went into default. Plaintiff then initiated a public trustee foreclosure and purchased the property at a price which left a deficiency of approximately $67,000.

Thereafter, plaintiff brought its complaint against Colcott to collect the deficiency and sought recovery on the guaranty from Hofer. Defendants responded by filing an answer in which they admitted executing the note and guaranty but denied liability on grounds of fraud and breach of fiduciary duties in connection with the loan transaction.

Before trial, the parties entered into a stipulation of settlement. The stipulation called for payment of $30,000 to satisfy defendants’ obligations for the deficiency. In exchange for that payment, plaintiff agreed to release all claims arising out of the July 29, 1986, loan transaction. The stipulation provided for a $10,000 down payment and two installment payments of $15,000 and $5,000 respectively at interest, with the final installment due on a specified date thereafter. It further authorized plaintiff, in the event of defendants’ failure to make the scheduled payments, to move the court for entry of judgment equivalent to the full deficiency less any payments made under the stipulation. The case was not to be dismissed until settlement was complete.

Subsequently, full payment was made pursuant to the stipulation. Later, however, defendants filed a motion to have the stipulation set aside contending that they had entered into it under a mutual mistake of fact because the non-recourse provision had been overlooked and that the mistake made it inequitable to enforce the terms of the stipulation. Plaintiff conceded, in the trial court, that, at the time the settlement was reached, it was also unaware of the non-recourse provision in the note, but argued that this did not relate to Hofer’s unconditional guaranty and that he remained liable thereunder.

The trial court determined that defendant Hofer was liable pursuant to the guaranty notwithstanding the non-recourse provision in the note. Therefore, any mutual mistake concerning the loan documents relied upon by the parties in making the settlement stipulation related to Colcott’s [878]*878obligation, but was not material to Hofer’s liability. Thus, the trial court refused to set aside the stipulation or to order refund of the payments made thereunder.

Defendants contend that the trial court erred in denying their motion to set aside the stipulation and in not ordering a refund of its payments because the record showed a mutual mistake as a matter of law. They argue that because the primary debtor, Colcott, cannot be held liable for the amount of indebtedness reflected in the deficiency, neither can Hofer, as guarantor, be held liable for this sum. We disagree.

Like any other contract, the language of a guaranty is to be reasonably interpreted according to the intention of the parties as disclosed by facts and circumstances surrounding its execution. Valley National Bank v. Foreign Car Rental, Inc., 157 Colo. 545, 404 P.2d 272 (1965). Further, guarantee agreements are to be strictly construed in favor of the guarantor. Walter E. Heller & Co. v. Wilkerson, 627 P.2d 773 (Colo.App.1980).

A guaranty is a collateral promise to answer for the debt or obligation of another. See § 4-3-416, C.R.S. The extent of guarantor’s liability is determined by the language of the instrument itself, and absent language to the contrary, it is usually equal to that of the principal debt- or. Continental National Bank v. Dolan, 39 Colo.App. 16, 564 P.2d 955 (1977).

Here, the issue arises in applying these rules to the documents at issue and in determining the extent of the debt Hofer undertook to pay.

We agree with the trial court’s construction as to the scope of Hofer’s liability. In our view, merely because Colcott could not be sued for a deficiency judgment does not mean that it did not incur an indebtedness for which Hofer was liable in the event of default.

By the terms of his guaranty, Hofer became liable for the payment of the note’s balance when it became due according to its terms, i.e., when Colcott defaulted in its payments. His undertaking was absolute and unconditional and required no further steps to be taken by plaintiff before it could look to the guarantor for payment. See Yama v. Sigman, 114 Colo. 323, 165 P.2d 191 (1946).

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Bluebook (online)
833 P.2d 876, 16 Brief Times Rptr. 980, 1992 Colo. App. LEXIS 243, 1992 WL 119853, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/first-interstate-bank-of-denver-na-v-colcott-partners-iv-coloctapp-1992.