FE Digital Investmen v. Hale, Lyric Hughes

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedDecember 1, 2008
Docket07-2898
StatusUnpublished

This text of FE Digital Investmen v. Hale, Lyric Hughes (FE Digital Investmen v. Hale, Lyric Hughes) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
FE Digital Investmen v. Hale, Lyric Hughes, (7th Cir. 2008).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued September 5, 2008 Decided December 1, 2008

Before

JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge

ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge

ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge

No. 07‐2898

FE DIGITAL INVESTMENTS Appeal from the United States District LIMITED, Court for the Northern District of Plaintiff‐Appellee, Illinois, Eastern Division.

v. No. 06 C 4807

LYRIC HUGHES HALE, Milton I. Shadur, Judge. Defendant‐Appellant.

O R D E R

FE Digital Investments Limited sued Lyric Hughes Hale for breach of contract and common law fraud when it learned that the financial statements attached to its agreement to purchase stock in Hale’s company (China Online) were erroneous despite her representations that the statements contained no material inaccuracies. The district court granted summary judgment to FE Digital. Hale’s appeal contends that summary judgment was inappropriate because she submitted evidence that FE Digital’s reliance on the financial statements was unjustifiable in light of Hale’s pre‐purchase disclosures that No. 07-2898 2

the statements had not been audited and “were not necessarily up‐to‐date.” Because Hale’s disclosures did not nullify the representations in the agreement that the financial statements were accurate, we conclude that this evidence does not create a triable issue of fact as to reliance. We also find that Hale has waived or forfeited her argument that FE Digital cannot recover on its fraud claim due to unclean hands by not raising it before the district court. Therefore, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment.

I. BACKGROUND

On September 18, 2001, Victor Chu, as Director of FE Digital, purchased shares of China Online for $1.5 million pursuant to a Subscription Agreement between FE Digital, China Online, and Hale. That agreement stated, in relevant part:

Section 2.5 Financial Statements. The financial statements attached hereto as Exhibit 2.5 (the “Financial Statements”) (i) do not contain or reflect any material inaccuracies or discrepancies, (ii) disclose a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company both as at 31 July 2001 and, (subject to changes required to reflect the normal day to day operation of the business of the Company between 1 August 2001 and the Closing Date, which operation has not resulted in the Company incurring any liabilities [A] other than in the normal course of business or [B] which may or could adversely effect the ability of the Company to carry on business or which if disclosed to the Investor would materially influence the Investors decision to invest in the Company), the Closing Date, and (iii) have been prepared in accordance with United Statesʹ generally accepted accounting principles and practice subject to the absence of footnote disclosures and to normal year‐end adjustments. Other than (i) the amount of US$1,168,670.05 specified in the Financial Statements as “Total Accounts Payable,” (as adjusted by virtue of the matters referred to in (ii) above of this Section 2.5) (ii) the amount specified in Section 5.1(b) of this Agreement, and (iii) the expenses specified in the Monthly Expense Summary (as defined below), there are no other debts or liabilities of the Company that will become due and owing prior to December 31, 2001.

Hale, the founder and CEO of China Online, executed the Subscription Agreement on behalf of China Online and in her individual capacity. Pursuant to the agreement, Hale produced a copy of China Online’s July 31, 2001 financial statements. Hale testified in her deposition that she neither reviewed the actual numbers nor verified their accuracy with China Online’s financial team. At some point before the purchase, Hale told Chu that “the No. 07-2898 3

accounting in the company was not necessarily up‐to‐date” because China Online could not pay its accounting firm, and it had not been able to complete an audit.

After receiving and reviewing the financial statements, FE Digital entered into the agreement and purchased the shares. On November 5, 2001, China Online’s new comptroller advised FE Digital that the numbers in the July 31, 2001 financial statements were “preliminary and unaudited and obviously have errors.” These “errors” amounted to an overstatement of China Online’s net asset value to the tune of $1.8 million. Although the financial statements produced as part of the Subscription Agreement represented that China Online’s total equity as of July 31, 2001 was $688,355, it turned out that China Online’s actual total equity as of that date was negative $1,089,184.

At the time she executed the Subscription Agreement, Hale also signed a letter of undertaking, in which she personally promised to sell the stock purchased by FE Digital for $1.5 million within eighteen months of the closing unless certain other events (such as the sale of China Online) occurred. Those other events did not occur and Hale, though she did try, did not find an investor to purchase FE Digital’s stock. Hale contends that her efforts to find new investors were thwarted by Chu.

FE Digital filed suit against Hale, alleging three claims: (1) that Hale breached the Subscription Agreement when she provided inaccurate financial statements; (2) that Hale breached the letter of undertaking because she failed to sell FE Digital’s shares for $1.5 million; and (3) that Hale committed common law fraud through her misrepresentations in the financial statements. The district court granted FE Digital’s motion for summary judgment on the fraud claim and the claim relating to the breach of the Subscription Agreement, which entitled FE Digital to relief that rendered the remaining claim moot. Hale appeals.

II. ANALYSIS

Summary judgment is appropriate if “there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, construing the evidence in the light most favorable to Hale, the non‐movant. Brademas v. Indiana Hous. Fin. Auth., 354 F.3d 681, 685 (7th Cir. 2004). The parties agree that Illinois law governs this dispute. No. 07-2898 4

A. Common Law Fraud Claim

Hale argues that summary judgment was inappropriate on the fraud claim because she raised a genuine issue of fact regarding Chu’s reliance (and by proxy, FE Digital’s) on the erroneous financial figures. Under Illinois law, in order for a plaintiff to prevail on a claim of fraudulent misrepresentation, he or she must establish the following elements: (1) a false statement of material fact; (2) known or believed to be false by the person making it; (3) an intent to induce the plaintiff to act; (4) action by the plaintiff in justifiable reliance on the truth of the statement; and (5) damage to the plaintiff resulting from such reliance. Doe v. Dilling, 888 N.E.2d 24, 35‐36 (Ill. 2008). A plaintiff must prove common law fraud with “clear and convincing evidence.” Avery v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 835 N.E.2d 801, 856 (Ill. 2005).

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Bluebook (online)
FE Digital Investmen v. Hale, Lyric Hughes, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/fe-digital-investmen-v-hale-lyric-hughes-ca7-2008.