Fernandez Morales v. Aguilar

• Court: District Court, D. Nevada
• Decided: June 13, 2023
• Docket: 2:22-cv-00451
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 5 KOK 6 Yoandy Fernandez Morales, Case No. 2:22-cv-00451-RFB-DJA 7 Plaintiff, Order 8 v. 9 Aguilar, et al., 10 Defendants. 1] 12 Plaintiff is an inmate in the custody of the Nevada Department of Corrections □□□□□□□□□□ 13 || proceeding pro se. Before the Court are the following eight motions: Plaintiff's motion for a 14 || protective order (ECF No. 43); Plaintiff's motion to substitute a party (ECF No. 48); □□□□□□□□□□□ 15 || motion for a translator and for possession of medical records (ECF No. 49); Plaintiff's motion to 16 || join a real party in interest (ECF No. 50); Plaintiff's motion for an order to produce documents 17 || for in-camera review (ECF No. 53); Plaintiff's motion for appointment of counsel (ECF No. 55); 18 || Plaintiffs motion for an order adding a real party in interest (ECF No. 57); and Plaintiff's motion 19 || to strike (ECF No. 60). As discussed more fully below, the Court denies each of Plaintiff's 20 || motions. 21 || LL Discussion. 22 A, Plaintiff’s motion for a protective order (ECF No. 43). 23 Plaintiff moves for a “preliminary injunction and/or protective order.” (ECF No. 43). 24 || However, his motion addresses only his request for a preliminary injunction, which is properly 25 || separately filed. (ECF No. 42). Because Plaintiff does not include any points and authorities 26 || regarding his request for a protective order or explain what relief he seeks through a protective 27 || order, the Court denies his motion for protective order (ECF No. 43) without prejudice. 28

1 B. Plaintiff’s motion to substitute party (ECF No. 48). 2 Plaintiff moves for the Court to substitute Defendant Gregory Martin with Martin’s estate 3 || after the Attorney General’s Office filed a suggestion of death for Martin. (ECF Nos. 46, 48). “Tf 4 || aparty dies and the claim is not extinguished, the court may order substitution of the proper 5 || party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). The motion for substitution must be filed “within 90 days after 6 || service of a statement noting the death.” /d. To trigger this 90-day period, “[flirst, a party must 7 || formally suggest the death of the party upon the record ... Second, the suggesting party must serve 8 || other parties and nonparty successors or representatives of the deceased with a suggestion of 9 || death in the same manner as required for service of the motion to substitute.” Barlow v. Ground, 10 || 39 F.3d 231, 233 (9th Cir. 1994) (citations omitted). The Ninth Circuit has held that the party 11 || responsible for identifying the decedent’s successor is the party who is in the best position to do 12 || so. See Gilmore v. Lockard, 936 F.3d 857, 866-67 (9th Cir. 2019). In the context of inmate 13 || litigation, this burden often lies with the state attorney general, who is “significantly better 14 || positioned” than an incarcerated pro se plaintiff with limited resources, to ascertain the proper 15 || successor or representative. See id. at 866. Shifting the onus to a pro se litigant may place him 16 || “at a tactical disadvantage” and “would defeat the purpose of Rule 25(a): to preserve parties’ 17 || rights and causes of action when a party dies.” /d. Hence, to trigger the 90-day deadline for 18 || filing a motion for substitution, the state attorney general must either serve the decedent’s 19 || successor, or at the very least, identify the proper successor or representatives. See id. at 867. 20 In his motion, Plaintiff asks the Court to substitute Martin with Martin’s estate. Like in 21 || Gilmore, where a defendant also died in the middle of litigation and the state attorney general 22 || notified the plaintiff, the AG here is in a significantly better position to identify Martin’s 23 || successor than Plaintiff. This is particularly true, given that the AG represented Martin and has 24 || an existing relationship with the NDOC. See Gilmore, 936 F.3d at 866. Defendants’ filing of a 25 || suggestion of death for Martin, without more, is insufficient under Rule 25. (ECF No. 46). 26 || Gilmore requires that the AG, at a minimum, identify Martin’s successor or representatives to 27 || trigger the 90-day window. See 936 F.3d at 867. The Court therefore directs the AG to comply 28 || with their obligations under Gilmore. The AG shall have until July 12, 2023 to file either a notice

1 || and proof of service on the successor or a declaration outlining the efforts made to locate a 2 || successor. 3 The Court denies Plaintiff's motion to substitute Martin with his estate (ECF No. 48) as 4 || premature. Because the AG has not served Martin’s successors or representatives, the ninety-day 5 || window in which Plaintiff must move to substitute parties has not yet started. Additionally, at 6 || this time, there is no representative for the Court to substitute into Martin’s place. Plaintiff may 7 || move to substitute parties ninety days after the AG has served Martin’s successors or 8 || representatives if the AG has been successful in doing so. 9 C. Plaintiff’s motion for translator and possession of medical records (ECF No. 10 49). 11 Plaintiff moves the Court to require the prison to provide him a translator at each of his 12 || medical appointments and to allow him to possess his medical records. (ECF No. 49). 13 || Defendants respond that Plaintiff is seeking injunctive relief without providing points and 14 || authorities and that Plaintiff has filed items on the docket belying his requests. (ECF No. 51). 15 || Defendants point out that Plaintiff has filed numerous pages of his medical records on the docket, 16 || demonstrating that he has a least some access to his records. And although Plaintiff's complaint 17 || contained a disclosure stating that he had the help of another inmate drafting his complaint, none 18 || of his subsequent filings—in English—have included that disclosure. Defendants point out that, 19 || in another case, Plaintiff filed a forty-five page, handwritten, English-language response to 20 || Defendants’ motion for summary judgment within around twenty-four hours of Defendants filing 21 || their motion. See Morales v. Dr. Agustin, Case No. 2:21-cv-01319-GMN-NJK at ECF No. 45. 22 || But Plaintiff did not declare that he had any help drafting the response, and given the quick 23 || turnaround, it is unlikely that he did. Defendants assert that Plaintiffs filings cast serious doubt 24 || on his claim that he cannot understand English. Plaintiff did not file a reply in support of his 25 || motion. 26 The Court denies Plaintiff's motion without prejudice. The Court notes that Plaintiff is 27 || effectively seeking injunctive relief but, as Defendants point out, did not include points and 28

1 || authorities required by Nevada Local Rule 7-2(a).! Additionally, Plaintiff does not explain how 2 || or why he has been unable to access his medical records or why, given the fact that his motion 3 || and the attached grievance he submitted to the prison regarding the issue are in clear and 4 || understandable English, that he needs a translator for his medical appointments. See Winter v. 5 || Natural Resources Defense Council, 555 U.S. 7, 22 (2008) (explaining that a preliminary 6 || injunction is “an extraordinary remedy that may only be awarded upon a clear showing that the 7 || plaintiff is entitled to such relief.”). The Court also takes judicial notice of the response that 8 || Plaintiff filed to the defendants’ motion for summary judgment in Morales v. Dr. Agustin et al., 9 || Case No. 2:21-cv-01319-GMN-NJK at ECF No. 45 and the timing of that filing, which, without 10 || explanation, tends to demonstrate that Plaintiff wrote it. The Court will thus deny Plaintiff's 11 || motion (ECF No. 49) without prejudice. To the extent Plaintiff wishes to re-file his motion, he 12 || must explain these discrepancies and demonstrate why he is entitled to injunctive relief under the 13 || appropriate standard. 14 D. Plaintiff’s motions to join real party in interest and motion to strike (ECF Nos. 50, 57, 60). 15 16 Plaintiff moves to assign a person named Theodore Stevens 25% of any recovery Plaintiff 17 || receives in this case. (ECF No. 50). Plaintiff also requests to have Stevens added as a Plaintiff as 18 19 || ' The Court notes that Plaintiff did cite to a case to support the proposition that an uncorrected 20 language barrier in the context of patient-doctor communications can result in an unconstitutional deficiency in medical care. See Anderson v. County of Kern, 45 F.3d 1310, 1316-17 (9th Cir. 1995). Nonetheless, Plaintiff does not explain why he is entitled to injunctive relief under the appropriate standard. To demonstrate an entitlement to injunctive relief, a moving party must 22 || prove that he is likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction 23 || is in the public interest. Stormans, Inc. y. Selecky, 586 F.3d 1109, 1127 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing 4 Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, 555 U.S. 7, 22 (2008)). The Ninth Circuit also recognizes an additional standard: “if a plaintiff can only show that there are ‘serious questions going to the 25 || merits’—a lesser showing than likelihood of success on the merits—then a preliminary injunction may still issue if the ‘balance of hardships tips sharply in the plaintiff’s favor, and the other two 26 || Winter factors are satisfied.’” Shell Offshore, Inc. v. Greenpeace, Inc., 709 F.3d 1281, 1291 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1135 (9th Cir. 27 | 2011)). 28

1 || areal party in interest. After Defendants did not respond to his motion, Plaintiff filed another 2 |} motion to add Stevens, pointing out that Defendants’ non-response constituted their consent to the 3 || Court granting the motion. (ECF No. 57). Defendants responded to Plaintiff's second motion, 4 || arguing that even an assignment of proceeds of a litigation does not mean that the assignee has 5 || standing as a real party in interest. (ECF No. 58). Defendants add that Nevada courts generally 6 || prohibit the assignment of tort claims on public policy grounds, that Plaintiff has not 7 || demonstrated that Stevens otherwise has standing, that Plaintiff has not demonstrated a valid 8 || agreement assigning the proceeds of this litigation to Stevens, and that inmate civil rights 9 || litigations are personal in nature.” 10 Plaintiff moves to strike Defendants’ response, arguing that they did not respond within 11 || the required time to the first motion. (ECF No. 60). Plaintiff adds that his motion seeks to assign 12 || the proceeds of his litigation, not the claim. Defendants respond that Plaintiff's motion failed to 13 || identify any points and authorities on which it is based. (ECF No. 61). 14 Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 17(a)(1) an action must be prosecuted in the name 15 || of the real party in interest. Under Nevada law, “a meaningful legal distinction exists between 16 || assigning the rights to a tort action and assigning the proceeds from such an action.” Achrem v. 17 || Expressway Plaza Ltd. P’ship, 112 Nev. 737, 741, 917 P.2d 447, 449 (Nev. 1996). The latter is 18 || permissible while the former is not. /d. As the Nevada Supreme Court explained, “[w]hen the 19 || proceeds of a settlement are assigned, the injured party retains control of their lawsuit and the 20 || assignee cannot pursue the action independently.” Jd. 21 As a preliminary matter, the Court denies Plaintiffs motion to strike Defendants’ response 22 || as untimely because Defendants were not responding to Plaintiffs initial motion, but his second 23 || motion. And their response to his second motion was timely. The Court also denies □□□□□□□□□□□ 24 || motions to add Stevens as a party. Plaintiff does not explain how or why Stevens is a real party in 25 26 || 2 Defendants point out that “it appears the bargained for exchange in this case is Theodore 27 || Stevens providing legal assistance to Morales. See ECF No. 52 at 2. If true, that would place Theodore Stevens in criminal legal jeopardy for the unlicensed practice of law.” (ECF No. 58 at 28 || 3).

1 || interest to this case. Nor does Plaintiff cite any authority for his request for the Court to assign 2 || the proceeds of any settlement or judgment in this matter to Stevens. As a result, even though 3 || Defendants did not respond to his original motion, Plaintiff has not provided grounds on which 4 || the Court can grant his requested relief. The Court denies Plaintiff's motions (ECF Nos 50, 57, 5 || 60). 6 E. Plaintiff’s motion to produce documents for in-camera review (ECF No. 53). 7 Plaintiff's motion for in-camera review 1s really a motion to compel Defendants to 8 || produce documents in response to Plaintiff's requests for production. (ECF No. 53). Defendants 9 || respond that Plaintiff failed to certify that he met and conferred with Defendants and failed to set 10 || forth the text of the discovery requests he issued to Defendants and how their responses were 11 || deficient. (ECF No. 54). Plaintiff replies that he is seeking documents that he asserts Defendants 12 || removed from his medial records. (ECF No. 56). He asserts that, because of his language barrier, 13 || he is reliant on jailhouse lawyers and has been unable to articulate or accurately explain what 14 |) documents are missing from his medical file. He adds that Defendants’ counsel sent him a letter 15 || “telling Plaintiff not to write him any more letters” such that Plaintiff did not think he could meet 16 || and confer with Defendants’ counsel. 17 The Court denies Plaintiff's motion to compel. It is unclear from Plaintiff's motion and 18 || reply whether he requested the documents he seeks from Defendants. Although Plaintiff asserts 19 || that certain documents are missing from his medical records—which he requested from 20 || Defendants—he must first attempt to meet and confer with Defendants to resolve the issue before 21 || coming to the Court. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(1) (“the motion [to compel] must include a 22 || certification that the movant has in good faith conferred or attempted to confer with the person or 23 || party failing to make disclosure or discovery in an effort to obtain it without court intervention.”). 24 || The Court notes that the letter Defendant’s counsel sent Plaintiff did not tell Plaintiff not to send 25 || letters regarding meet-and-confers, but instead informed Plaintiff that his letters regarding his 26 || ability to view his medical records are not appropriately directed to Defendants’ counsel but are 27 || more appropriately governed by NDOC Administrative Regulation 639.03. Additionally, while 28 || Plaintiff states that he is unable to articulate or explain what documents are missing from his

1 || medical file because of his language barrier, the Court notes that Plaintiff's motion outlines each 2 || document he seeks in detail, requesting items like “Non-Formulary Drug Request for the date of 3 || January 5, 2023,” and “Southern Desert Correctional Center Medical Consult Request for the date 4 || of December 12, 2021.” (ECF No. 53 at 3). The Court thus denies Plaintiff’s motion to compel 5 || (ECF No. 53) and will require Plaintiff to meet and confer with Defendants regarding his missing 6 || medical records. 7 F. Plaintiff’s motion for appointment of counsel (ECF No. 55). 8 Plaintiff moves for appointment of counsel, arguing that he speaks no English and is 9 || entirely reliant on jailhouse lawyers and other inmates to write his filings, translate court 10 || documents, and to help him find his missing medical records. (ECF No. 55). Plaintiff adds that 11 || he is not allowed under prison regulations to possess his medical records and thus needs counsel 12 || to review and translate the records. A “person [generally] has no right to counsel in civil 13 || actions.” Palmer v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Storseth v. Spellman, 654 14 |) F.2d 1349, 1353 (9th Cir. 1981)). 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1), however, does allow the court to 15 || “request an attorney to represent any person unable to afford counsel.” That being said, the 16 || appointment of counsel in a civil case is within the court’s discretion and is only allowed in 17 || “exceptional cases.” See Palmer, 560 F.3d at 970 (citations omitted); see also Harrington v. 18 || Scribner, 785 F.3d 1299, 1309 (9th Cir. 2015). In “determining whether ‘exceptional 19 || circumstances’ exist, a court must consider ‘the likelihood of success on the merits as well as the 20 || ability of the petitioner to articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of the legal issues 21 || involved.’” Palmer, 560 F.3d at 970 (quoting Weygandt v. Look, 718 F.2d 952, 954 (9th Cir. 22 || 1983)); see also Cano v. Taylor, 739 F.3d 1213, 1218 (9th Cir. 2015). “Neither of these 23 || considerations is dispositive and instead must be viewed together.” /d. (citing Wilborn v. 24 || Escalderon, 789 F.2d 1328, 1331 (9th Cir. 1986)); see also Terrell v. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 25 || 1017 (9th Cir. 1991) (citation omitted). 26 Here, the Court does not find exceptional circumstances to grant appointment of counsel. 27 || Plaintiff's motion does not address the likelihood of success on the merits. And while Plaintiff 28 || asserts that he speaks no English and is unable to translate his medical records, as outlined more

1 || fully above, certain of Plaintiff's filings have cast doubt on whether he speaks no English. 2 || Additionally, Plaintiff asserts that he is a licensed physician in his native country and is thus 3 || familiar with medical documents. Without more clarity about whether and how Plaintiff has been 4 || engaging in litigation without a translator, the Court does not find that Plaintiff has demonstrated 5 || an inability to articulate his claims pro se. This is particularly true because, even if Plaintiff is 6 || using an interpreter, Plaintiff has demonstrated an ability to successfully litigate his case with the 7 || help of others interpreting for him. The Court denies Plaintiff's motion (ECF No. 55) without 8 || prejudice. 9 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for a protective order (ECF No. 10 || 43) is denied without prejudice. 11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion to substitute Defendant Martin’s 12 || estate in place of Martin (ECF No. 48) is denied without prejudice as premature. 13 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the AG shall have until July 12, 2023 to file either a 14 |] notice and proof of service on Martin’s successor or a declaration outlining the efforts made to 15 || locate a successor. 16 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for a translator and for possession 17 || of his medical records (ECF No. 49) is denied without prejudice. 18 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motions to join Stevens as a party (ECF 19 || Nos. 50, 57) are denied without prejudice. 20 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for an order to produce documents 21 || for in-camera review (ECF No. 53) is denied without prejudice. 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for appointment of counsel (ECF 23 || No. 55) is denied without prejudice. 24 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion to strike Defendants’ response to 25 || his motion to join Stevens (ECF No. 60) is denied. 26 DATED: June 13, 2023 27 OC YO DANIEL J. ALBREGTS 28 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE